Mahmud Es'ad Paşa

Born 1837/38 (AH 1253) · Izmir (İzmir) · Dated entries 1849 to 1895 (AH 1266 to 1312)

Languages Arabic, French, Persian, Turkish

Archival reference BOA. DH.SAİD.d. 1/303

The career, year by year

Each mark opens a dated entry. Colour identifies the place; blank years remain gaps.

Open all 42 dated years and their entries

The life

Mahmud Es'ad Paşa was born in Izmir (İzmir) in 1837/38 (AH 1253). The father’s occupation was İlmiye mensubu. Schooling included Bayezid Rüşdiyesi; Paris Mekteb-i Osmanî. The language repertoire included Arabic, French, Persian and Turkish.^[source]

Service began in Istanbul (Dersaadet) in 1849/50 (AH 1266). Dated career entries span 1849/50 (AH 1266) to 1894/95 (AH 1312) across 42 AH years, from Istanbul (Dersaadet) to Paris, beginning with Dîvân-ı Hümâyun Kalemi mülazımı and ending with entries for Paris büyükelçisi. More than one post or place appears in 3 of those years. Place names include Istanbul (Dersaadet), Paris, Petersburg and Peste and 4 other named places.^[1]

Monthly pay went from 180 kuruş in 1853/54 (AH 1270) to 15,000 kuruş in 1894/95 (AH 1312); the highest recorded monthly rate is 45,000 kuruş in 1877/78 (AH 1294).^[1]

Personal record

Birth: Izmir (İzmir) · 1837/38 (AH 1253)^[source]
Father’s occupation: İlmiye mensubu^[source]
Education: Bayezid Rüşdiyesi; Paris Mekteb-i Osmanî^[source]
First work: 1849/50 (AH 1266) · Istanbul (Dersaadet)^[source]
Age at first work: 13^[source]Calculated year-label differences and source-stated ages are distinguished; alternatives remain visible.
Apprenticeship: 4^[source]Duration as recorded; the interval is not dated here.

Career in numbers

42
Dated AH years: 8
Career place names: 1
Entries without a resolved year: 36
Salary years: 180 → 15,000
Annual series: first → last kuruş/month: 45,000
Peak in annual series, kuruş/month: 99.0%
Peers paid less in last year

About these numbers

Dated AH years. Across career and documentary records; not tenure.
Career place names. Distinct place labels; some may not be mapped.
Entries without a resolved year. The original calendar wording remains available without inventing an annual year.
Salary years. One highest recorded monthly rate per official-year; gaps are blank.
Annual series: first → last kuruş/month. 1853/54 (AH 1270) to 1894/95 (AH 1312); nominal rates in observed years.
Peak in annual series, kuruş/month. 1877/78 (AH 1294)
Peers paid less in last year. Share of other officials in the annual salary reference with lower pay in 1894/95 (AH 1312).

Life and career

Complete chronology & sources →

Follow 19 dated stages in the life. Choose a year in the life ribbon below the map. Places and earlier connections accumulate as you advance; All stops reveals the overview.

● Birth○ First work● Career→ Earlier recorded connections

Stage 1 of 19 · Izmir (İzmir)

How to read this map

Connections join located entries in chronological stages; other recorded places stay in the text. Dashed connections pass intervening stages without a map position. They do not document a travel route or continuous service.

Entries within the same AH year are not ordered. Stages with more than one located locality remain unconnected; each source place stays visible.

3 stops kept as text without a verified locality point. No provincial capital is substituted.

