Skip to content
Ottoman BureaucracyPeople, places and careers in Ottoman public service

Official

Mahmut Cemal Efendi

Muslim (Müslüman). Born in Divriği in 1850/51 (AH 1267). On record 1861 to 1907, 41 annual entries.

Life

Mahmut Cemal Efendi was born in Divriği in 1850/51 (AH 1267). The record gives the community as Muslim (Müslüman) and the nationality as Turkish.

Schooling recorded: İbtidai Mektebi (primary school), with 4 years of schooling recorded, at a place worded Besiktas. The record marks no qualification (diploma, certificate, training or decoration). Languages recorded, with the skill words of the record: Turkish, with Kitabet.

First work is recorded in Istanbul in 1861/62 (AH 1278): Zaptiye Kalemi. The official was then about 11 years old. The record gives no years of unpaid apprenticeship (mülazemet). The first-salary field gives 150 kuruş a month. At the first annual entry, in 1861/62, the official was about 11 years old.

The first annual entry, for 1861/62, shows Nefer in Istanbul, with 150 kuruş a month. In 1867/68 the record shows Onbasi in Istanbul, the salary going from 150 to 155 kuruş a month (before: Nefer in Istanbul). In 1868/69 the record shows Çavuş in Istanbul, the salary going from 155 to 160 kuruş a month (before: Onbasi in Istanbul). In 1878 the record shows 3. Sinif Teftis Memuru in Istanbul, the salary going from 160 to 380 kuruş a month (before: Çavuş in Istanbul). In 1879/80 the record shows Çavuş in Istanbul, the salary going from 380 to 350 kuruş a month (before: 3. Sinif Teftis Memuru in Istanbul). In 1888/89 the record shows 3. Sınıf Polis Komiseri in Istanbul, the salary going from 350 to 500 kuruş a month (before: Çavuş in Istanbul). In 1901/02 the record shows 2. Sınıf Polis Komiseri in Istanbul, the salary going from 500 to 600 kuruş a month (before: 3. Sınıf Polis Komiseri in Istanbul). In 1905/06 the record shows Başkomiser in Istanbul, the salary going from 600 to 900 kuruş a month (before: 2. Sınıf Polis Komiseri in Istanbul). No annual entry is recorded for 1872 to 1878.

The highest salary, 900 kuruş a month, is first recorded in 1905/06 as Başkomiser. 83 per cent of the other officials with a recorded salary that year earned less. The median salary of all officials that year was 475 kuruş. Over 41 years with a salary the median is 380 kuruş a month, with 6 rises and 1 cut. The largest rise, 300 kuruş, is seen in 1905/06. From the first salary to the last the salary grew by 3.97 per cent a year on average. The last salary is recorded in 1906/07, when 82 per cent of the other officials with a recorded salary that year earned less.

Record

Personal

Born
1850/51 (AH 1267)
Birthplace
Divriği
Community
Muslim (Müslüman)
Nationality as recorded
Turkish

Education

Primary
İbtidai Mektebi (4 years)primary school; place of the school as worded: Besiktas
Unpaid years (mülazemet)
0 years
Preparation route (classification of the paper)
Low
Qualification (diploma, certificate, training or nişan)
NoShown as in the flag of the paper. The qualification column of the recovered extract gives yes.

The years count all schooling up to that school, as the record gives them.

Languages

Turkish
Kitabetwriting

The glosses are cautious historical readings of the recorded words, not modern levels of proficiency.

