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Ottoman BureaucracyPeople, places and careers in Ottoman public service
Dedicated toCarter V. Findley
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Haydar Hocazâde Ahmed Zahid Efendi

Complete career chronology

Life and career

Appointments and amounts remain attached to their sources. Stated ages are labelled; other ages are calculated from AH year labels. Entries in one year can describe different appointments or rates; gaps remain open.

  1. 1868/69 (AH 1285)Rüsumat kâtibiBanja Luka (Banaluka) · 190 kuruş

    1. Rüsumat kâtibi

      Banja Luka (Banaluka) · Calculated age 20 · 190 kuruş

      [1]

  2. 1869/70 (AH 1286)Rüsumat kâtibiBanja Luka (Banaluka) · 190 kuruşContinuing service described by the source

    1. Rüsumat kâtibi

      Banja Luka (Banaluka) · Calculated age 21 · 190 kuruş

      Continuing service described by the source

      [1]

  3. 1870/71 (AH 1287)Rüsumat kâtibi · 2 career entriesBanja Luka (Banaluka) · Sava · 190; 380 kuruş

    1. Rüsumat kâtibi

      Banja Luka (Banaluka) · Calculated age 22 · 190 kuruş

      Continuing service described by the source

      [1]

    2. Rüsumat Müdürlüğü ikinci kâtibi

      Sava · Calculated age 22 · 380 kuruş

      [1]

  4. 1871/72 (AH 1288)Rüsumat Müdürlüğü ikinci kâtibiSava · 380 kuruşContinuing service described by the source

    1. Rüsumat Müdürlüğü ikinci kâtibi

      Sava · Calculated age 23 · 380 kuruş

      Continuing service described by the source

      [1]

  5. 1872/73 (AH 1289)Rüsumat Müdürlüğü ikinci kâtibi · 3 career entriesSava · Banja Luka (Banaluka) · 190; 380 kuruş

    1. Rüsumat Müdürlüğü ikinci kâtibi

      Sava · Calculated age 24 · 380 kuruş

      Continuing service described by the source

      [1]

    3. Ticaret Mahkemesi kâtibi

      Banja Luka (Banaluka) · Calculated age 24 · 190 kuruş

      [1]

  6. 1873/74 (AH 1290)Ticaret Mahkemesi kâtibi · 2 career entriesBanja Luka (Banaluka) · Gradiška (Gradişka) · 190; 380 kuruş

    1. Ticaret Mahkemesi kâtibi

      Banja Luka (Banaluka) · Calculated age 25 · 190 kuruş

      Continuing service described by the source

      [1]

    2. Mal Müdürü

      Gradiška (Gradişka) · Calculated age 25 · 380 kuruş

      [1]

  7. 1874/75 (AH 1291)Mal MüdürüGradiška (Gradişka) · 380 kuruşContinuing service described by the source

    1. Mal Müdürü

      Gradiška (Gradişka) · Calculated age 26 · 380 kuruş

      Continuing service described by the source

      [1]

  8. 1875/76 (AH 1292)Mal Müdürü · 2 career entriesGradiška (Gradişka) · Zvornik (İzvornik) · 380; 710 kuruş

    1. Mal Müdürü

      Gradiška (Gradişka) · Calculated age 27 · 380 kuruş

      Continuing service described by the source

      [1]

  9. 1876/77 (AH 1293)Meclis-i Temyiz Hukuk başkâtibiZvornik (İzvornik) · 710 kuruşContinuing service described by the source

    1. Meclis-i Temyiz Hukuk başkâtibi

      Zvornik (İzvornik) · Calculated age 28 · 710 kuruş

      Continuing service described by the source

      [1]

  10. 1877/78 (AH 1294)Meclis-i Temyiz Hukuk başkâtibiZvornik (İzvornik) · 710 kuruşContinuing service described by the source

    1. Meclis-i Temyiz Hukuk başkâtibi

      Zvornik (İzvornik) · Calculated age 29 · 710 kuruş

      Continuing service described by the source

      [1]

  11. 1878 (AH 1295)Meclis-i Temyiz Hukuk başkâtibiZvornik (İzvornik) · 710 kuruşContinuing service described by the source

    1. Meclis-i Temyiz Hukuk başkâtibi

      Zvornik (İzvornik) · Calculated age 30 · 710 kuruş

      Continuing service described by the source

      [1]