1
1837/38 (AH 1253)
Izmir (İzmir)
1. Birth
  Personal record & evidence →
2
1849/50 (AH 1266)
Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Within-year entry order unresolved
1. First work as recorded
  Calculated age 13
  Personal record & evidence →
2. Dîvân-ı Hümâyun Kalemi mülazımı
  Calculated age 13
  Entry & evidence →[1]
3
1850/51 (AH 1267) · 4 recorded years
Istanbul (Dersaadet)
AH entries: 1267, 1268, 1269, 1270. Gaps remain open.
Within-year entry order unresolved
1. Dîvân-ı Hümâyun Kalemi mülazımı
  Calculated age 14
  Continuing service as described
  Entry & evidence →[1]
2. Bâbıâli Tercüme Odası mülazımı
  180 kuruşCalculated age 17
  Entry & evidence →[1]
All 5 recorded entries in this stage →
4
1854/55 (AH 1271)
Istanbul (Dersaadet) / Paris
Within-year entry order unresolved
1. Istanbul (Dersaadet)
  Bâbıâli Tercüme Odası hizmeti (İnfisal)
  Calculated age 18
  Entry & evidence →[1]
2. Paris
  Paris Mekteb-i Osmanî tahsili
  Calculated age 18
  Entry & evidence →[1]
5
1857/58 (AH 1274) · 2 recorded years
Petersburg
AH entries: 1274, 1275. Gaps remain open.
Not yet located on the map: Petersburg
1. Petersburg Sefareti kâtibi
  3,000 kuruşCalculated age 21
  Entry & evidence →[1]
2. Petersburg Sefareti kâtibi
  3,000 kuruşCalculated age 22
  Continuing service as described
  Entry & evidence →[1]
6
1859/60 (AH 1276)
Istanbul (Dersaadet) / Place not recorded
Within-year entry order unresolved
Not yet located on the map: Location not recorded
1. Istanbul (Dersaadet)
  Petersburg Sefareti kâtibi
  Calculated age 23
  Entry & evidence →[1]
2. Istanbul (Dersaadet)
  Bâbıâli Tercüme Odası memuru
  930 kuruşCalculated age 23
  Entry & evidence →[1]
All 4 recorded entries in this stage →
7
1860/61 (AH 1277)
Istanbul (Dersaadet)
1. Bâbıâli Tercüme Odası memuru
  930 kuruşCalculated age 24
  Continuing service as described
  Entry & evidence →[1]
8
1861/62 (AH 1278) · 7 recorded years
Paris
AH entries: 1278, 1279, 1280, 1281, 1282, 1283, 1284. Gaps remain open.
1. Paris Sefareti ikinci kâtibi
  2,000 kuruşCalculated age 25
  Entry & evidence →[1]
2. Paris Sefareti başkâtibi
  3,000 kuruşCalculated age 31
  Entry & evidence →[1]
All 7 recorded entries in this stage →
9
1868/69 (AH 1285)
Istanbul (Dersaadet)
1. İkinci mütercim
  3,810 kuruşCalculated age 32
  Entry & evidence →[1]
10
1869/70 (AH 1286) · 2 recorded years
Peste
AH entries: 1286, 1287. Gaps remain open.
1. Peşte başşehbenderi
  7,500 kuruşCalculated age 33
  Entry & evidence →[1]
2. Peşte başşehbenderi
  7,500 kuruşCalculated age 34
  Continuing service as described
  Entry & evidence →[1]
11
1871/72 (AH 1288) · 2 recorded years
Pazar (Atina)
AH entries: 1288, 1289. Gaps remain open.
1. Atina ortaelçisi
  20,000 kuruşCalculated age 35
  Entry & evidence →[1]
2. Atina ortaelçisi
  20,000 kuruşCalculated age 36
  Continuing service as described
  Entry & evidence →[1]
12
1873/74 (AH 1290)
Pazar (Atina) / Place not recorded
Within-year entry order unresolved
Not yet located on the map: Location not recorded
1. Pazar (Atina)
  Atina ortaelçisi (İnfisal)
  Calculated age 37
  Entry & evidence →[1]
2. Place not recorded
  Mazulen ikamet
  Calculated age 37
  Entry & evidence →[1]
13
1876/77 (AH 1293)
Roma
Not yet located on the map: Roma
1. Roma ortaelçisi
  30,000 kuruşCalculated age 40
  Entry & evidence →[1]
14
1877/78 (AH 1294)
Viyana
Not yet located on the map: Viyana
1. Viyana büyükelçisi
  45,000 kuruşCalculated age 41
  Entry & evidence →[1]
15
1878 (AH 1295)
Istanbul (Dersaadet)
1. Hariciye Nezareti müsteşarı
  14,000 kuruşCalculated age 42
  Entry & evidence →[1]
16
1879/80 (AH 1297)
Paris
1. Paris sefiri
  36,000 kuruşCalculated age 44
  Entry & evidence →[1]
17
1880/81 (AH 1298)
Paris / Madrid
Within-year entry order unresolved
Not yet located on the map: Madrid
1. Paris
  Paris sefiri
  36,000 kuruşCalculated age 45
  Continuing service as described
  Entry & evidence →[1]
2. Madrid
  Madrid özel görevi
  Calculated age 45
  Entry & evidence →[1]
18
1881/82 (AH 1299) · 13 recorded years
Paris
AH entries: 1299, 1300, 1301, 1302, 1303, 1304, 1305, 1306, 1307, 1308, 1309, 1310, 1311. Gaps remain open.
Within-year entry order unresolved
1. Paris sefiri
  36,000 kuruşCalculated age 46
  Continuing service as described
  Entry & evidence →[1]
2. Paris büyükelçisi
  Calculated age 58
  Entry & evidence →[1]
All 15 recorded entries in this stage →
19
1894/95 (AH 1312)
Paris / Istanbul (Dersaadet) / Place not recorded
Within-year entry order unresolved
Not yet located on the map: Location not recorded
1. Paris
  Paris büyükelçisi
  Calculated age 59
  Continuing service as described
  Entry & evidence →[1]
2. Place not recorded
  Mazuliyet
  15,000 kuruşCalculated age 59
  Entry & evidence →[1]
All 3 recorded entries in this stage →