First work

Year
1861/62 (AH 1278)
First job as worded
Zaptiye Kalemi
Age at first work (workbook field)
11
First salary field (kuruş a month)
150
First-job salary of the original workbook (kuruş a month)
150

Career

Career of Mahmut Cemal Efendi, one row per stage
YearsTitlePlaceSalary (kuruş a month)
1861/62AH 1278Zaptiye Kalemifirst workIstanbul (Dersaadet)150first-salary field
1861 to 1867AH 1278 to 1283Nefer
Other institution
6 entries
YearSalary
1861/62150
1862/63150
1863/64150
1864/65150
1865/66150
1866/67150
Istanbul (Dersaadet)150
1867/68AH 1284Onbasi
Military (Askeriye)
Istanbul (Dersaadet)155
1868 to 1872AH 1285 to 1288Çavuş
Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)
4 entries
YearSalary
1868/69160
1869/70160
1870/71160
1871/72160
Istanbul (Dersaadet)160
No annual entry: 1872 to 1878 (AH 1289 to 1294)
1878 to 1879AH 1295 to 12963. Sinif Teftis Memuru
2 entries
YearSalary
1878380
1878/79380
Istanbul (Dersaadet)380
1879 to 1888AH 1297 to 1305Çavuş
Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)
9 entries
YearSalary
1879/80350
1880/81350
1881/82350
1882/83350
1883/84350
1884/85350
1885/86350
1886/87350
1887/88350
Istanbul (Dersaadet)350
1888 to 1901AH 1306 to 13183. Sınıf Polis Komiseri
13 entries
YearSalary
1888/89500
1889/90500
1890/91500
1891/92500
1892/93500
1893/94500
1894/95500
1895/96500
1896/97500
1897/98500
1898/99500
1899/1900500
1900/01500
Istanbul (Dersaadet)500
1901 to 1905AH 1319 to 13222. Sınıf Polis Komiseri
4 entries
YearSalary
1901/02600
1902/03600
1903/04600
1904/05600
Istanbul (Dersaadet)600
1905 to 1907AH 1323 to 1324Başkomiser
2 entries
YearSalary
1905/06900
1906/07900
Istanbul (Dersaadet)900
Monthly salary, kuruş
no entry02004006008001,0001863/64AH 12801873/74AH 12901882/83AH 13001892/93AH 13101902/03AH 1320900 kuruşEntry of another institution
Salary against the medians of the same year
1002005001,0001863/64AH 12801873/74AH 12901882/83AH 13001892/93AH 13101902/03AH 1320This officialMedian, all officialsMedian, same title

Log scale: equal steps are equal ratios. The median of the same title is drawn for the years in which at least 5 officials with that title had a salary.

The numbers of the chart
Salary of Mahmut Cemal Efendi against the medians of the same year, kuruş a month
YearSalaryMedian, all officialsMedian, same titlePaid less
1861/621506005%
1862/631505006%
1863/641505004%
1864/651506253%
1865/661506503%
1866/671506002%
1867/681556002%
1868/691606003004%
1869/701606003005%
1870/711606003%
1871/721605502854%
187838060038015%
1878/7938060038016%
1879/8035050030021%
1880/8135050035019%
1881/8235050032518%
1882/8335050030017%
1883/8435050030017%
1884/8535050035017%
1885/8635050030017%
1886/8735050030018%
1887/8835050030017%
1888/8950050050041%
1889/9050050050042%
1890/9150050050043%
1891/9250050050043%
1892/9350050050044%
1893/9450050050046%
1894/9550050040046%
1895/9650050040047%
1896/9750050040049%
1897/9850050040049%
1898/9950050040048%
1899/190050050045047%
1900/0150050050047%
1901/0260050060067%
1902/0360050060067%
1903/0460047567%
1904/0560045067%
1905/0690047590083%
1906/0790045090082%

Paid less: the share of the other officials with a salary that year who earned less.

Placesbornfirst workannual entries
DivriğiIstanbul

Choose a row to mark its years in the charts and its place on the map.

