Ali Ethem Efendi
Ali Ethem Efendi was born in Sivas in AH 1296. Recorded schooling includes 7 years at Rusdiye Mektebi. First work is recorded in Sivas in AH 1311 (15 AH years after the recorded birth year). The surviving career record covers 3 distinct AH years between 1323 and 1325; it begins with Tahrirat Kalemi in Sivas (200 kuruş monthly). Recorded language competency: Turkish: Kitabet (writing).
Honours, rank and legal records
Decoration wording is unrecorded in the linked text fields.
Sabıka / criminal records
Original wording and raw source values are not adjudicated findings or lifetime verdicts.
- October annual indicator
- 0
- Additional October code
- 0
Legal wording, values and source locators
- Original annual indicator value 0
AH 1323–1325
October personnel annual source · criminal · Any criminal record (1=yes)
Source lines 63296, 64596, 65543
Older EDA memur annual extract · adli
- Recorded code 0 · Older EDA memur annual extract · adli · Recorded source-year value: 1323
Source lines 38143 - Recorded code 0 · Older EDA memur annual extract · adli · Recorded source-year value: 1324
Source lines 38144 - Recorded code 0 · Older EDA memur annual extract · adli · Recorded source-year value: 1325
Source lines 38145
Older EDA memur annual extract · adli2
- Recorded code 0 · Older EDA memur annual extract · adli2 · Recorded source-year value: 1323
Source lines 38143 - Recorded code 0 · Older EDA memur annual extract · adli2 · Recorded source-year value: 1324
Source lines 38144 - Recorded code 0 · Older EDA memur annual extract · adli2 · Recorded source-year value: 1325
Source lines 38145
Older EDA memur annual extract · adli2y
- Recorded code 0 · Older EDA memur annual extract · adli2y · Recorded source-year value: 1323
Source lines 38143 - Recorded code 0 · Older EDA memur annual extract · adli2y · Recorded source-year value: 1324
Source lines 38144 - Recorded code 0 · Older EDA memur annual extract · adli2y · Recorded source-year value: 1325
Source lines 38145
Older EDA memur annual extract · adlisicilkaydi
- Recorded code 0 · Older EDA memur annual extract · adlisicilkaydi · AH 1323
Source lines 38143 - Recorded code 0 · Older EDA memur annual extract · adlisicilkaydi · AH 1324
Source lines 38144 - Recorded code 0 · Older EDA memur annual extract · adlisicilkaydi · AH 1325
Source lines 38145
Older EDA memur annual extract · adlixx
- Recorded code 0 · Older EDA memur annual extract · adlixx · Recorded source-year value: 1323
Source lines 38143 - Recorded code 0 · Older EDA memur annual extract · adlixx · Recorded source-year value: 1324
Source lines 38144 - Recorded code 0 · Older EDA memur annual extract · adlixx · Recorded source-year value: 1325
Source lines 38145
Older EDA memur annual extract · adliy
- Recorded code 0 · Older EDA memur annual extract · adliy · Recorded source-year value: 1323
Source lines 38143 - Recorded code 0 · Older EDA memur annual extract · adliy · Recorded source-year value: 1324
Source lines 38144 - Recorded code 0 · Older EDA memur annual extract · adliy · Recorded source-year value: 1325
Source lines 38145
Older EDA memur annual extract · criminal
- Recorded code 0 · Older EDA memur annual extract · criminal · AH 1323
Source lines 38143 - Recorded code 0 · Older EDA memur annual extract · criminal · AH 1324
Source lines 38144 - Recorded code 0 · Older EDA memur annual extract · criminal · AH 1325
Source lines 38145
Older EDA memureski annual extract · adlisicilkaydi
- Recorded code 0 · Older EDA memureski annual extract · adlisicilkaydi · AH 1323
Source lines 38143 - Recorded code 0 · Older EDA memureski annual extract · adlisicilkaydi · AH 1324
Source lines 38144 - Recorded code 0 · Older EDA memureski annual extract · adlisicilkaydi · AH 1325
Source lines 38145
Older EDA memureski annual extract · criminal
- Recorded code 0 · Older EDA memureski annual extract · criminal · AH 1323
Source lines 38143 - Recorded code 0 · Older EDA memureski annual extract · criminal · AH 1324
Source lines 38144 - Recorded code 0 · Older EDA memureski annual extract · criminal · AH 1325
Source lines 38145
October personnel annual source · criminal_record_times
- Recorded code 0 · October personnel annual source · criminal_record_times · AH 1323
Source lines 63296 - Recorded code 0 · October personnel annual source · criminal_record_times · AH 1324
Source lines 64596 - Recorded code 0 · October personnel annual source · criminal_record_times · AH 1325
Source lines 65543
September personnel source · adlisicilkaydi
- Recorded code 0 · September personnel source · adlisicilkaydi · AH 1323
Source lines 36910 - Recorded code 0 · September personnel source · adlisicilkaydi · AH 1324
Source lines 36911 - Recorded code 0 · September personnel source · adlisicilkaydi · AH 1325
Source lines 36912
September personnel source · criminal
- Recorded code 0 · September personnel source · criminal · AH 1323
Source lines 36910 - Recorded code 0 · September personnel source · criminal · AH 1324
Source lines 36911 - Recorded code 0 · September personnel source · criminal · AH 1325
Source lines 36912
Rank and honour codes
Original values across source assertions, including zero; meanings unverified. No grade, count or award status is inferred.