1 entry without a resolved year

These entries remain outside the dated sequence. Their position in the life cannot be established from the recorded year field.

Hariciye Nezareti müsteşarı (İnfisal) · Istanbul (Dersaadet) · Undated Entry & evidence → Source [1]

Gregorian spans accompany recorded AH years; exact dates retain their cited wording. Stated ages are labelled; other ages are calculated only within the same recorded calendar. Missing amounts remain unrecorded; zero remains zero.

Pay over time

Pay in its time

Current collection salary comparison

Dated AH salary records of the currently selected officials; undated evidence remains in the chronology.

Monthly rate and same-year salariesNominal monthly kuruş · log scale · annual entries only

Relative pay percentileShare of other annual-entry officials paid less

Use Enter, Space or ← / → on a salary point, or click the percentile panel to choose the nearest observed AH year. All yearly values appear below.

Marks show observed AH years only; gaps remain blank and no line implies continuous pay or service. The reference range includes the focal official when they are in the sample.

How the comparison is calculated

One highest recorded salary per official and AH year. Same-year medians, nearest-rank 10th and 90th percentiles, and relative standing are recomputed from the selected collection.

Amounts are nominal monthly kuruş in years with a recorded salary. Gaps are left blank; values are not adjusted for prices. Explicitly unpaid zero entries remain in the chronology and are omitted from logarithmic salary plots.

View the yearly values

Monthly nominal kuruş. “Paid less” is the share of other officials in the same-year annual-entry sample with lower recorded pay; N is official-year observations.
AH year	Official rate	Sample median	Sample p10 to p90	Paid less	N
1853/54 (AH 1270)	180	400	100 to 3,000	23.8%	64
1857/58 (AH 1274)	3,000	400	100 to 3,000	88.4%	96
1858/59 (AH 1275)	3,000	500	150 to 5,000	86.5%	105
1859/60 (AH 1276)	930	500	150 to 3,350	70.9%	111
1860/61 (AH 1277)	930	500	150 to 3,000	69.9%	134
1861/62 (AH 1278)	2,000	500	150 to 3,000	81.9%	161
1862/63 (AH 1279)	2,000	400	140 to 3,000	83.7%	197
1863/64 (AH 1280)	2,000	475	125 to 3,000	81.4%	232
1864/65 (AH 1281)	2,000	400	125 to 3,000	84.5%	253
1865/66 (AH 1282)	2,000	400	150 to 2,000	88.2%	341
1866/67 (AH 1283)	2,000	400	146 to 2,000	88.7%	399
1867/68 (AH 1284)	3,000	458	150 to 2,500	90.5%	435
1868/69 (AH 1285)	3,810	475	150 to 3,000	92.3%	505
1869/70 (AH 1286)	7,500	400	150 to 2,250	96.2%	609
1870/71 (AH 1287)	7,500	400	150 to 2,000	96.8%	649
1871/72 (AH 1288)	20,000	420.5	125 to 2,375	98.5%	712
1872/73 (AH 1289)	20,000	450	140 to 2,350	98.8%	736
1876/77 (AH 1293)	30,000	420	150 to 2,000	99.4%	1102
1877/78 (AH 1294)	45,000	450	150 to 1,800	99.7%	1160
1878 (AH 1295)	14,000	450	150 to 2,000	98.3%	1196
1879/80 (AH 1297)	36,000	400	180 to 1,800	99.8%	1534
1880/81 (AH 1298)	36,000	400	160 to 1,500	100.0%	1448
1881/82 (AH 1299)	36,000	400	150 to 1,500	100.0%	1489
1882/83 (AH 1300)	36,000	400	150 to 1,400	99.9%	1655
1883/84 (AH 1301)	36,000	400	150 to 1,400	99.9%	1720
1884/85 (AH 1302)	36,000	400	150 to 1,500	99.9%	1748
1885/86 (AH 1303)	20,500	400	150 to 1,500	99.5%	1787
1886/87 (AH 1304)	20,500	400	150 to 1,500	99.6%	1725
1887/88 (AH 1305)	20,500	400	150 to 1,500	99.6%	1762
1888/89 (AH 1306)	20,500	400	135 to 1,500	99.7%	1797
1889/90 (AH 1307)	20,500	400	130 to 1,500	99.6%	1874
1890/91 (AH 1308)	20,500	400	125 to 1,500	99.5%	1896
1891/92 (AH 1309)	20,500	400	140 to 1,600	99.5%	1927
1892/93 (AH 1310)	20,500	400	135 to 1,500	99.6%	1935
1893/94 (AH 1311)	20,500	400	140 to 1,400	99.6%	1929
1894/95 (AH 1312)	15,000	400	140 to 1,500	99.0%	2004