Recorded with

Recorded in the same place in the same years

1,538 officials in all. Officials recorded in Istanbul (Dersaadet)

Same school recorded

31 officials in all. Officials with İbtidai Mektebi recorded

Same birthplace

Officials born in Divriği

Full record

Annual entries (41)

Annual entries of Mahmut Cemal Efendi
YearTitlePlaceKuruş a monthInstitutionSourceArchive reference
1861/62AH 1278NeferIstanbul (Dersaadet)150OtherCross-ministry personnel workbook77_159; 313
1862/63AH 1279NeferIstanbul (Dersaadet)150OtherCross-ministry personnel workbook77_159; 313
1863/64AH 1280NeferIstanbul (Dersaadet)150OtherCross-ministry personnel workbook77_159; 313
1864/65AH 1281NeferIstanbul (Dersaadet)150OtherCross-ministry personnel workbook77_159; 313
1865/66AH 1282NeferIstanbul (Dersaadet)150OtherCross-ministry personnel workbook77_159; 313
1866/67AH 1283NeferIstanbul (Dersaadet)150OtherCross-ministry personnel workbook77_159; 313
1867/68AH 1284OnbasiIstanbul (Dersaadet)155Military (Askeriye)Cross-ministry personnel workbook77_159; 313
1868/69AH 1285ÇavuşIstanbul (Dersaadet)160Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract77_159; 313
1869/70AH 1286ÇavuşIstanbul (Dersaadet)160Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract77_159; 313
1870/71AH 1287ÇavuşIstanbul (Dersaadet)160Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract77_159; 313
1871/72AH 1288ÇavuşIstanbul (Dersaadet)160Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract77_159; 313
1878AH 12953. Sinif Teftis MemuruIstanbul (Dersaadet)380Police (Polis)Cross-ministry personnel workbook77_159; 313
1878/79AH 12963. Sinif Teftis MemuruIstanbul (Dersaadet)380Police (Polis)Cross-ministry personnel workbook77_159; 313
1879/80AH 1297ÇavuşIstanbul (Dersaadet)350Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract77_159; 313
1880/81AH 1298ÇavuşIstanbul (Dersaadet)350Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract77_159; 313
1881/82AH 1299ÇavuşIstanbul (Dersaadet)350Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract77_159; 313
1882/83AH 1300ÇavuşIstanbul (Dersaadet)350Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract77_159; 313
1883/84AH 1301ÇavuşIstanbul (Dersaadet)350Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract77_159; 313
1884/85AH 1302ÇavuşIstanbul (Dersaadet)350Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract77_159; 313
1885/86AH 1303ÇavuşIstanbul (Dersaadet)350Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract77_159; 313
1886/87AH 1304ÇavuşIstanbul (Dersaadet)350Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract77_159; 313
1887/88AH 1305ÇavuşIstanbul (Dersaadet)350Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract77_159; 313
1888/89AH 13063. Sınıf Polis KomiseriIstanbul (Dersaadet)500Police (Polis)Cross-ministry personnel workbook77_159; 313
1889/90AH 13073. Sınıf Polis KomiseriIstanbul (Dersaadet)500Police (Polis)Cross-ministry personnel workbook77_159; 313
1890/91AH 13083. Sınıf Polis KomiseriIstanbul (Dersaadet)500Police (Polis)Cross-ministry personnel workbook77_159; 313
1891/92AH 13093. Sınıf Polis KomiseriIstanbul (Dersaadet)500Police (Polis)Cross-ministry personnel workbook77_159; 313
1892/93AH 13103. Sınıf Polis KomiseriIstanbul (Dersaadet)500Police (Polis)Cross-ministry personnel workbook77_159; 313
1893/94AH 13113. Sınıf Polis KomiseriIstanbul (Dersaadet)500Police (Polis)Cross-ministry personnel workbook77_159; 313
1894/95AH 13123. Sınıf Polis KomiseriIstanbul (Dersaadet)500Police (Polis)Cross-ministry personnel workbook77_159; 313
1895/96AH 13133. Sınıf Polis KomiseriIstanbul (Dersaadet)500Police (Polis)Cross-ministry personnel workbook77_159; 313
1896/97AH 13143. Sınıf Polis KomiseriIstanbul (Dersaadet)500Police (Polis)Cross-ministry personnel workbook77_159; 313
1897/98AH 13153. Sınıf Polis KomiseriIstanbul (Dersaadet)500Police (Polis)Cross-ministry personnel workbook77_159; 313
1898/99AH 13163. Sınıf Polis KomiseriIstanbul (Dersaadet)500Police (Polis)Cross-ministry personnel workbook77_159; 313
1899/1900AH 13173. Sınıf Polis KomiseriIstanbul (Dersaadet)500Police (Polis)Cross-ministry personnel workbook77_159; 313
1900/01AH 13183. Sınıf Polis KomiseriIstanbul (Dersaadet)500Police (Polis)Cross-ministry personnel workbook77_159; 313
1901/02AH 13192. Sınıf Polis KomiseriIstanbul (Dersaadet)600Police (Polis)Cross-ministry personnel workbook77_159; 313
1902/03AH 13202. Sınıf Polis KomiseriIstanbul (Dersaadet)600Police (Polis)Cross-ministry personnel workbook77_159; 313
1903/04AH 13212. Sınıf Polis KomiseriIstanbul (Dersaadet)600Police (Polis)Cross-ministry personnel workbook77_159; 313
1904/05AH 13222. Sınıf Polis KomiseriIstanbul (Dersaadet)600Police (Polis)Cross-ministry personnel workbook77_159; 313
1905/06AH 1323BaşkomiserIstanbul (Dersaadet)900Police (Polis)Cross-ministry personnel workbook77_159; 313
1906/07AH 1324BaşkomiserIstanbul (Dersaadet)900Police (Polis)Cross-ministry personnel workbook77_159; 313
What the sources named in this table are
Cross-ministry personnel workbook
A personnel workbook with the annual entries in institutions other than the Post and Telegraph (justice, land registry, customs, police and others), with the same annual fields as the personnel workbook.
Recovered annual personnel extract
The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.

