Hüseyin Tahsin Efendi
Hüseyin Tahsin Efendi was born in Trabzon in AH 1294. Recorded schooling includes 7 years at Rusdiye Mektebi. First work is recorded in Trabzon in AH 1314 (20 AH years after the recorded birth year). The surviving career record covers 6 distinct AH years between 1318 and 1323; it begins with Muhaberati Ecnebiye Memuriyeti in Sinop (450 kuruş monthly). Recorded language competency: Turkish: Kitabet (writing).
Life and career
6 recorded AH years · 6 annual entries
Life and career stages
Recorded AH years- AH 1294
- AH 1314Birth-year difference: 20 AH years
- AH 1318–1323Birth-year difference: 24–29 AH years
Each stage retains its recorded place and title. Annual stages group only consecutive years with the same title and place; they do not prove continuous tenure. Birth-year differences compare AH year numbers; they are not exact ages or birthdays.
Assigned salary in the annual career
Monthly kuruş · AHMuhaberati Ecnebiye Memuriyeti · sinop · 450 kuruş monthly
First work is separately recorded at AH 1314 in Trabzon. The first-salary field is 450 kuruş; it is not a dated point on this curve.
Monthly nominal assigned amounts, not confirmed cash payments. Lines connect consecutive AH years only; hollow points mean salary not recorded. Competing entries in one AH year remain separate points, without a unique pay-change line. Gregorian values elsewhere are stored labels.
Places in this record
◆ Birthplace■ First work● Annual recordRing: multiple relations
Every recorded locality remains visible in the key. Hollow markers show candidate coordinates; these are not resolved locations. Overlapping markers are offset for legibility; a small anchor and leader retain the source coordinate. Coastlines provide modern geographic context.
How to read the dates, birth-year differences and salaries
AH years are the ordering clock. Birth-year differences subtract uncontested AH birth and event year numbers; they are not exact ages or birthdays. Separately recorded first-job age fields can use a different or unresolved convention and are not substituted into this calculation. Gregorian years are stored dataset labels. The first-work field may concern apprenticeship, paid instruction or earlier state service, and does not establish the beginning of PT service.
Salaries are monthly nominal assigned amounts, not confirmed cash disbursements. Differences between annual entries are not dated promotions or transfers. A source status such as Vefat is not a formal death date; no death locality is assigned from a last work place.
Preparation
- School / programme
- Rusdiye Mektebi
- Schooling duration
- 7 source-recorded years
- Apprenticeship
- 4 source-recorded years
- Qualification indicator
- 0
- Telegraph school indicator
- 0
- Father’s occupation
- Esnaf
- Recorded birth year
- AH 1294
- Religion wording
- Musluman
- Nationality wording
- Turkish
Schooling years are a duration/classification, not an acquisition date. Education and training dates await source-linked structured records; no dates are inferred here. No completion date is inferred from a schooling duration.
First-work and entry-pay fields
- First-work source date
- AH 1314 · 1896 label
- Place
- Trabzon
- First-salary field
- 450 kuruş
- Source
- recovered
The first-work date may concern apprenticeship, paid instruction or earlier state service. The first-salary amount is a separate inherited field; their presence together does not prove that payment began on this date. Neither is the first positive annual salary observation.
Recorded language repertoire
1 field contains historical terms.
- Turkish
- Kitabet (writing)
Only recorded terms are shown. Omitted language fields mean not recorded; they do not establish that the official lacked a language. Original competency wording is preserved; Kitabet (writing), Tekellum (speaking) and Asina (familiarity) are cautious historical glosses, not modern proficiency levels. Workbook language notes remain separately source-linked in the additional evidence. Read the terminology note.
Further biographical evidence
Source wording and status assertions
Occupation category (September 2025 detailed personnel edition)
- FL Communication and Telegraph
Inspect the additional source wording, language notes and original codes
These separately linked fields add source wording and raw codes without replacing the annual career. Original rank, decoration and merit-code labels remain unverified; zero is retained literally. Read about the sources.
Enrichment edition: ottoman-bureaucracy-enrichment-5e2ba3e19fa6918b. This is separate from the annual data edition and annual-record PDF.