No honour or rank code assertion is linked in these additional sources.
Life and career
3 recorded AH years · 3 annual entries
Life and career stages
Recorded AH years- AH 1296
- AH 1311Birth-year difference: 15 AH years
- AH 1323–1325Birth-year difference: 27–29 AH years
Each stage retains its recorded place and title. Annual stages group only consecutive years with the same title and place; they do not prove continuous tenure. Birth-year differences compare AH year numbers; they are not exact ages or birthdays.
Assigned salary in the annual career
Monthly kuruş · AHTahrirat Kalemi · sivas · 200 kuruş monthly
First work is separately recorded at AH 1311 in Sivas. The first-salary field is 200 kuruş; it is not a dated point on this curve.
Monthly nominal assigned amounts, not confirmed cash payments. Lines connect consecutive AH years only; hollow points mean salary not recorded. Competing entries in one AH year remain separate points, without a unique pay-change line. Gregorian values elsewhere are stored labels.
Places in this record
◆ Birthplace■ First work● Annual recordRing: multiple relations
Every recorded locality remains visible in the key. Hollow markers show candidate coordinates; these are not resolved locations. Overlapping markers are offset for legibility; a small anchor and leader retain the source coordinate. Coastlines provide modern geographic context.
Compare all recorded title, place and salary changes
Each comparison uses the preceding surviving entry.
Salary 200 to 300 kuruş +100 (+50%)
A title change is not automatically a promotion; a locality change is not a reconstructed journey.
How to read the dates, birth-year differences and salaries
AH years are the ordering clock. Birth-year differences subtract uncontested AH birth and event year numbers; they are not exact ages or birthdays. Separately recorded first-job age fields can use a different or unresolved convention and are not substituted into this calculation. Gregorian years are stored dataset labels. The first-work field may concern apprenticeship, paid instruction or earlier state service, and does not establish the beginning of PT service.
Salaries are monthly nominal assigned amounts, not confirmed cash disbursements. Differences between annual entries are not dated promotions or transfers. A source status such as Vefat is not a formal death date; no death locality is assigned from a last work place.
Preparation
- School / programme
- Rusdiye Mektebi
- Schooling duration
- 7 source-recorded years
- Apprenticeship
- 12 source-recorded years
- Qualification indicator
- 0
- Telegraph school indicator
- 0
- Father’s occupation
- Nufus Memuru
- Recorded birth year
- AH 1296
- Religion wording
- Musluman
- Nationality wording
- Turkish
Schooling years are a duration/classification, not an acquisition date. Education and training dates await source-linked structured records; no dates are inferred here. No completion date is inferred from a schooling duration.
First-work and entry-pay fields
- First-work source date
- AH 1311 · 1893 label
- Place
- Sivas
- First-salary field
- 200 kuruş
- Source
- recovered
The first-work date may concern apprenticeship, paid instruction or earlier state service. The first-salary amount is a separate inherited field; their presence together does not prove that payment began on this date. Neither is the first positive annual salary observation.
Recorded language repertoire
1 field contains historical terms.
