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Ottoman BureaucracyPeople, places and careers in Ottoman public service
Dedicated toCarter V. Findley

MUHEMMED EFENDİ

Born 1856/57 (AH 1273) · Kirkuk (Kerkük) · Dated entries 1871 to 1908 (AH 1288 to 1325)

Languages Turkish

Archival reference DH_SAİD,00102_00104

The career, year by year

Read every year

Each mark opens a dated entry. Colour identifies the place; blank years remain gaps.

Follow 7 dated stages in the life. Choose a year in the life ribbon below the map. Places and earlier connections accumulate as you advance; All stops reveals the overview.

1Kirkuk (Kerkük)Mosul (Musul)Erbil
● Birth○ First work● Career→ Earlier recorded connections

Stage 1 of 7 · Kirkuk (Kerkük)

How to read this map

Connections join located entries in chronological stages; other recorded places stay in the text. Dashed connections pass intervening stages without a map position. They do not document a travel route or continuous service.

Entries within the same AH year are not ordered. Stages with more than one located locality remain unconnected; each source place stays visible.

1 stop kept as text without a verified locality point. No provincial capital is substituted.

  1. 1

    1856/57 (AH 1273)

    Kirkuk (Kerkük)

    1. Birth

  2. 2

    1871/72 (AH 1288)

    Kirkuk (Kerkük)

    Within-year entry order unresolved

    1. First work as recorded

      Calculated age 15

    All 2 recorded entries in this stage →

  3. 3

    1872/73 (AH 1289) · 18 recorded years

    Kirkuk (Kerkük)

    AH entries: 1289, 1290, 1291, 1292, 1293, 1294, 1295, 1296, 1297, 1298, 1299, 1300, 1301, 1302, 1303, 1304, 1305, 1306. Gaps remain open.

    Within-year entry order unresolved

      All 25 recorded entries in this stage →

    1. 4

      1891/92 (AH 1309) · 14 recorded years

      Mosul (Musul)

      AH entries: 1309, 1310, 1311, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, 1316, 1317, 1318, 1319, 1320, 1321, 1322. Gaps remain open.

      Within-year entry order unresolved

        All 24 recorded entries in this stage →

      1. 5

        1905/06 (AH 1323)

        Mosul (Musul) / Erbil

        Within-year entry order unresolved

          All 5 recorded entries in this stage →

        1. 6

          1906/07 (AH 1324)

          Erbil / Kirkuk (Kerkük) / Place not recorded

          Within-year entry order unresolved

          Not yet located on the map: Location not recorded

            All 5 recorded entries in this stage →

          1. 7

            1907/08 (AH 1325)

            Sincar

            Not yet located on the map: Sincar

            1. Mal Müdürü

              500 kuruşCalculated age 52

          Gregorian spans accompany recorded AH years; exact dates retain their cited wording. Stated ages are labelled; other ages are calculated only within the same recorded calendar. Missing amounts remain unrecorded; zero remains zero.

          Pay over time

          Pay in its time

          Current collection salary comparison

          Dated AH salary records of the currently selected officials; undated evidence remains in the chronology.

          Monthly rate and same-year salariesNominal monthly kuruş · log scale · annual entries only
          Relative pay percentileShare of other annual-entry officials paid less

          Use Enter, Space or ← / → on a salary point, or click the percentile panel to choose the nearest observed AH year. All yearly values appear below.

          Marks show observed AH years only; gaps remain blank and no line implies continuous pay or service. The reference range includes the focal official when they are in the sample.

          How the comparison is calculated

          One highest recorded salary per official and AH year. Same-year medians, nearest-rank 10th and 90th percentiles, and relative standing are recomputed from the selected collection.

          Amounts are nominal monthly kuruş in years with a recorded salary. Gaps are left blank; values are not adjusted for prices. Explicitly unpaid zero entries remain in the chronology and are omitted from logarithmic salary plots.