  12. 1878/79 (AH 1296)Meclis-i Temyiz Hukuk başkâtibi · 3 career entriesZvornik (İzvornik) · Tekirdağ · 710 kuruş

    1. Meclis-i Temyiz Hukuk başkâtibi

      Zvornik (İzvornik) · Calculated age 31 · 710 kuruş

      Continuing service described by the source

      [1]

    2. Meclis-i Temyiz Hukuk başkâtibi (İnfisal)

      Zvornik (İzvornik) · Calculated age 31

      [1]

  13. 1879/80 (AH 1297)Bidayet Mahkemesi mukavelat muharriri · 2 career entriesTekirdağ · 600 kuruş

    1. Bidayet Mahkemesi mukavelat muharriri

      Tekirdağ · Calculated age 32

      Continuing service described by the source

      [1]

  14. 1880/81 (AH 1298)Bidayet Mahkemesi Hukuk ve Ceza daireleri başkâtibiTekirdağ · 600 kuruşContinuing service described by the source

    1. Bidayet Mahkemesi Hukuk ve Ceza daireleri başkâtibi

      Tekirdağ · Calculated age 33 · 600 kuruş

      Continuing service described by the source

      [1]

  15. 1881/82 (AH 1299)Bidayet Mahkemesi Hukuk ve Ceza daireleri başkâtibiTekirdağ · 600 kuruşContinuing service described by the source

    1. Bidayet Mahkemesi Hukuk ve Ceza daireleri başkâtibi

      Tekirdağ · Calculated age 34 · 600 kuruş

      Continuing service described by the source

      [1]

  16. 1882/83 (AH 1300)Bidayet Mahkemesi Hukuk ve Ceza daireleri başkâtibiTekirdağ · 600 kuruşContinuing service described by the source

    1. Bidayet Mahkemesi Hukuk ve Ceza daireleri başkâtibi

      Tekirdağ · Calculated age 35 · 600 kuruş

      Continuing service described by the source

      [1]

  17. 1883/84 (AH 1301)Bidayet Mahkemesi Hukuk ve Ceza daireleri başkâtibi · 2 career entriesTekirdağ · 600; 1,400 kuruş

    1. Bidayet Mahkemesi Hukuk ve Ceza daireleri başkâtibi

      Tekirdağ · Calculated age 36 · 600 kuruş

      Continuing service described by the source

      [1]

    2. Müddeiumumi muavini

      Tekirdağ · Calculated age 36 · 1,400 kuruş

      [1]

  18. 1884/85 (AH 1302)Müddeiumumi muaviniTekirdağ · 1,400 kuruşContinuing service described by the source

    1. Müddeiumumi muavini

      Tekirdağ · Calculated age 37 · 1,400 kuruş

      Continuing service described by the source

      [1]

  19. 1885/86 (AH 1303)Müddeiumumi muaviniTekirdağ · 1,400 kuruşContinuing service described by the source

    1. Müddeiumumi muavini

      Tekirdağ · Calculated age 38 · 1,400 kuruş

      Continuing service described by the source

      [1]

  20. 1886/87 (AH 1304)Müddeiumumi muaviniTekirdağ · Komotini (Gümülcine) · 1,400 kuruş

    1. Müddeiumumi muavini

      Tekirdağ · Calculated age 39 · 1,400 kuruş

      Continuing service described by the source

      [1]

    2. Müddeiumumi muavini

      Komotini (Gümülcine) · Calculated age 39 · 1,400 kuruş

      [1]

  21. 1887/88 (AH 1305)Müddeiumumi muaviniKomotini (Gümülcine) · 1,400 kuruşContinuing service described by the source

    1. Müddeiumumi muavini

      Komotini (Gümülcine) · Calculated age 40 · 1,400 kuruş

      Continuing service described by the source

      [1]

  22. 1888/89 (AH 1306)Müddeiumumi muavini · 2 career entriesKomotini (Gümülcine) · Alexandroupoli (Dedeağaç) · 1,400 kuruş

    1. Müddeiumumi muavini

      Komotini (Gümülcine) · Calculated age 41 · 1,400 kuruş

      Continuing service described by the source

      [1]

  23. 1889/90 (AH 1307)Bidayet Mahkemesi müddeiumumi muaviniAlexandroupoli (Dedeağaç) · 1,400 kuruşContinuing service described by the source