Sources and original values (23)

Recorded values of Mahmut Cemal Efendi with their sources
FieldRecorded valueSource
Identity
NameMahmut Cemal EfendiLinked personnel workbook
Birth year (AH)1267Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
BirthplacedivrigiRecovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
Birthplace: district (kaza)DivrigiCross-ministry personnel workbook
Birthplace: sancakSivasCross-ministry personnel workbook
Birthplace: province (vilayet)SivasCross-ministry personnel workbook
Province of birthsivasRecovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract
ReligionMuslumanRecovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
Nationality or communityTurkishRecovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
Schooling
Schoolibtidai MektebiRecovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
Place of the schoolBesiktasCross-ministry personnel workbook
Years of schooling4Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
Years of apprenticeship (mülazemet)0Recovered annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
First work
First work: year (AH)1278Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Linked personnel workbook
First work: Gregorian year as stored1861Recovered annual personnel extract
First work: placeistanbulRecovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
First work: district (kaza)istanbulCross-ministry personnel workbook
First work: sancakistanbulCross-ministry personnel workbook
First work: province (vilayet)istanbulCross-ministry personnel workbook
First job as wordedZaptiye KalemiLinked personnel workbook; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
Age at first work (workbook field)11Cross-ministry personnel workbook
First salary field (kuruş a month)150Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract
First-job salary of the original workbook (kuruş a month)150Linked personnel workbook; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
What the sources named in this table are
Cross-ministry personnel workbook
A personnel workbook with the annual entries in institutions other than the Post and Telegraph (justice, land registry, customs, police and others), with the same annual fields as the personnel workbook.
Earlier annual personnel extract
The detailed annual personnel file of October 2024. An official found only in this file keeps the years, titles and salaries it gives.
Recovered annual personnel extract
The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
Personnel attributes extract
The detailed personnel file of September 2025, read for personal details such as birth, schooling and first work.
Linked personnel workbook
The original personnel workbook, from which selected fields on background and first work are taken.
  • Origin of the record: Post and Telegraph personnel records.
  • 11 annual entries of 41 belong to the saved estimation sample of the paper.

How to read this record: calendar years, years without an annual entry, salaries and sources.