          View the yearly values
          Monthly nominal kuruş. “Paid less” is the share of other officials in the same-year annual-entry sample with lower recorded pay; N is official-year observations.
          AH yearOfficial rateSample medianSample p10 to p90Paid lessN
          1872/73 (AH 1289)95450140 to 2,3505.6%736
          1873/74 (AH 1290)200405130 to 2,20018.4%805
          1874/75 (AH 1291)200450150 to 1,80016.6%882
          1875/76 (AH 1292)200450150 to 2,00015.1%976
          1876/77 (AH 1293)200420150 to 2,00015.3%1102
          1877/78 (AH 1294)200450150 to 1,80015.3%1160
          1878 (AH 1295)200450150 to 2,00014.6%1196
          1878/79 (AH 1296)250400150 to 2,00021.4%1328
          1879/80 (AH 1297)500400180 to 1,80057.9%1534
          1880/81 (AH 1298)530400160 to 1,50066.3%1448
          1881/82 (AH 1299)605400150 to 1,50072.3%1489
          1882/83 (AH 1300)605400150 to 1,40072.7%1655
          1883/84 (AH 1301)605400150 to 1,40073.4%1720
          1884/85 (AH 1302)605400150 to 1,50073.0%1748
          1885/86 (AH 1303)605400150 to 1,50071.7%1787
          1886/87 (AH 1304)605400150 to 1,50070.7%1725
          1887/88 (AH 1305)605400150 to 1,50070.2%1762
          1888/89 (AH 1306)605400135 to 1,50072.2%1797
          1891/92 (AH 1309)500400140 to 1,60056.1%1927
          1893/94 (AH 1311)600400140 to 1,40065.6%1929
          1896/97 (AH 1314)550450150 to 1,57562.6%2119
          1897/98 (AH 1315)545400140 to 1,42568.9%1891
          1899/1900 (AH 1317)550400140 to 1,44066.5%1821
          1900/01 (AH 1318)550400140 to 1,50066.5%1761
          1901/02 (AH 1319)550400150 to 1,52064.9%1666
          1902/03 (AH 1320)550400150 to 1,50066.4%1627
          1903/04 (AH 1321)550405150 to 1,45064.8%1578
          1904/05 (AH 1322)550400135 to 1,50065.2%1493
          1905/06 (AH 1323)550430125 to 1,50062.5%1423
          1906/07 (AH 1324)500450150 to 1,52551.5%1371
          1907/08 (AH 1325)500460135 to 1,61550.6%1290

          Career patterns and pay

          Recorded pay over the career

          Kuruş · dated amounts

          Select an amount for its date, post, place and age.

          ● Post entry● Retirement● Other status

          Dated rates and labelled continuing-service entries, not total annual earnings. Missing amounts remain blank; zero remains zero.

          Where the career is recorded

          Distinct AH years with career entries
          1. 1871 to 1907 (AH 1288 to 1324)
          2. 1891 to 1906 (AH 1309 to 1323)
          3. 1905 to 1907 (AH 1323 to 1324)
          4. Sincar1
            1907/08 (AH 1325)

          Gaps do not count as service. One year can have entries in several places.

          Amounts recorded by place

          Kuruş · smallest to largest dated rate
          1. Mosul (Musul)495 to 600
          2. Sincar500

          Ranges retain different rates and source assertions. Retirement amounts are separate from post pay.

          Titles across the recorded years

          Distinct AH years with each recorded title
          1. 1880 to 1889 (AH 1298 to 1306)
          2. 1872 to 1879 (AH 1289 to 1296)
          3. 1896 to 1903 (AH 1314 to 1320)
          4. 1902 to 1906 (AH 1320 to 1323)
          5. 1902 to 1906 (AH 1320 to 1323)
          6. 1893 to 1897 (AH 1311 to 1314)

          The most recorded title wordings. A year may include more than one title; these counts do not establish promotions or continuous tenure.

          Related officials in the salary reference

          All related groups and salary ranks

          Education and personal record

          Schooling Kerkük Sıbyan Mektebi; muallim-i mahsus [source]

          Language skills and historical terms

          Kitâbet means writing; tekellüm means speaking; âşinâ means familiarity.

          • Turkish · Kitâbetokur yazar [1]

          Honours and other personal details

          Judicial record indicator (recorded code)
          1 (recorded code) [source]
          All personal fields and their sources

          Sources and evidence

          1. Sicill-i Ahval Defterlerine göre Kerküklü devlet adamları

            ORHAN ABDULBASIT ANWER ANWER · 2021 · Pages 264, 265, 266

            213 DH_SAİD,00102_00104

          Read the original source accounts · 61 source entries →

          The chronology groups compatible entries for reading. Each original account remains available with its wording, dates, amounts and archival reference.

          Yearly entries and their source passages · 36 dated AH years

          Annual salary study and register readings

          The separate annual salary reference account has 61 entries. Its maps, salary comparisons, register readings and original values remain available in the study view.

          Open the salary study and register readings →

          How to read the records

          Subjects