Download these additional source records (JSON)
| Recorded field | Original value | Source locator |
|---|---|---|
| Occupation category (September 2025 detailed personnel edition)Recorded source wording | FL Communication and Telegraph | september-occupation · occupation_cat source lines 35909, 35910, 35911, 35912, 35913, 35914 Recorded source-year values: 1318, 1319, 1320, 1321, 1322, 1323 |
| Current job titles in older EDA annual recordsRecorded source wording | Muhaberati Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | eda-memur · currentjob source lines 37074, 37075, 37076, 37077, 37078, 37079 Recorded source-year values: 1318, 1319, 1320, 1321, 1322, 1323 |
| Current job titles in older EDA annual recordsRecorded source wording | Muhaberati Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | eda-memureski · currentjob source lines 37074, 37075, 37076, 37077, 37078, 37079 Recorded source-year values: 1318, 1319, 1320, 1321, 1322, 1323 |
| Any criminal record (1=yes)Source-year indicator; not a lifetime verdict | 0 | october10-personnel · criminal AH 1318 · AH source lines 51669 |
| Any criminal record (1=yes)Source-year indicator; not a lifetime verdict | 0 | october10-personnel · criminal AH 1319 · AH source lines 54197 |
| Any criminal record (1=yes)Source-year indicator; not a lifetime verdict | 0 | october10-personnel · criminal AH 1320 · AH source lines 56723 |
| Any criminal record (1=yes)Source-year indicator; not a lifetime verdict | 0 | october10-personnel · criminal AH 1321 · AH source lines 59220 |
| Any criminal record (1=yes)Source-year indicator; not a lifetime verdict | 0 | october10-personnel · criminal AH 1322 · AH source lines 61368 |
| Any criminal record (1=yes)Source-year indicator; not a lifetime verdict | 0 | october10-personnel · criminal AH 1323 · AH source lines 63199 |
| adlisicilkaydiUnverified code labels / original source assertion | 0 | eda-memur · adlisicilkaydi AH 1318 · AH source lines 37074 |
| adlisicilkaydiUnverified code labels / original source assertion | 0 | eda-memur · adlisicilkaydi AH 1319 · AH source lines 37075 |
| adlisicilkaydiUnverified code labels / original source assertion | 0 | eda-memur · adlisicilkaydi AH 1320 · AH source lines 37076 |
| adlisicilkaydiUnverified code labels / original source assertion | 0 | eda-memur · adlisicilkaydi AH 1321 · AH source lines 37077 |
| adlisicilkaydiUnverified code labels / original source assertion | 0 | eda-memur · adlisicilkaydi AH 1322 · AH source lines 37078 |
| adlisicilkaydiUnverified code labels / original source assertion | 0 | eda-memur · adlisicilkaydi AH 1323 · AH source lines 37079 |
| criminalUnverified code labels / original source assertion | 0 | eda-memur · criminal AH 1318 · AH source lines 37074 |
| criminalUnverified code labels / original source assertion | 0 | eda-memur · criminal AH 1319 · AH source lines 37075 |
| criminalUnverified code labels / original source assertion | 0 | eda-memur · criminal AH 1320 · AH source lines 37076 |
| criminalUnverified code labels / original source assertion | 0 | eda-memur · criminal AH 1321 · AH source lines 37077 |
| criminalUnverified code labels / original source assertion | 0 | eda-memur · criminal AH 1322 · AH source lines 37078 |
| criminalUnverified code labels / original source assertion | 0 | eda-memur · criminal AH 1323 · AH source lines 37079 |
| adlisicilkaydiUnverified code labels / original source assertion | 0 | eda-memureski · adlisicilkaydi AH 1318 · AH source lines 37074 |
| adlisicilkaydiUnverified code labels / original source assertion | 0 | eda-memureski · adlisicilkaydi AH 1319 · AH source lines 37075 |
| adlisicilkaydiUnverified code labels / original source assertion | 0 | eda-memureski · adlisicilkaydi AH 1320 · AH source lines 37076 |
| adlisicilkaydiUnverified code labels / original source assertion | 0 | eda-memureski · adlisicilkaydi AH 1321 · AH source lines 37077 |