    1. Bidayet Mahkemesi müddeiumumi muavini

      Alexandroupoli (Dedeağaç) · Calculated age 42 · 1,400 kuruş

      Continuing service described by the source

      [1]

  24. 1890/91 (AH 1308)Bidayet Mahkemesi müddeiumumi muaviniAlexandroupoli (Dedeağaç) · 1,400 kuruşContinuing service described by the source

    1. Bidayet Mahkemesi müddeiumumi muavini

      Alexandroupoli (Dedeağaç) · Calculated age 43 · 1,400 kuruş

      Continuing service described by the source

      [1]

  25. 1891/92 (AH 1309)Bidayet Mahkemesi müddeiumumi muaviniAlexandroupoli (Dedeağaç) · 1,400 kuruşContinuing service described by the source

    1. Bidayet Mahkemesi müddeiumumi muavini

      Alexandroupoli (Dedeağaç) · Calculated age 44 · 1,400 kuruş

      Continuing service described by the source

      [1]

  26. 1892/93 (AH 1310)Bidayet Mahkemesi müddeiumumi muaviniAlexandroupoli (Dedeağaç) · 1,400 kuruşContinuing service described by the source

    1. Bidayet Mahkemesi müddeiumumi muavini

      Alexandroupoli (Dedeağaç) · Calculated age 45 · 1,400 kuruş

      Continuing service described by the source

      [1]

  27. 1893/94 (AH 1311)Bidayet Mahkemesi müddeiumumi muaviniAlexandroupoli (Dedeağaç) · 1,400 kuruşContinuing service described by the source

    1. Bidayet Mahkemesi müddeiumumi muavini

      Alexandroupoli (Dedeağaç) · Calculated age 46 · 1,400 kuruş

      Continuing service described by the source

      [1]

  28. 1894/95 (AH 1312)Bidayet Mahkemesi müddeiumumi muaviniAlexandroupoli (Dedeağaç) · 1,400 kuruşContinuing service described by the source

    1. Bidayet Mahkemesi müddeiumumi muavini

      Alexandroupoli (Dedeağaç) · Calculated age 47 · 1,400 kuruş

      Continuing service described by the source

      [1]

  29. 1895/96 (AH 1313)Bidayet Mahkemesi müddeiumumi muaviniAlexandroupoli (Dedeağaç) · 1,400 kuruşContinuing service described by the source

    1. Bidayet Mahkemesi müddeiumumi muavini

      Alexandroupoli (Dedeağaç) · Calculated age 48 · 1,400 kuruş

      Continuing service described by the source

      [1]

  30. 1896/97 (AH 1314)Bidayet Mahkemesi müddeiumumi muaviniAlexandroupoli (Dedeağaç) · Gümüşhane · 1,260; 1,400 kuruş

    1. Bidayet Mahkemesi müddeiumumi muavini

      Alexandroupoli (Dedeağaç) · Calculated age 49 · 1,400 kuruş

      Continuing service described by the source

      [1]

    2. Bidayet Mahkemesi müddeiumumi muavini

      Gümüşhane · Calculated age 49 · 1,400 kuruş

      [1]

    3. Bidayet Mahkemesi müddeiumumi muavini

      Gümüşhane · Calculated age 49 · 1,260 kuruş

      [1]

  31. 1897/98 (AH 1315)Bidayet Mahkemesi müddeiumumi muaviniGümüşhane · 1,260 kuruşContinuing service described by the source

    1. Bidayet Mahkemesi müddeiumumi muavini

      Gümüşhane · Calculated age 50 · 1,260 kuruş

      Continuing service described by the source

      [1]

  32. 1898/99 (AH 1316)Bidayet Mahkemesi müddeiumumi muavini · 2 career entriesGümüşhane · Preveza (Preveze) · 1,260 kuruş

    1. Bidayet Mahkemesi müddeiumumi muavini

      Gümüşhane · Calculated age 51 · 1,260 kuruş

      Continuing service described by the source

      [1]

  33. 1899/1900 (AH 1317)Bidayet Mahkemesi Ceza Dairesi reisiPreveza (Preveze) · 1,260 kuruşContinuing service described by the source

    1. Bidayet Mahkemesi Ceza Dairesi reisi

      Preveza (Preveze) · Calculated age 52 · 1,260 kuruş

      Continuing service described by the source

      [1]

