Official
Esed Efendi
Greek Orthodox Christian (Rum). Born in Homs (Humus) in 1849/50 (AH 1266). On record 1876 to 1903, 26 annual entries. Death recorded 1903/04.
Archive reference 0086_0190: 375
Life#
Esed Efendi was born in Homs (Humus) in 1849/50 (AH 1266) into the Greek Orthodox Christian (Rum) community. Schooling took four years, at a school for young children (Sıbyan Mektebi); Esed also wrote Arabic, French and Turkish.
At about 19, in 1869/70, Esed began work in Beirut (Beyrut), with seven unpaid years as a mülazım (apprentice) before a first salary of 400 kuruş. So long an unpaid start was rare; fewer than 6 per cent of the 5,142 officials with a known apprenticeship worked unpaid for seven years or longer. The first annual entry, for 1876/77, places Esed in Tuzla as a communications official (Muhabere Memuru), where the entries run to 1881/82. The annual lists then follow Esed to Tiberias (Taberiye) from 1882 to 1890, with a rise to official for foreign communications (Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti), then Acre (Akka), Suakin (Sevakin), Beirut, Deir al-Qamar (Deyrülkamer) and Kure, five places in nine years. The last posts were in Nicosia (Lefkoşa) from 1899 to 1903.
Pay rose from 400 kuruş a month in 1876/77 to a peak of 1,000 in 1893/94, as Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti in Suakin, when 87 per cent of paid officials earned less. That salary was paid for a single year, and the next list gives 500 kuruş. After the last annual entry, for 1902/03, the list of 1903/04 (AH 1321) gives the status word Vefat (death).
Places in order of time#
Each number is a stop: the birthplace, the place of first work, then every place of the annual entries in turn. The year beside an arrow is the first entry at the new place.
Born 1849/50 (AH 1266)
First work 1869/70 (AH 1286)
1893/94 (AH 1311)
No annual entry for 1892/93 (AH 1310) before it.
Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti
1,000 kuruş a month; entries in 1 year
1895/96 (AH 1313)
No annual entry for 1894/95 (AH 1312) before it.
Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti
500 kuruş a month; entries in 1 year
Death recorded in the annual list of 1903/04 (AH 1321): the word Vefat, not a date of death.
Career and salary#
Log scale: equal steps are equal ratios. The median of the same title is drawn for the years in which at least 5 officials with that title had a salary.
The numbers of the chart
| Year | Salary | Median, all officials | Median, same title | Paid less |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1876/77 | 400 | 582.5 | 410 | 17% |
| 1877/78 | 400 | 560 | 410 | 16% |
| 1878 | 400 | 600 | 500 | 17% |
| 1878/79 | 400 | 600 | 420 | 18% |
| 1879/80 | 380 | 500 | 380 | 22% |
| 1880/81 | 380 | 500 | 400 | 21% |
| 1881/82 | 450 | 500 | 400 | 40% |
| 1882/83 | 600 | 500 | 500 | 59% |
| 1883/84 | 600 | 500 | 500 | 59% |
| 1884/85 | 600 | 500 | 500 | 59% |
| 1885/86 | 600 | 500 | 500 | 58% |
| 1886/87 | 600 | 500 | 500 | 59% |
| 1887/88 | 600 | 500 | 500 | 58% |
| 1888/89 | 600 | 500 | 500 | 58% |
| 1889/90 | 600 | 500 | 500 | 58% |
| 1890/91 | 600 | 500 | 500 | 59% |
| 1891/92 | 600 | 500 | 500 | 59% |
| 1893/94 | 1,000 | 500 | 500 | 87% |
| 1895/96 | 500 | 500 | 500 | 47% |
| 1896/97 | 500 | 500 | 495 | 49% |
| 1897/98 | 500 | 500 | 480 | 49% |
| 1898/99 | 500 | 500 | 540 | 48% |
| 1899/1900 | 684 | 500 | 783 | 77% |
| 1900/01 | 684 | 500 | 800 | 75% |
| 1901/02 | 684 | 500 | 800 | 75% |
| 1902/03 | 684 | 500 | 800 | 75% |
Paid less: the share of the other officials with a salary that year who earned less.