| adlisicilkaydiUnverified code labels / original source assertion | 0 | eda-memureski · adlisicilkaydi AH 1322 · AH source lines 37078 |
| adlisicilkaydiUnverified code labels / original source assertion | 0 | eda-memureski · adlisicilkaydi AH 1323 · AH source lines 37079 |
| criminalUnverified code labels / original source assertion | 0 | eda-memureski · criminal AH 1318 · AH source lines 37074 |
| criminalUnverified code labels / original source assertion | 0 | eda-memureski · criminal AH 1319 · AH source lines 37075 |
| criminalUnverified code labels / original source assertion | 0 | eda-memureski · criminal AH 1320 · AH source lines 37076 |
| criminalUnverified code labels / original source assertion | 0 | eda-memureski · criminal AH 1321 · AH source lines 37077 |
| criminalUnverified code labels / original source assertion | 0 | eda-memureski · criminal AH 1322 · AH source lines 37078 |
| criminalUnverified code labels / original source assertion | 0 | eda-memureski · criminal AH 1323 · AH source lines 37079 |
| Criminal record (coded level)Unverified code labels / original source assertion | 0 | october10-personnel · criminal_record_times AH 1318 · AH source lines 51669 |
| Criminal record (coded level)Unverified code labels / original source assertion | 0 | october10-personnel · criminal_record_times AH 1319 · AH source lines 54197 |
| Criminal record (coded level)Unverified code labels / original source assertion | 0 | october10-personnel · criminal_record_times AH 1320 · AH source lines 56723 |
| Criminal record (coded level)Unverified code labels / original source assertion | 0 | october10-personnel · criminal_record_times AH 1321 · AH source lines 59220 |
| Criminal record (coded level)Unverified code labels / original source assertion | 0 | october10-personnel · criminal_record_times AH 1322 · AH source lines 61368 |
| Criminal record (coded level)Unverified code labels / original source assertion | 0 | october10-personnel · criminal_record_times AH 1323 · AH source lines 63199 |
| adlisicilkaydiUnverified code labels / original source assertion | 0 | september-occupation · adlisicilkaydi AH 1318 · AH source lines 35912 |
| adlisicilkaydiUnverified code labels / original source assertion | 0 | september-occupation · adlisicilkaydi AH 1319 · AH source lines 35913 |
| adlisicilkaydiUnverified code labels / original source assertion | 0 | september-occupation · adlisicilkaydi AH 1320 · AH source lines 35909 |
| adlisicilkaydiUnverified code labels / original source assertion | 0 | september-occupation · adlisicilkaydi AH 1321 · AH source lines 35910 |
| adlisicilkaydiUnverified code labels / original source assertion | 0 | september-occupation · adlisicilkaydi AH 1322 · AH source lines 35911 |
| adlisicilkaydiUnverified code labels / original source assertion | 0 | september-occupation · adlisicilkaydi AH 1323 · AH source lines 35914 |
| criminalUnverified code labels / original source assertion | 0 | september-occupation · criminal AH 1318 · AH source lines 35912 |
| criminalUnverified code labels / original source assertion | 0 | september-occupation · criminal AH 1319 · AH source lines 35913 |
| criminalUnverified code labels / original source assertion | 0 | september-occupation · criminal AH 1320 · AH source lines 35909 |
| criminalUnverified code labels / original source assertion | 0 | september-occupation · criminal AH 1321 · AH source lines 35910 |
| criminalUnverified code labels / original source assertion | 0 | september-occupation · criminal AH 1322 · AH source lines 35911 |
| criminalUnverified code labels / original source assertion | 0 | september-occupation · criminal AH 1323 · AH source lines 35914 |
Read the complete annual source table
Every displayed annual entry, in source / Hijri-year order. This table is the accessible alternative to the connected timeline and charts.