- Turkish
- Kitabet (writing)
Only recorded terms are shown. Omitted language fields mean not recorded; they do not establish that the official lacked a language. Original competency wording is preserved; Kitabet (writing), Tekellum (speaking) and Asina (familiarity) are cautious historical glosses, not modern proficiency levels. Workbook language notes remain separately source-linked in the additional evidence. Read the terminology note.
Additional source evidence
Occupation wording, status assertions and original records
Occupation wording and source categories
Occupation category (September 2025 detailed personnel edition)
- Clerical and Administrative Staff
Current job titles in older EDA annual records
- Tahrirat Kalemi
All additional source assertions, language notes and original codes
Enrichment edition: ottoman-bureaucracy-enrichment-e57164ecd75cde91. This is separate from the annual data edition; the compact dossier PDF cites both editions.
Download the additional source records (JSON)
| Recorded field | Original value | Source locator |
|---|---|---|
| Occupation category (September 2025 detailed personnel edition)Original source assertion | Clerical and Administrative Staff | september-occupation · occupation_cat Source-year labels: 1323–1325 Source lines 36910, 36911, 36912 |
| Current job titles in older EDA annual recordsOriginal source assertion | Tahrirat Kalemi | eda-memur · currentjob Source-year labels: Source lines 38143, 38144, 38145 |
| Current job titles in older EDA annual recordsOriginal source assertion | Tahrirat Kalemi | eda-memureski · currentjob Source-year labels: Source lines 38143, 38144, 38145 |
| Any criminal record (1=yes)Source-year indicator; not a lifetime verdict | 0 | october10-personnel · criminal AH 1323 Source lines 63296 |
| Any criminal record (1=yes)Source-year indicator; not a lifetime verdict | 0 | october10-personnel · criminal AH 1324 Source lines 64596 |
| Any criminal record (1=yes)Source-year indicator; not a lifetime verdict | 0 | october10-personnel · criminal AH 1325 Source lines 65543 |
| adliOriginal source assertion | 0 | eda-memur · adli Recorded source-year value: 1323 Source lines 38143 |
| adliOriginal source assertion | 0 | eda-memur · adli Recorded source-year value: 1324 Source lines 38144 |
| adliOriginal source assertion | 0 | eda-memur · adli Recorded source-year value: 1325 Source lines 38145 |
| adli2Original source assertion | 0 | eda-memur · adli2 Recorded source-year value: 1323 Source lines 38143 |
| adli2Original source assertion | 0 | eda-memur · adli2 Recorded source-year value: 1324 Source lines 38144 |
| adli2Original source assertion | 0 | eda-memur · adli2 Recorded source-year value: 1325 Source lines 38145 |
| adli2yOriginal source assertion | 0 | eda-memur · adli2y Recorded source-year value: 1323 Source lines 38143 |
| adli2yOriginal source assertion | 0 | eda-memur · adli2y Recorded source-year value: 1324 Source lines 38144 |
| adli2yOriginal source assertion | 0 | eda-memur · adli2y Recorded source-year value: 1325 Source lines 38145 |
| adlisicilkaydiOriginal source assertion | 0 | eda-memur · adlisicilkaydi AH 1323 Source lines 38143 |
| adlisicilkaydiOriginal source assertion | 0 | eda-memur · adlisicilkaydi AH 1324 Source lines 38144 |
| adlisicilkaydiOriginal source assertion | 0 | eda-memur · adlisicilkaydi AH 1325 Source lines 38145 |
| adlixxOriginal source assertion | 0 | eda-memur · adlixx Recorded source-year value: 1323 Source lines 38143 |
| adlixxOriginal source assertion | 0 | eda-memur · adlixx Recorded source-year value: 1324 Source lines 38144 |
| adlixxOriginal source assertion | 0 | eda-memur · adlixx Recorded source-year value: 1325 Source lines 38145 |
| adliyOriginal source assertion | 0 | eda-memur · adliy Recorded source-year value: 1323 Source lines 38143 |