  34. 1900/01 (AH 1318)Bidayet Mahkemesi Ceza Dairesi reisiPreveza (Preveze) · 1,260 kuruşContinuing service described by the source

    1. Bidayet Mahkemesi Ceza Dairesi reisi

      Preveza (Preveze) · Calculated age 53 · 1,260 kuruş

      Continuing service described by the source

      [1]

  35. 1901/02 (AH 1319)Bidayet Mahkemesi Ceza Dairesi reisiPreveza (Preveze) · 1,260 kuruşContinuing service described by the source

    1. Bidayet Mahkemesi Ceza Dairesi reisi

      Preveza (Preveze) · Calculated age 54 · 1,260 kuruş

      Continuing service described by the source

      [1]

  36. 1902/03 (AH 1320)Bidayet Mahkemesi Ceza Dairesi reisiPreveza (Preveze) · 1,260 kuruşContinuing service described by the source

    1. Bidayet Mahkemesi Ceza Dairesi reisi

      Preveza (Preveze) · Calculated age 55 · 1,260 kuruş

      Continuing service described by the source

      [1]

  37. 1903/04 (AH 1321)Bidayet Mahkemesi Ceza Dairesi reisiPreveza (Preveze) · 1,260 kuruşContinuing service described by the source

    1. Bidayet Mahkemesi Ceza Dairesi reisi

      Preveza (Preveze) · Calculated age 56 · 1,260 kuruş

      Continuing service described by the source

      [1]

  38. 1904/05 (AH 1322)Bidayet Mahkemesi Ceza Dairesi reisiPreveza (Preveze) · 1,260 kuruşContinuing service described by the source

    1. Bidayet Mahkemesi Ceza Dairesi reisi

      Preveza (Preveze) · Calculated age 57 · 1,260 kuruş

      Continuing service described by the source

      [1]

  39. 1905/06 (AH 1323)Bidayet Mahkemesi Ceza Dairesi reisiPreveza (Preveze) · 1,260 kuruşContinuing service described by the source

    1. Bidayet Mahkemesi Ceza Dairesi reisi

      Preveza (Preveze) · Calculated age 58 · 1,260 kuruş

      Continuing service described by the source

      [1]

  40. 1906/07 (AH 1324)Bidayet Mahkemesi Ceza Dairesi reisi · 2 career entriesPreveza (Preveze) · Shkodër (İşkodra) · 1,260; 2,000 kuruş

    1. Bidayet Mahkemesi Ceza Dairesi reisi

      Preveza (Preveze) · Calculated age 59 · 1,260 kuruş

      Continuing service described by the source

      [1]

Recorded pay

Kuruş · dated amounts. Green: post entries. Purple: retirement. Grey: other career status.