| Source year | Gregorian label | Title | Locality wording | Monthly kuruş | Source line |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1900 | Muhaberati Ecnebiye MemuriyetiOriginal: muhaberati ecnebiye memuriyeti | sinop | 450 | recovered line 33773 | |
| 1901 | Muhaberati Ecnebiye MemuriyetiOriginal: muhaberati ecnebiye memuriyeti | sinop | 450 | recovered line 33774 | |
| 1902 | Muhaberati Ecnebiye MemuriyetiOriginal: muhaberati ecnebiye memuriyeti | sinop | 450 | recovered line 33775 | |
| 1903 | Muhaberati Ecnebiye MemuriyetiOriginal: muhaberati ecnebiye memuriyeti | sinop | 450 | recovered line 33776 | |
| 1904 | Muhaberati Ecnebiye MemuriyetiOriginal: muhaberati ecnebiye memuriyeti | sinop | 450 | recovered line 33777 | |
| 1905 | Muhaberati Ecnebiye MemuriyetiOriginal: muhaberati ecnebiye memuriyeti | sinop | 450 | recovered line 33778 |
- AH 1318 · 1900 label
Muhaberati Ecnebiye Memuriyeti
Original title: muhaberati ecnebiye memuriyeti
450 kuruş / monthrecovered · source line 33773
- AH 1319 · 1901 label
Muhaberati Ecnebiye Memuriyeti
Original title: muhaberati ecnebiye memuriyeti
450 kuruş / monthrecovered · source line 33774
- AH 1320 · 1902 label
Muhaberati Ecnebiye Memuriyeti
Original title: muhaberati ecnebiye memuriyeti
450 kuruş / monthrecovered · source line 33775
- AH 1321 · 1903 label
Muhaberati Ecnebiye Memuriyeti
Original title: muhaberati ecnebiye memuriyeti
450 kuruş / monthrecovered · source line 33776
- AH 1322 · 1904 label
Muhaberati Ecnebiye Memuriyeti
Original title: muhaberati ecnebiye memuriyeti
450 kuruş / monthrecovered · source line 33777
- AH 1323 · 1905 label
Muhaberati Ecnebiye Memuriyeti
Original title: muhaberati ecnebiye memuriyeti
450 kuruş / monthrecovered · source line 33778
Evidence & edition
Coded extracts, preserved source differences
Collection membership
- Website edition
- ottoman-bureaucracy-2026-10-11-v1-84d4f7f2230a
- Source editions
- older, september, recovered
- Annual display source
- Recovered merged personnel extract
- Paper sample
- Included · 6 annual entries
- Other archival labels
- No different label recorded
- Geography
- Recorded place assertions; map linkage is separately reported
How to read this dossier
The website joins the exact archival identity across editions. Names are attributes and never merge records. No annual gap is filled from another extract. Geographic alternatives, missing values and differences remain evidence rather than silent corrections.
All substantive source assertions (77)
| Field | Original stored value | Source field and lines |
|---|---|---|
| birthH | 1294 | recovered · dobirth source lines 33773, 33774, 33775, 33776, 33777, 33778 |
| birthPlace | trabzon | recovered · birthplace source lines 33773, 33774, 33775, 33776, 33777, 33778 |
| birthPlace | trabzon | recovered · birth_place source lines 33773, 33774, 33775, 33776, 33777, 33778 |
| birthProvince | trabzon | recovered · birth_vilayet source lines 33773, 33774, 33775, 33776, 33777, 33778 |
| school | Rusdiye Mektebi | recovered · school_type source lines 33773, 33774, 33775, 33776, 33777, 33778 |
| schoolingYears | 7 | recovered · education_year source lines 33773, 33774, 33775, 33776, 33777, 33778 |
| schoolingYears | 7 | recovered · school_year source lines 33773, 33774, 33775, 33776, 33777, 33778 |
| apprenticeshipYears | 4 | recovered · mulazemet source lines 33773, 33774, 33775, 33776, 33777, 33778 |
| qualification | 0 | recovered · qualification source lines 33773, 33774, 33775, 33776, 33777, 33778 |
| derivedQualificationFlag | 0 | recovered · has_qualification source lines 33773, 33774, 33775, 33776, 33777, 33778 |
| telegraphSchool | 0 | recovered · telgraf source lines 33773, 33774, 33775, 33776, 33777, 33778 |
| religion | Musluman | recovered · religion source lines 33773, 33774, 33775, 33776, 33777, 33778 |