| adliyOriginal source assertion | 0 | eda-memur · adliy Recorded source-year value: 1324 Source lines 38144 |
| adliyOriginal source assertion | 0 | eda-memur · adliy Recorded source-year value: 1325 Source lines 38145 |
| criminalOriginal source assertion | 0 | eda-memur · criminal AH 1323 Source lines 38143 |
| criminalOriginal source assertion | 0 | eda-memur · criminal AH 1324 Source lines 38144 |
| criminalOriginal source assertion | 0 | eda-memur · criminal AH 1325 Source lines 38145 |
| adlisicilkaydiOriginal source assertion | 0 | eda-memureski · adlisicilkaydi AH 1323 Source lines 38143 |
| adlisicilkaydiOriginal source assertion | 0 | eda-memureski · adlisicilkaydi AH 1324 Source lines 38144 |
| adlisicilkaydiOriginal source assertion | 0 | eda-memureski · adlisicilkaydi AH 1325 Source lines 38145 |
| criminalOriginal source assertion | 0 | eda-memureski · criminal AH 1323 Source lines 38143 |
| criminalOriginal source assertion | 0 | eda-memureski · criminal AH 1324 Source lines 38144 |
| criminalOriginal source assertion | 0 | eda-memureski · criminal AH 1325 Source lines 38145 |
| Criminal record (coded level)Original source assertion | 0 | october10-personnel · criminal_record_times AH 1323 Source lines 63296 |
| Criminal record (coded level)Original source assertion | 0 | october10-personnel · criminal_record_times AH 1324 Source lines 64596 |
| Criminal record (coded level)Original source assertion | 0 | october10-personnel · criminal_record_times AH 1325 Source lines 65543 |
| adlisicilkaydiOriginal source assertion | 0 | september-occupation · adlisicilkaydi AH 1323 Source lines 36910 |
| adlisicilkaydiOriginal source assertion | 0 | september-occupation · adlisicilkaydi AH 1324 Source lines 36911 |
| adlisicilkaydiOriginal source assertion | 0 | september-occupation · adlisicilkaydi AH 1325 Source lines 36912 |
| criminalOriginal source assertion | 0 | september-occupation · criminal AH 1323 Source lines 36910 |
| criminalOriginal source assertion | 0 | september-occupation · criminal AH 1324 Source lines 36911 |
| criminalOriginal source assertion | 0 | september-occupation · criminal AH 1325 Source lines 36912 |
Read the complete annual source table
Every displayed annual entry, in source / Hijri-year order. This table is the accessible alternative to the connected timeline and charts.
| Source year | Gregorian label | Title | Locality wording | Monthly kuruş | Source line |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1905 | Tahrirat KalemiOriginal: tahrirat kalemi | sivas | 200 | recovered line 34582 | |
| 1906 | Tahrirat KalemiOriginal: tahrirat kalemi | sivas | 300 | recovered line 34583 | |
| 1907 | Tahrirat KalemiOriginal: tahrirat kalemi | sivas | 300 | recovered line 34584 |
- AH 1323 · 1905 label
Tahrirat Kalemi
Original title: tahrirat kalemi
200 kuruş / monthrecovered · source line 34582
- AH 1324 · 1906 label
Tahrirat Kalemi
Original title: tahrirat kalemi
300 kuruş / monthrecovered · source line 34583
- AH 1325 · 1907 label
Tahrirat Kalemi
Original title: tahrirat kalemi
300 kuruş / monthrecovered · source line 34584
Evidence & edition
Coded extracts, preserved source differences
Collection membership
- Website edition
- ottoman-bureaucracy-2026-10-11-v1-84d4f7f2230a
- Source editions
- older, september, recovered
- Annual display source
- Recovered merged personnel extract
- Paper sample
- Included · 1 annual entries
- Other archival labels
- No different label recorded
- Geography
- Recorded place assertions; map linkage is separately reported
How to read this dossier
The website joins the exact archival identity across editions. Names are attributes and never merge records. No annual gap is filled from another extract. Geographic alternatives, missing values and differences remain evidence rather than silent corrections.