01,0002,0001868/69AH 12851906/07AH 13241868/69 (AH 1285) · Rüsumat kâtibi · Banja Luka (Banaluka) · age 20 · 190 kuruş1869/70 (AH 1286) · Rüsumat kâtibi · Banja Luka (Banaluka) · age 21 · 190 kuruş · Source-bounded service1870/71 (AH 1287) · Rüsumat kâtibi · Banja Luka (Banaluka) · age 22 · 190 kuruş · Source-bounded service1870/71 (AH 1287) · Rüsumat Müdürlüğü ikinci kâtibi · Sava · age 22 · 380 kuruş1871/72 (AH 1288) · Rüsumat Müdürlüğü ikinci kâtibi · Sava · age 23 · 380 kuruş · Source-bounded service1872/73 (AH 1289) · Rüsumat Müdürlüğü ikinci kâtibi · Sava · age 24 · 380 kuruş · Source-bounded service1872/73 (AH 1289) · Ticaret Mahkemesi kâtibi · Banja Luka (Banaluka) · age 24 · 190 kuruş1873/74 (AH 1290) · Ticaret Mahkemesi kâtibi · Banja Luka (Banaluka) · age 25 · 190 kuruş · Source-bounded service1873/74 (AH 1290) · Mal Müdürü · Gradiška (Gradişka) · age 25 · 380 kuruş1874/75 (AH 1291) · Mal Müdürü · Gradiška (Gradişka) · age 26 · 380 kuruş · Source-bounded service1875/76 (AH 1292) · Mal Müdürü · Gradiška (Gradişka) · age 27 · 380 kuruş · Source-bounded service1875/76 (AH 1292) · Meclis-i Temyiz Hukuk başkâtibi · Zvornik (İzvornik) · age 27 · 710 kuruş1876/77 (AH 1293) · Meclis-i Temyiz Hukuk başkâtibi · Zvornik (İzvornik) · age 28 · 710 kuruş · Source-bounded service1877/78 (AH 1294) · Meclis-i Temyiz Hukuk başkâtibi · Zvornik (İzvornik) · age 29 · 710 kuruş · Source-bounded service1878 (AH 1295) · Meclis-i Temyiz Hukuk başkâtibi · Zvornik (İzvornik) · age 30 · 710 kuruş · Source-bounded service1878/79 (AH 1296) · Meclis-i Temyiz Hukuk başkâtibi · Zvornik (İzvornik) · age 31 · 710 kuruş · Source-bounded service1879/80 (AH 1297) · Bidayet Mahkemesi Hukuk ve Ceza daireleri başkâtibi · Tekirdağ · age 32 · 600 kuruş1880/81 (AH 1298) · Bidayet Mahkemesi Hukuk ve Ceza daireleri başkâtibi · Tekirdağ · age 33 · 600 kuruş · Source-bounded service1881/82 (AH 1299) · Bidayet Mahkemesi Hukuk ve Ceza daireleri başkâtibi · Tekirdağ · age 34 · 600 kuruş · Source-bounded service1882/83 (AH 1300) · Bidayet Mahkemesi Hukuk ve Ceza daireleri başkâtibi · Tekirdağ · age 35 · 600 kuruş · Source-bounded service1883/84 (AH 1301) · Bidayet Mahkemesi Hukuk ve Ceza daireleri başkâtibi · Tekirdağ · age 36 · 600 kuruş · Source-bounded service1883/84 (AH 1301) · Müddeiumumi muavini · Tekirdağ · age 36 · 1,400 kuruş1884/85 (AH 1302) · Müddeiumumi muavini · Tekirdağ · age 37 · 1,400 kuruş · Source-bounded service1885/86 (AH 1303) · Müddeiumumi muavini · Tekirdağ · age 38 · 1,400 kuruş · Source-bounded service1886/87 (AH 1304) · Müddeiumumi muavini · Tekirdağ · age 39 · 1,400 kuruş · Source-bounded service1886/87 (AH 1304) · Müddeiumumi muavini · Komotini (Gümülcine) · age 39 · 1,400 kuruş1887/88 (AH 1305) · Müddeiumumi muavini · Komotini (Gümülcine) · age 40 · 1,400 kuruş · Source-bounded service1888/89 (AH 1306) · Müddeiumumi muavini · Komotini (Gümülcine) · age 41 · 1,400 kuruş · Source-bounded service1888/89 (AH 1306) · Bidayet Mahkemesi müddeiumumi muavini · Alexandroupoli (Dedeağaç) · age 41 · 1,400 kuruş1889/90 (AH 1307) · Bidayet Mahkemesi müddeiumumi muavini · Alexandroupoli (Dedeağaç) · age 42 · 1,400 kuruş · Source-bounded service1890/91 (AH 1308) · Bidayet Mahkemesi müddeiumumi muavini · Alexandroupoli (Dedeağaç) · age 43 · 1,400 kuruş · Source-bounded service1891/92 (AH 1309) · Bidayet Mahkemesi müddeiumumi muavini · Alexandroupoli (Dedeağaç) · age 44 · 1,400 kuruş · Source-bounded service1892/93 (AH 1310) · Bidayet Mahkemesi müddeiumumi muavini · Alexandroupoli (Dedeağaç) · age 45 · 1,400 kuruş · Source-bounded service1893/94 (AH 1311) · Bidayet Mahkemesi müddeiumumi muavini · Alexandroupoli (Dedeağaç) · age 46 · 1,400 kuruş · Source-bounded service1894/95 (AH 1312) · Bidayet Mahkemesi müddeiumumi muavini · Alexandroupoli (Dedeağaç) · age 47 · 1,400 kuruş · Source-bounded service1895/96 (AH 1313) · Bidayet Mahkemesi müddeiumumi muavini · Alexandroupoli (Dedeağaç) · age 48 · 1,400 kuruş · Source-bounded service1896/97 (AH 1314) · Bidayet Mahkemesi müddeiumumi muavini · Alexandroupoli (Dedeağaç) · age 49 · 1,400 kuruş · Source-bounded service1896/97 (AH 1314) · Bidayet Mahkemesi müddeiumumi muavini · Gümüşhane · age 49 · 1,400 kuruş1896/97 (AH 1314) · Bidayet Mahkemesi müddeiumumi muavini · Gümüşhane · age 49 · 1,260 kuruş1897/98 (AH 1315) · Bidayet Mahkemesi müddeiumumi muavini · Gümüşhane · age 50 · 1,260 kuruş · Source-bounded service1898/99 (AH 1316) · Bidayet Mahkemesi müddeiumumi muavini · Gümüşhane · age 51 · 1,260 kuruş · Source-bounded service1898/99 (AH 1316) · Bidayet Mahkemesi Ceza Dairesi reisi · Preveza (Preveze) · age 51 · 1,260 kuruş1899/1900 (AH 1317) · Bidayet Mahkemesi Ceza Dairesi reisi · Preveza (Preveze) · age 52 · 1,260 kuruş · Source-bounded service1900/01 (AH 1318) · Bidayet Mahkemesi Ceza Dairesi reisi · Preveza (Preveze) · age 53 · 1,260 kuruş · Source-bounded service1901/02 (AH 1319) · Bidayet Mahkemesi Ceza Dairesi reisi · Preveza (Preveze) · age 54 · 1,260 kuruş · Source-bounded service1902/03 (AH 1320) · Bidayet Mahkemesi Ceza Dairesi reisi · Preveza (Preveze) · age 55 · 1,260 kuruş · Source-bounded service1903/04 (AH 1321) · Bidayet Mahkemesi Ceza Dairesi reisi · Preveza (Preveze) · age 56 · 1,260 kuruş · Source-bounded service1904/05 (AH 1322) · Bidayet Mahkemesi Ceza Dairesi reisi · Preveza (Preveze) · age 57 · 1,260 kuruş · Source-bounded service1905/06 (AH 1323) · Bidayet Mahkemesi Ceza Dairesi reisi · Preveza (Preveze) · age 58 · 1,260 kuruş · Source-bounded service1906/07 (AH 1324) · Bidayet Mahkemesi Ceza Dairesi reisi · Preveza (Preveze) · age 59 · 1,260 kuruş · Source-bounded service1906/07 (AH 1324) · Merkez Bidayet Mahkemesi müddeiumumi muavini · Shkodër (İşkodra) · age 59 · 2,000 kuruş