| nationality | Turkish | recovered · nationality source lines 33773, 33774, 33775, 33776, 33777, 33778 |
| fatherJob | Esnaf | recovered · fatherjob source lines 33773, 33774, 33775, 33776, 33777, 33778 |
| firstWorkH | 1314 | recovered · ilk_ise_baslangic_yili source lines 33773, 33774, 33775, 33776, 33777, 33778 |
| firstWorkG | 1896 | recovered · firstjobyear source lines 33773, 33774, 33775, 33776, 33777, 33778 |
| firstWorkPlace | Trabzon | recovered · firstjob_place source lines 33773, 33774, 33775, 33776, 33777, 33778 |
| firstWorkSalary | 450 | recovered · firstjob_wage source lines 33773, 33774, 33775, 33776, 33777, 33778 |
| birthLatitude | 41.00519699999978 | recovered · lat_birth_place source lines 33773, 33774, 33775, 33776, 33777, 33778 |
| birthLongitude | 39.72642999999985 | recovered · lon_birth_place source lines 33773, 33774, 33775, 33776, 33777, 33778 |
| name | Hüseyin Tahsin Efendi | september · İsim source lines 35909, 35910, 35911, 35912, 35913, 35914 |
| birthH | 1294 | september · dobirth source lines 35909, 35910, 35911, 35912, 35913, 35914 |
| birthPlace | trabzon | september · birthplace source lines 35909, 35910, 35911, 35912, 35913, 35914 |
| birthProvince | trabzon | september · birth_vilayet source lines 35909, 35910, 35911, 35912, 35913, 35914 |
| school | rusdiye mektebi | september · school_type source lines 35909, 35910, 35911, 35912, 35913, 35914 |
| schoolingYears | 7 | september · education_year source lines 35909, 35910, 35911, 35912, 35913, 35914 |
| apprenticeshipYears | 4 | september · mulazemet source lines 35909, 35910, 35911, 35912, 35913, 35914 |
| apprenticeshipYears | 4 | september · MülazemetSüresi source lines 35909, 35910, 35911, 35912, 35913, 35914 |
| qualification | 0 | september · qualification source lines 35909, 35910, 35911, 35912, 35913, 35914 |
| telegraphSchool | 0 | september · telegraph_school source lines 35909, 35910, 35911, 35912, 35913, 35914 |
| religion | musluman | september · religion source lines 35909, 35910, 35911, 35912, 35913, 35914 |
| nationality | turkish | september · nationality source lines 35909, 35910, 35911, 35912, 35913, 35914 |
| firstWorkH | 1314 | september · firstjob_year source lines 35909, 35910, 35911, 35912, 35913, 35914 |
| firstWorkPlace | trabzon | september · firstjob_place source lines 35909, 35910, 35911, 35912, 35913, 35914 |
| firstWorkSalary | 450 | september · firstjob_wage source lines 35909, 35910, 35911, 35912, 35913, 35914 |
| birthLatitude | 41.00519699999978 | september · lat_birth_place source lines 35909, 35910, 35911, 35912, 35913, 35914 |
| birthLongitude | 39.72642999999985 | september · lon_birth_place source lines 35909, 35910, 35911, 35912, 35913, 35914 |
| language:Turkish | Kitabet | september · lang_turkish source lines 35909, 35910, 35911, 35912, 35913, 35914 |
| derivedLanguageCode:Turkish | 3 | september · lang_turkish2 source lines 35909, 35910, 35911, 35912, 35913, 35914 |
| derivedLanguageCode:Arabic | 0 | september · lang_arabic2 source lines 35909, 35910, 35911, 35912, 35913, 35914 |
| derivedLanguageCode:French | 0 | september · lang_french2 source lines 35909, 35910, 35911, 35912, 35913, 35914 |
| derivedLanguageCode:Persian | 0 | september · lang_persian2 source lines 35909, 35910, 35911, 35912, 35913, 35914 |
| derivedLanguageCode:English | 0 | september · lang_english2 source lines 35909, 35910, 35911, 35912, 35913, 35914 |
| derivedLanguageCode:Italian | 0 | september · lang_italian2 source lines 35909, 35910, 35911, 35912, 35913, 35914 |
| derivedLanguageCode:Armenian | 0 | september · lang_armenian2 source lines 35909, 35910, 35911, 35912, 35913, 35914 |
| derivedLanguageCode:Greek | 0 | september · lang_greek2 source lines 35909, 35910, 35911, 35912, 35913, 35914 |
| derivedLanguageCode:Rum | 0 | september · lang_rum2 source lines 35909, 35910, 35911, 35912, 35913, 35914 |