Point at a year for its salary, title, place and the median of all officials paid that year. Choose a row of the table to mark its years in the charts and its stop on the map.
| Years | Title | Place | Salary (kuruş a month) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1869/70AH 1286 | First work | Beirut (Beyrut) | 400first-salary field |
| 1876 to 1882AH 1293 to 1299 | Muhabere Memuru | Tuzla | 400 to 450 |
| 1882 to 1890AH 1300 to 1307 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Tiberias (Taberiye) | 600 |
| 1890 to 1892AH 1308 to 1309 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Acre (Akka) | 600 |
| No annual entry: 1892/93 (AH 1310) | |||
| 1893/94AH 1311 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Suakin (Sevakin) | 1,000 |
| No annual entry: 1894/95 (AH 1312) | |||
| 1895/96AH 1313 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Beirut (Beyrut) | 500 |
| 1896 to 1898AH 1314 to 1315 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Deir al-Qamar (Deyrülkamer) | 500 |
| 1898/99AH 1316 | 3. Müdür | Kure | 500 |
| 1899 to 1903AH 1317 to 1320 | 2. Müdür | Nicosia (Lefkoşa) | 684 |
| 1903/04AH 1321 | Death recorded | ||
Record#
Personal
- Born
- 1849/50 (AH 1266)
- Birthplace
- Homs (Humus)
- Community
- Greek Orthodox Christian (Rum)
- Nationality as recorded
- Rum
- Death recorded
- 1903/04 (AH 1321)the year of the annual list with the word Vefat, not a date of death
Education
- Primary
- Sıbyan Mektebi (4 years)school for young children (primary school)
- Unpaid years (mülazemet)
- 7 years
- Preparation route (classification of the paper)
- Low
- Qualification (diploma, certificate, training or nişan)
- NoShown as in the flag of the paper. The qualification column of the recovered extract gives yes.
The years count all schooling up to that school, as the record gives them.
Languages
- Arabic
- Kitabetwriting
- French
- Kitabetwriting
- Turkish
- Kitabetwriting
The glosses are cautious historical readings of the recorded words, not modern levels of proficiency.
First work
- Year
- 1869/70 (AH 1286)
- Place
- Beirut (Beyrut)
- First salary field (kuruş a month)
- 400
Legal records
- Legal record note as worded
- Görev ihmali / Mumaileyh muhaberat-ı telgrafiyeyi kasten sektedar eylediğinden; Görev ihmali 7 Mumaileyh burada dahi merkezin muamelat-ı resmiyesini ifâ etmeyip ortada bir yerde bir takım münasebetsiz adamlar ile düşüp kalkmakta olduğu ve bu hâl ile istihdamı gayr-i caiz bulunduğu cihetle bin üç yüz on iki senesi Rebiülahirinin on sekizinde 6 Teşrinievvel sene 310 yine idareten; Görev İhmali
- Years (AH) with a criminal-record mark in the annual records
- 1311; 1313; 1314; 1315; 1316; 1317; 1318; 1319; 1320
Recorded with#
Officials who share a place, a job title, a school, a birthplace or the year of the first annual entry. Ranks compare the highest monthly salary of each official.
Same place, same years
Of the 3 officials with entries in Tiberias (Taberiye) in the same years, Esed Efendi had the highest salary.
- Mustafa Efendi2 shared years; highest salary 300 kuruş
- Unnamed official (0067_00228; sayfa no:453)1 shared year; highest salary 300 kuruş
Same job title, same years
Of the 327 officials with the title Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti in the same years, Esed Efendi had the 57th highest salary.
- Israti Efendi14 shared years; highest salary 1,500 kuruş
- Melkon Berhadar Efendi14 shared years; highest salary 1,500 kuruş
- Mehmet Rıfat Efendi14 shared years; highest salary 1,250 kuruş
- Acemyan Dikran Efendi14 shared years; highest salary 1,100 kuruş
- Jan Diraço Efendi14 shared years; highest salary 1,100 kuruş
All 605 officials with the title Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti
Same school
Of the 746 officials with Sıbyan Mektebi among their schools, 745 have a recorded salary; Esed Efendi had the 194th highest salary of them.