All substantive source assertions (80)
| Field | Original stored value | Source field and lines |
|---|---|---|
| birthH | 1296 | recovered · dobirth source lines 34582, 34583, 34584 |
| birthPlace | sivas | recovered · birthplace source lines 34582, 34583, 34584 |
| birthPlace | sivas | recovered · birth_place source lines 34582, 34583, 34584 |
| birthProvince | sivas | recovered · birth_vilayet source lines 34582, 34583, 34584 |
| school | Rusdiye Mektebi | recovered · school_type source lines 34582, 34583, 34584 |
| schoolingYears | 7 | recovered · education_year source lines 34582, 34583, 34584 |
| schoolingYears | 7 | recovered · school_year source lines 34582, 34583, 34584 |
| apprenticeshipYears | 12 | recovered · mulazemet source lines 34582, 34583, 34584 |
| qualification | 0 | recovered · qualification source lines 34582, 34583, 34584 |
| derivedQualificationFlag | 0 | recovered · has_qualification source lines 34582, 34583, 34584 |
| telegraphSchool | 0 | recovered · telgraf source lines 34582, 34583, 34584 |
| religion | Musluman | recovered · religion source lines 34582, 34583, 34584 |
| nationality | Turkish | recovered · nationality source lines 34582, 34583, 34584 |
| fatherJob | Nufus Memuru | recovered · fatherjob source lines 34582, 34583, 34584 |
| fatherJob | nufus memuru | recovered · father_job source lines 34582, 34583, 34584 |
| firstWorkH | 1311 | recovered · ilk_ise_baslangic_yili source lines 34582, 34583, 34584 |
| firstWorkG | 1893 | recovered · firstjobyear source lines 34582, 34583, 34584 |
| firstWorkPlace | Sivas | recovered · firstjob_place source lines 34582, 34583, 34584 |
| firstWorkSalary | 200 | recovered · firstjob_wage source lines 34582, 34583, 34584 |
| birthLatitude | 39.749719999999826 | recovered · lat_birth_place source lines 34582, 34583, 34584 |
| birthLongitude | 37.01759400000042 | recovered · lon_birth_place source lines 34582, 34583, 34584 |
| name | Ali Ethem Efendi | september · İsim source lines 36910, 36911, 36912 |
| birthH | 1296 | september · dobirth source lines 36910, 36911, 36912 |
| birthPlace | sivas | september · birthplace source lines 36910, 36911, 36912 |
| birthProvince | sivas | september · birth_vilayet source lines 36910, 36911, 36912 |
| school | rusdiye mektebi | september · school_type source lines 36910, 36911, 36912 |
| schoolingYears | 7 | september · education_year source lines 36910, 36911, 36912 |
| apprenticeshipYears | 12 | september · mulazemet source lines 36910, 36911, 36912 |
| apprenticeshipYears | 12 | september · MülazemetSüresi source lines 36910, 36911, 36912 |
| qualification | 0 | september · qualification source lines 36910, 36911, 36912 |
| telegraphSchool | 0 | september · telegraph_school source lines 36910, 36911, 36912 |
| religion | musluman | september · religion source lines 36910, 36911, 36912 |
| nationality | turkish | september · nationality source lines 36910, 36911, 36912 |
| fatherJob | nufus memuru | september · fatherjob source lines 36910, 36911, 36912 |
| firstWorkH | 1311 | september · firstjob_year source lines 36910, 36911, 36912 |
| firstWorkPlace | sivas | september · firstjob_place source lines 36910, 36911, 36912 |
| firstWorkSalary | 200 | september · firstjob_wage source lines 36910, 36911, 36912 |
| birthLatitude | 39.749719999999826 | september · lat_birth_place source lines 36910, 36911, 36912 |
| birthLongitude | 37.01759400000042 | september · lon_birth_place source lines 36910, 36911, 36912 |
| language:Turkish | Kitabet | september · lang_turkish source lines 36910, 36911, 36912 |
| derivedLanguageCode:Turkish | 3 | september · lang_turkish2 source lines 36910, 36911, 36912 |
| derivedLanguageCode:Arabic | 0 | september · lang_arabic2 source lines 36910, 36911, 36912 |
| derivedLanguageCode:French | 0 | september · lang_french2 source lines 36910, 36911, 36912 |
| derivedLanguageCode:Persian | 0 | september · lang_persian2 source lines 36910, 36911, 36912 |
| derivedLanguageCode:English | 0 | september · lang_english2 source lines 36910, 36911, 36912 |