| derivedLanguageCode:Bulgarian | 0 | september · lang_bulgarian2 source lines 35909, 35910, 35911, 35912, 35913, 35914 |
| derivedLanguageCode:Russian | 0 | september · lang_russian2 source lines 35909, 35910, 35911, 35912, 35913, 35914 |
| name | Hüseyin Tahsin Efendi | older · İsim source lines 65004, 65223, 65340, 65535, 65785, 65838 |
| birthH | 1294 | older · dobirth source lines 65004, 65223, 65340, 65535, 65785, 65838 |
| birthPlace | trabzon | older · birthplace source lines 65004, 65223, 65340, 65535, 65785, 65838 |
| birthProvince | trabzon | older · birth_vilayet source lines 65004, 65223, 65340, 65535, 65785, 65838 |
| school | rusdiye mektebi | older · school_type source lines 65004, 65223, 65340, 65535, 65785, 65838 |
| schoolingYears | 7 | older · education_year source lines 65004, 65223, 65340, 65535, 65785, 65838 |
| apprenticeshipYears | 4 | older · MülazemetSüresi source lines 65004, 65223, 65340, 65535, 65785, 65838 |
| qualification | 0 | older · qualification source lines 65004, 65223, 65340, 65535, 65785, 65838 |
| telegraphSchool | 0 | older · telgraph_school source lines 65004, 65223, 65340, 65535, 65785, 65838 |
| religion | musluman | older · religion source lines 65004, 65223, 65340, 65535, 65785, 65838 |
| nationality | turkish | older · nationality source lines 65004, 65223, 65340, 65535, 65785, 65838 |
| firstWorkH | 1314 | older · firstjob_year source lines 65004, 65223, 65340, 65535, 65785, 65838 |
| firstWorkPlace | trabzon | older · firstjob_place source lines 65004, 65223, 65340, 65535, 65785, 65838 |
| firstWorkSalary | 450 | older · firstjob_wage source lines 65004, 65223, 65340, 65535, 65785, 65838 |
| birthLatitude | 41.00519699999978 | older · lat_birth_place source lines 65004, 65223, 65340, 65535, 65785, 65838 |
| birthLongitude | 39.72642999999985 | older · lon_birth_place source lines 65004, 65223, 65340, 65535, 65785, 65838 |
| language:Turkish | Kitabet | older · lang_turkish source lines 65004, 65223, 65340, 65535, 65785, 65838 |
| derivedLanguageCode:Turkish | 3 | older · lang_turkish2 source lines 65004, 65223, 65340, 65535, 65785, 65838 |
| derivedLanguageCode:Arabic | 0 | older · lang_arabic2 source lines 65004, 65223, 65340, 65535, 65785, 65838 |
| derivedLanguageCode:French | 0 | older · lang_french2 source lines 65004, 65223, 65340, 65535, 65785, 65838 |
| derivedLanguageCode:Persian | 0 | older · lang_persian2 source lines 65004, 65223, 65340, 65535, 65785, 65838 |
| derivedLanguageCode:English | 0 | older · lang_english2 source lines 65004, 65223, 65340, 65535, 65785, 65838 |
| derivedLanguageCode:Italian | 0 | older · lang_italian2 source lines 65004, 65223, 65340, 65535, 65785, 65838 |
| derivedLanguageCode:Armenian | 0 | older · lang_armenian2 source lines 65004, 65223, 65340, 65535, 65785, 65838 |
| derivedLanguageCode:Greek | 0 | older · lang_greek2 source lines 65004, 65223, 65340, 65535, 65785, 65838 |
| derivedLanguageCode:Rum | 0 | older · lang_rum2 source lines 65004, 65223, 65340, 65535, 65785, 65838 |
| derivedLanguageCode:Bulgarian | 0 | older · lang_bulgarian2 source lines 65004, 65223, 65340, 65535, 65785, 65838 |
| derivedLanguageCode:Russian | 0 | older · lang_russian2 source lines 65004, 65223, 65340, 65535, 65785, 65838 |
Original stored values
These are values in the inherited coded extracts. They are not a verified transcription of the original register. Source spelling and differences are preserved.
Cite this record
Ottoman Bureaucracy, “Hüseyin Tahsin Efendi”, archival reference 120-71-137, edition ottoman-bureaucracy-2026-10-11-v1-84d4f7f2230a, https://ottomanbureaucracy.com/people/p-c0b2fbd093edff39/.
Stable archival identity: /people/p-c0b2fbd093edff39/. The edition identifies the data build separately from the stable person address. Historical records may be revised in a later edition.