- Abdulkadir Efendiborn 1849/50 (AH 1266); highest salary 285 kuruş
- Ahmet Niyazi Efendiborn 1849/50 (AH 1266); highest salary 3,000 kuruş
- Ali Beyborn 1849/50 (AH 1266); highest salary 2,400 kuruş
- Ali Faik Efendiborn 1849/50 (AH 1266); highest salary 1,200 kuruş
- Aziz Efendiborn 1849/50 (AH 1266); highest salary 1,175 kuruş
Same birthplace
Of the 4 officials born in Homs (Humus), Esed Efendi had the 2nd highest salary.
- Hüseyin Efendiborn 1856/57 (AH 1273); highest salary 1,200 kuruş
- Mehmet Hilmi Efendiborn 1882/83 (AH 1300); highest salary 200 kuruş
- Mehmet Muhyiddin Efendibirth year not recorded; highest salary 600 kuruş
First annual entry in the same year
Of the 120 officials whose first annual entry is for 1876/77 (AH 1293), Esed Efendi had the 20th highest salary.
- Atnaşyadi Efendifirst entry in Elbasan (İlbasan); highest salary 800 kuruş
- Mehmet Fahri Efendifirst entry in Istanbul; highest salary 3,000 kuruş
- Mehmet Şemi Efendifirst entry in Bosna; highest salary 600 kuruş
- Viçen Vinsan? Mecid Efendifirst entry in Galata; highest salary 500 kuruş
- Abdülhalil Efendifirst entry in Silistra (Silistre); highest salary 500 kuruş
Full record
Annual entries (26)
| Year | Title | Place | Kuruş a month | Institution | Source | Archive reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1876/77AH 1293 | Muhabere Memuru | Tuzla | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0086_0190: 375 |
| 1877/78AH 1294 | Muhabere Memuru | Tuzla | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0086_0190: 375 |
| 1878AH 1295 | Muhabere Memuru | Tuzla | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0086_0190: 375 |
| 1878/79AH 1296 | Muhabere Memuru | Tuzla | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0086_0190: 375 |
| 1879/80AH 1297 | Muhabere Memuru | Tuzla | 380 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0086_0190: 375 |
| 1880/81AH 1298 | Muhabere Memuru | Tuzla | 380 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0086_0190: 375 |
| 1881/82AH 1299 | Muhabere Memuru | Tuzla | 450 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0086_0190: 375 |
| 1882/83AH 1300 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Tiberias (Taberiye) | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0086_0190: 375 |
| 1883/84AH 1301 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Tiberias (Taberiye) | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0086_0190: 375 |
| 1884/85AH 1302 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Tiberias (Taberiye) | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0086_0190: 375 |
| 1885/86AH 1303 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Tiberias (Taberiye) | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0086_0190: 375 |
| 1886/87AH 1304 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Tiberias (Taberiye) | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0086_0190: 375 |
| 1887/88AH 1305 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Tiberias (Taberiye) | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0086_0190: 375 |
| 1888/89AH 1306 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Tiberias (Taberiye) | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0086_0190: 375 |
| 1889/90AH 1307 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Tiberias (Taberiye) | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0086_0190: 375 |
| 1890/91AH 1308 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Acre (Akka) | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0086_0190: 375 |
| 1891/92AH 1309 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Acre (Akka) | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0086_0190: 375 |
| 1893/94AH 1311 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Suakin (Sevakin) | 1,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0086_0190: 375 |
| 1895/96AH 1313 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Beirut (Beyrut) | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0086_0190: 375 |
| 1896/97AH 1314 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Deir al-Qamar (Deyrülkamer) | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0086_0190: 375 |
| 1897/98AH 1315 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Deir al-Qamar (Deyrülkamer) | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0086_0190: 375 |
| 1898/99AH 1316 | 3. Müdür | Kure | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0086_0190: 375 |
| 1899/1900AH 1317 | 2. Müdür | Nicosia (Lefkoşa) | 684 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0086_0190: 375 |
| 1900/01AH 1318 | 2. Müdür | Nicosia (Lefkoşa) | 684 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0086_0190: 375 |
| 1901/02AH 1319 | 2. Müdür | Nicosia (Lefkoşa) | 684 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0086_0190: 375 |
| 1902/03AH 1320 | 2. Müdür | Nicosia (Lefkoşa) | 684 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0086_0190: 375 |
What the sources named in this table are
