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Ottoman BureaucracyPeople, places and careers in Ottoman public service

Official

Mahmut Refet Efendi

Muslim (Müslüman). Born in Burgas (Burgaz) in 1853/54 (AH 1270). On record 1874 to 1890, 10 annual entries.

Life

Mahmut Refet Efendi was born in Burgas (Burgaz) in 1853/54 (AH 1270). The record gives the community as Muslim (Müslüman), the nationality as Turkish and the father's occupation as Esnaf.

Schooling recorded: Sıbyan Mektebi, with 4 years of schooling recorded. The record marks no qualification (diploma, certificate, training or decoration). Languages recorded, with the skill words of the record: Turkish, with Kitabet.

First work is recorded in Burgas in 1869/70 (AH 1286). The official was then about 16 years old. The record gives 5 years of unpaid apprenticeship (mülazemet) before the first salary. The first-salary field gives 300 kuruş a month. At the first annual entry, in 1874/75, the official was about 20 years old.

The first annual entry, for 1874/75, shows Muhabere Memuru in Burgas, with 300 kuruş a month. In 1878/79 the record shows Muhabere Memuru in Macar tabyasi, the salary going from 400 to 500 kuruş a month (before: Muhabere Memuru in Burgas). In 1885/86 the record shows Muhabere Memuru in Serres (Siroz), the salary going from 500 to 380 kuruş a month (before: Muhabere Memuru in Macar tabyasi). In 1889/90 the record shows Muhabere Memuru in Nea Zichni (Zihne), the salary going from 380 to 500 kuruş a month (before: Muhabere Memuru in Serres). No annual entry is recorded for 1878 and 1879 to 1885.

The highest salary, 500 kuruş a month, is first recorded in 1878/79 as Muhabere Memuru. 34 per cent of the other officials with a recorded salary that year earned less. The median salary of all officials that year was 600 kuruş. Over 10 years with a salary the median is 380 kuruş a month, with 3 rises and 1 cut. The largest rise, 120 kuruş, is seen in 1889/90. From the first salary to the last the salary grew by 3.24 per cent a year on average. The last salary is recorded in 1889/90, when 42 per cent of the other officials with a recorded salary that year earned less.

Record

Personal

Born
1853/54 (AH 1270)
Birthplace
Burgas (Burgaz)
Community
Muslim (Müslüman)
Nationality as recorded
Turkish
Father's occupation
Esnaf

Education

Primary
Sıbyan Mektebi (4 years)school for young children (primary school)
Unpaid years (mülazemet)
5 years
Preparation route (classification of the paper)
Low
Qualification (diploma, certificate, training or nişan)
NoShown as in the flag of the paper. The qualification column of the recovered extract gives yes.

The years count all schooling up to that school, as the record gives them.

Languages

Turkish
Kitabetwriting

The glosses are cautious historical readings of the recorded words, not modern levels of proficiency.

First work

Year
1869/70 (AH 1286)
First salary field (kuruş a month)
300

Career

Career of Mahmut Refet Efendi, one row per stage
YearsTitlePlaceSalary (kuruş a month)
1869/70AH 1286First workBurgas (Burgaz)300first-salary field
1874 to 1878AH 1291 to 1294Muhabere Memuru
4 entries
YearSalary
1874/75300
1875/76300
1876/77400
1877/78400
Burgas (Burgaz)300 to 400
No annual entry: 1878 (AH 1295)
1878/79AH 1296Muhabere MemuruMacar tabyasi500
No annual entry: 1879 to 1885 (AH 1297 to 1302)
1885 to 1889AH 1303 to 1306Muhabere Memuru
4 entries
YearSalary
1885/86380
1886/87380
1887/88380
1888/89380
Serres (Siroz)380
1889/90AH 1307Muhabere MemuruNea Zichni (Zihne)500
Monthly salary, kuruş
no entryno entry02004006001878AH 12951882/83AH 13001887/88AH 1305500 kuruş
Salary against the medians of the same year
2005001,0001878AH 12951882/83AH 13001887/88AH 1305This officialMedian, all officialsMedian, same title

Log scale: equal steps are equal ratios. The median of the same title is drawn for the years in which at least 5 officials with that title had a salary.

The numbers of the chart
Salary of Mahmut Refet Efendi against the medians of the same year, kuruş a month
YearSalaryMedian, all officialsMedian, same titlePaid less
1874/7530053545013%
1875/7630053040012%
1876/77400582.541017%
1877/7840056041016%
1878/7950060042034%
1885/8638050040019%
1886/8738050040019%
1887/8838050040019%
1888/8938050040021%
1889/9050050040042%

Paid less: the share of the other officials with a salary that year who earned less.

Placesbornfirst workannual entries
BurgasNea ZichniMacar tabyasiSerres

Choose a row to mark its years in the charts and its place on the map.

Recorded with

Recorded in the same place in the same years

18 officials in all. Officials recorded in Burgas (Burgaz)

Same school recorded

744 officials in all. Officials with Sıbyan Mektebi recorded

Same birthplace

6 officials in all. Officials born in Burgas (Burgaz)

Full record

Annual entries (10)

Annual entries of Mahmut Refet Efendi
YearTitlePlaceKuruş a monthInstitutionSourceArchive reference
1874/75AH 1291Muhabere MemuruBurgas (Burgaz)300Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract23_27; 51
1875/76AH 1292Muhabere MemuruBurgas (Burgaz)300Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract23_27; 51
1876/77AH 1293Muhabere MemuruBurgas (Burgaz)400Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract23_27; 51
1877/78AH 1294Muhabere MemuruBurgas (Burgaz)400Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract23_27; 51
1878/79AH 1296Muhabere MemuruMacar tabyasi500Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract23_27; 51
1885/86AH 1303Muhabere MemuruSerres (Siroz)380Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract23_27; 51
1886/87AH 1304Muhabere MemuruSerres (Siroz)380Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract23_27; 51
1887/88AH 1305Muhabere MemuruSerres (Siroz)380Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract23_27; 51
1888/89AH 1306Muhabere MemuruSerres (Siroz)380Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract23_27; 51
1889/90AH 1307Muhabere MemuruNea Zichni (Zihne)500Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract23_27; 51
What the sources named in this table are
Recovered annual personnel extract
The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.

Sources and original values (14)

Recorded values of Mahmut Refet Efendi with their sources
FieldRecorded valueSource
Identity
NameMahmut Refet EfendiPersonnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract
Birth year (AH)1270Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract
BirthplaceburgasRecovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract
Province of birthrumeli sarkiRecovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract
Father's occupationEsnafRecovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract
ReligionMuslumanRecovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract
Nationality or communityTurkishRecovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract
Schooling
SchoolSibyan mektebiRecovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract
Years of schooling4Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract
Years of apprenticeship (mülazemet)5Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract
First work
First work: year (AH)1286Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract
First work: Gregorian year as stored1869Recovered annual personnel extract
First work: placeburgasRecovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract
First salary field (kuruş a month)300Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract
What the sources named in this table are
Earlier annual personnel extract
The detailed annual personnel file of October 2024. An official found only in this file keeps the years, titles and salaries it gives.
Recovered annual personnel extract
The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
Personnel attributes extract
The detailed personnel file of September 2025, read for personal details such as birth, schooling and first work.
  • Origin of the record: Post and Telegraph personnel records.
  • 10 annual entries of 10 belong to the saved estimation sample of the paper.

How to read this record: calendar years, years without an annual entry, salaries and sources.