Career patterns and pay

Recorded pay over the career

Kuruş · dated amounts

Open every recorded amount and its year

Open the pay figure and complete career

Select an amount for its date, post, place and age.

● Post entry● Retirement● Other status

Dated rates and labelled continuing-service entries, not total annual earnings. Missing amounts remain blank; zero remains zero.

Where the career is recorded

Distinct AH years with career entries

Paris24
1854 to 1895 (AH 1271 to 1312)
Istanbul (Dersaadet)9
1849 to 1878 (AH 1266 to 1295)
Pazar (Atina)2
1871 to 1873 (AH 1288 to 1289)
Peste2
1869 to 1871 (AH 1286 to 1287)
Petersburg2
1857 to 1859 (AH 1274 to 1275)
Madrid1
1880/81 (AH 1298)

The six most recorded places. Gaps do not count as service. One year can have entries in several places.

Amounts recorded by place

Kuruş · smallest to largest dated rate

Paris2,000 to 36,000
Istanbul (Dersaadet)180 to 14,000
Pazar (Atina)20,000
Peste7,500
Petersburg3,000
Roma30,000

Six places with the most recorded career years. Ranges retain different rates and source assertions. Retirement amounts are separate from post pay.

Titles across the recorded years

Distinct AH years with each recorded title

Paris büyükelçisi11
1884 to 1895 (AH 1302 to 1312)
Paris Sefareti ikinci kâtibi6
1861 to 1867 (AH 1278 to 1283)
Paris sefiri6
1879 to 1885 (AH 1297 to 1302)
Dîvân-ı Hümâyun Kalemi mülazımı4
1849 to 1853 (AH 1266 to 1269)
Petersburg Sefareti kâtibi3
1857 to 1860 (AH 1274 to 1276)
Atina ortaelçisi2
1871 to 1873 (AH 1288 to 1289)

The most recorded title wordings. A year may include more than one title; these counts do not establish promotions or continuous tenure.

Related officials in the salary reference

Izmir (İzmir)22 other officialsASADOR EFENDİ born 1835/36 (AH 1251); no salary recorded
Paris25 other officialsAli Ferruh Bey 6 shared years; highest salary 3,000 kuruş
1849/50 (AH 1266)23 other officialsMehmed Raif Efendi first entry in Istanbul; highest salary 30,000 kuruş

All related groups and salary ranks

Education and personal record

Schooling Bayezid Rüşdiyesi; Paris Mekteb-i Osmanî^[source]

Language skills and historical terms

Kitâbet means writing; tekellüm means speaking; âşinâ means familiarity.

Arabic · Aşina^[source]
French · Kitâbet^[source]
Persian · Aşina^[source]
Turkish · Kitâbet^[source]

Honours and other personal details

Judicial record indicator (recorded code): 0 (recorded code)^[source]
Judicial record as worded: 0 (recorded code)^[source]

All personal fields and their sources

Read every original personal field and its sources →

Sources and evidence

Sultan II. Abdülhamid Dönemi Osmanlı sefirlerinin tercüme-i halli
İBRAHİM DENİZ · 2021 · Pages 79, 80, 81
BOA. DH.SAİD.d. 1/303; 74BOA. DH.SAİD.d. 1/303; BOA. DH.SAİD.d. 1/303

Read the original source accounts · 54 source entries →

The chronology groups compatible entries for reading. Each original account remains available with its wording, dates, amounts and archival reference.

Yearly entries and their source passages · 42 dated AH years

Read the complete chronology and its documentary sources

Annual salary study and register readings

The separate annual salary reference account has 53 entries. Its maps, salary comparisons, register readings and original values remain available in the study view.

Open the salary study and register readings →

How to read the records

The life

Life and career

Birth

First work as recorded

Bâbıâli Tercüme Odası hizmeti (İnfisal)

Atina ortaelçisi (İnfisal)

Mazuliyet