All personal fields and their sources

Personal details

Birthplace
Bileke [source]
Birth province
Bosna [source]
Birth year
1848/49 (AH 1265) [source]
Archive references
BOA. DH. SAİD. d, nr. 18/113 [1]BOA. DH. SAİD. d, nr. 18/113, s.113 [1]

Education and languages

Turkish
Kitâbet [source]
Education
Sıbyan mektebi; Banaluka Rüşdiye Mektebi [source]
Education level equivalent
7 [source]The coded level equivalent is not the number of years this official attended school.
Qualification
Birinci sınıf şahadetname; nizamiye mahkemesinde deâvi vekâleti için ikinci sınıf şahadetname [1]Original wording is retained alongside any qualification indicator.

First work and apprenticeship

Age at first service
20 [source]Calculated year-label differences and source-stated ages are distinguished; alternatives remain visible.
First work place
Banaluka [source]
First-salary field
190 kuruş (personal first-salary field) [source]A personal first-salary field does not by itself establish the pay of a particular career event.
First work year
1868/69 (AH 1285) [source]

Other recorded details

Judicial record indicator (recorded code)
0 (recorded code) [source]The original code is retained without assigning an unverified meaning to zero.
Judicial record as worded
0 (recorded code) [source]

Documentary details and source passages

These accounts retain their own wording and dates. Passages can include family, education, languages, honours and judicial narratives beyond the summary fields. A quotation is evidence from its named account; it does not settle differences between sources.

Documentary sources

  1. II. Abdülhamid Dönemi Bosna-Hersekli devlet adamları

    DİLEK AKDEMİR · 2018 · Pages 171, 172, 173

Read the source accounts and original values →

Subjects