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
Sources and original values (18)
| Field | Recorded value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Identity | ||
| Name | Esed Efendi | Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Birth year (AH) | 1266 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Birthplace | humus1 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Province of birth | suriye | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Religion | Hristiyan | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Nationality or community | Rum | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Schooling | ||
| School | Sibyan Mektebi | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Years of schooling | 4 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Years of apprenticeship (mülazemet) | 7 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First work | ||
| First work: year (AH) | 1286 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First work: Gregorian year as stored | 1869 | Recovered annual personnel extract |
| First work: place | beyrut | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First salary field (kuruş a month) | 400 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Legal records | ||
| Legal record note as worded | Görev ihmali / Mumaileyh muhaberat-ı telgrafiyeyi kasten sektedar eylediğinden used on this page | Legal notes (earlier workbook copy); Legal notes (later workbook copy) |
| Legal record note as worded | Görev ihmali 7 Mumaileyh burada dahi merkezin muamelat-ı resmiyesini ifâ etmeyip ortada bir yerde bir takım münasebetsiz adamlar ile düşüp kalkmakta olduğu ve bu hâl ile istihdamı gayr-i caiz bulunduğu cihetle bin üç yüz on iki senesi Rebiülahirinin on sekizinde 6 Teşrinievvel sene 310 yine idareten other value | Legal notes (earlier workbook copy); Legal notes (later workbook copy) |
| Legal record note as worded | Görev İhmali other value | Legal notes (earlier workbook copy); Legal notes (later workbook copy) |
| Years (AH) with a criminal-record mark in the annual records | 1311; 1313; 1314; 1315; 1316; 1317; 1318; 1319; 1320 | Later annual personnel extract |
| Status | ||
| Death recorded under the year (AH) | 1321 | Earlier annual personnel extract (original copy); Earlier annual personnel extract (parallel copy) |
What the sources named in this table are
- Legal notes (earlier workbook copy)
- A workbook of notes on legal records. The wording is kept as written. It may hold an accusation or an acquittal, it is not the finding of a court, and its year is the year of the record, not the date of an event.
- Legal notes (later workbook copy)
- A later copy of the workbook of notes on legal records. The same wording in both copies is one note, not two.
- Earlier annual personnel extract (original copy)
- A copy of the earlier annual personnel file, read for the title wording of each year. A death taken from it is the status word Vefat in the title field of one annual list: the year is the year of that list, not a date of death.
- Earlier annual personnel extract (parallel copy)
- A second copy of the earlier annual personnel file, read in the same way. A death taken from it is the status word Vefat in the title field of one annual list: the year is the year of that list, not a date of death. Two copies that agree are one piece of evidence, not two.
- Later annual personnel extract
- The detailed annual personnel file of October 2025. It marks single annual entries with a criminal-record flag and holds status words such as Vefat. For a death, the year is the year of the annual list in which the status word stands.
- Earlier annual personnel extract
- The detailed annual personnel file of October 2024. An official found only in this file keeps the years, titles and salaries it gives.
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
- Personnel attributes extract
- The detailed personnel file of September 2025, read for personal details such as birth, schooling and first work.
- The sources give more than one value for a marked field. Every value is listed.
- Origin of the record: Post and Telegraph personnel records.
- 26 annual entries of 26 belong to the saved estimation sample of the paper.
How to read this record: calendar years, years without an annual entry, salaries and sources.
Subjects
- Esed Efendi
- Post of official for foreign communications (Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti)
- Tiberias (Taberiye)
- Homs (Humus)
- School for young children (Sıbyan Mektebi)
- Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)
- Greek Orthodox Christian (Rum)
- Biography of an Ottoman official (Osmanlı memurunun biyografisi)
- Career and pay (memuriyet ve maaş)
- Ottoman history (Osmanlı tarihi)
- Ottoman bureaucracy (Osmanlı bürokrasisi)
- Ottoman officials (Osmanlı'da memurlar)
- Ottoman personnel registers (Sicill-i Ahvâl defterleri)
- Ottoman registers (Osmanlı defterleri)