| derivedLanguageCode:Italian | 0 | september · lang_italian2 source lines 36910, 36911, 36912 |
| derivedLanguageCode:Armenian | 0 | september · lang_armenian2 source lines 36910, 36911, 36912 |
| derivedLanguageCode:Greek | 0 | september · lang_greek2 source lines 36910, 36911, 36912 |
| derivedLanguageCode:Rum | 0 | september · lang_rum2 source lines 36910, 36911, 36912 |
| derivedLanguageCode:Bulgarian | 0 | september · lang_bulgarian2 source lines 36910, 36911, 36912 |
| derivedLanguageCode:Russian | 0 | september · lang_russian2 source lines 36910, 36911, 36912 |
| name | Ali Ethem Efendi | older · İsim source lines 61752, 61797, 62532 |
| birthH | 1296 | older · dobirth source lines 61752, 61797, 62532 |
| birthPlace | sivas | older · birthplace source lines 61752, 61797, 62532 |
| birthProvince | sivas | older · birth_vilayet source lines 61752, 61797, 62532 |
| school | rusdiye mektebi | older · school_type source lines 61752, 61797, 62532 |
| schoolingYears | 7 | older · education_year source lines 61752, 61797, 62532 |
| apprenticeshipYears | 12 | older · MülazemetSüresi source lines 61752, 61797, 62532 |
| qualification | 0 | older · qualification source lines 61752, 61797, 62532 |
| telegraphSchool | 0 | older · telgraph_school source lines 61752, 61797, 62532 |
| religion | musluman | older · religion source lines 61752, 61797, 62532 |
| nationality | turkish | older · nationality source lines 61752, 61797, 62532 |
| fatherJob | nufus memuru | older · fatherjob source lines 61752, 61797, 62532 |
| firstWorkH | 1311 | older · firstjob_year source lines 61752, 61797, 62532 |
| firstWorkPlace | sivas | older · firstjob_place source lines 61752, 61797, 62532 |
| firstWorkSalary | 200 | older · firstjob_wage source lines 61752, 61797, 62532 |
| birthLatitude | 39.749719999999826 | older · lat_birth_place source lines 61752, 61797, 62532 |
| birthLongitude | 37.01759400000042 | older · lon_birth_place source lines 61752, 61797, 62532 |
| language:Turkish | Kitabet | older · lang_turkish source lines 61752, 61797, 62532 |
| derivedLanguageCode:Turkish | 3 | older · lang_turkish2 source lines 61752, 61797, 62532 |
| derivedLanguageCode:Arabic | 0 | older · lang_arabic2 source lines 61752, 61797, 62532 |
| derivedLanguageCode:French | 0 | older · lang_french2 source lines 61752, 61797, 62532 |
| derivedLanguageCode:Persian | 0 | older · lang_persian2 source lines 61752, 61797, 62532 |
| derivedLanguageCode:English | 0 | older · lang_english2 source lines 61752, 61797, 62532 |
| derivedLanguageCode:Italian | 0 | older · lang_italian2 source lines 61752, 61797, 62532 |
| derivedLanguageCode:Armenian | 0 | older · lang_armenian2 source lines 61752, 61797, 62532 |
| derivedLanguageCode:Greek | 0 | older · lang_greek2 source lines 61752, 61797, 62532 |
| derivedLanguageCode:Rum | 0 | older · lang_rum2 source lines 61752, 61797, 62532 |
| derivedLanguageCode:Bulgarian | 0 | older · lang_bulgarian2 source lines 61752, 61797, 62532 |
| derivedLanguageCode:Russian | 0 | older · lang_russian2 source lines 61752, 61797, 62532 |
Original stored values
These are values in the inherited coded extracts. They are not a verified transcription of the original register. Source spelling and differences are preserved.
Cite this record
Fatih Kansoy, Ottoman Bureaucracy, “Ali Ethem Efendi”. BOA, DH.SAİD, Sicill-i Ahvâl Defterleri, Dahiliye Nezâreti. Archival reference as recorded: 146-148-291. Collection identification and coded personnel records: Akyıldız (2024), Marmara University thesis. Annual edition: ottoman-bureaucracy-2026-10-11-v1-84d4f7f2230a; additional source edition: ottoman-bureaucracy-enrichment-e57164ecd75cde91. https://ottomanbureaucracy.com/people/p-18fd429e102f098c/
BOA, DH.SAİD, Sicill-i Ahvâl Defterleri, Dahiliye Nezâreti. Archival reference as recorded: 146-148-291
Collection identification and coded personnel records: Akyıldız (2024), Marmara University thesis.
Stable archival identity: /people/p-18fd429e102f098c/. The edition identifies the data build separately from the stable person address. Historical records may be revised in a later edition.