Job title
Hukuk Kalemi
Group of job titles: Justice and legal affairs
Stored spellings: Hukuk Kalemi; hukuk kalemi
12 officials held the job title Hukuk Kalemi. Its 44 annual entries run from 1878 to 1911 (AH 1295 to 1328). The median of the 44 recorded monthly salaries is 400 kuruş, against 500 kuruş for the whole collection in the same years. The median entry paid 80 per cent of the collection median of its year. On average an official was paid more than 33 per cent of the other officials with a salary in the same year. Half of the officials have an entry in it in no more than 3 different years, and a quarter in 5 or more. It was the first title on record for 25 per cent of the officials and the last for 75 per cent. No other title is recorded for 17 per cent of them. The entries name 2 places. The place with the largest number of officials is Istanbul, with 10.
- Officials
- 12
- Years on recordAH 1295 to 1328, 14 years with an entry
- 1878 to 1911
- Median monthly salary0.8× the collection median of the same years (500 kuruş)
- 400 kuruş
- Places with officials
- 2
- First job title on recordfor 3 of the 12 officials
- 25%
Profile of the group: Justice and legal affairs
No source read describes Hukuk Kalemi by itself, so this is the profile of its group of job titles.
Officials of the courts and offices of the Ministry of Justice (Adliye Nezareti), created on 14 February 1870 when the high court Divan-ı Ahkam-ı Adliyye was turned into a ministry.1 A hierarchy of civil and criminal courts for a minister of justice to oversee only began in the 1860s, when the new nizamiye courts were introduced in the provinces as part of the new local administration.2
History
The first regulation of the ministry, of 21 May 1879, gave it an undersecretary, a corresponding secretary (mektupçu), two councils, directors of referrals, of criminal affairs, of civil affairs, of the records of officials (sicill-i memurin), of sects and of documents (evrak), and an accountant (muhasebeci). Since it also took over the affairs of the non-Muslim communities from the Foreign Ministry, it was named the Ministry of Justice and Sects (Adliye ve Mezahib Nezareti).3 The commercial courts, until then under the Ministry of Trade, came under the ministry on 30 November 1875.1
Notes
- Yavuz, Hulusi (1988). Adliye Nezâreti. TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, vol. 1, 389-390, paragraph beginning ‘İlk defa, bir yüksek’. Online copy (read 14 October 2026).
- Findley, Carter V. (1980). Bureaucratic Reform in the Ottoman Empire: The Sublime Porte, 1789-1922. Princeton: Princeton University Press, p. 178.
- Yavuz (1988), ‘Adliye Nezâreti’, paragraph beginning ‘Adliye Nezâreti’nin ilk teşkilât’.
Each statement above ends with the number of its note, which gives the work and the page or paragraph it comes from.
Monthly salary each year
The same numbers as a table
| Year | Recorded salaries | Median | Mean | Lower quartile | Upper quartile | Median of the whole collection |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1878 | 1 | 550 | 550 | 550 | 550 | 600 |
| 1878/79 | 1 | 550 | 550 | 550 | 550 | 600 |
| 1879/80 | 1 | 550 | 550 | 550 | 550 | 500 |
| 1900/01 | 5 | 300 | 350 | 300 | 400 | 500 |
| 1901/02 | 5 | 300 | 350 | 300 | 400 | 500 |
| 1902/03 | 8 | 325 | 325 | 225 | 462.5 | 500 |
| 1903/04 | 6 | 325 | 325 | 225 | 462.5 | 475 |
| 1904/05 | 2 | 350 | 350 | 275 | 425 | 450 |
| 1905/06 | 3 | 400 | 366.67 | 300 | 450 | 475 |
| 1906/07 | 3 | 400 | 366.67 | 300 | 450 | 450 |
| 1907/08 | 2 | 300 | 300 | 250 | 350 | 300 |
| 1908/09 | 2 | 315 | 315 | 257.5 | 372.5 | 350 |
| 1909/10 | 2 | 800 | 800 | 800 | 800 | 462.5 |
| 1910/11 | 3 | 400 | 533.33 | 400 | 600 | 500 |
Salaries are nominal monthly amounts in kuruş, as assigned. The thick line is the median of each year and the thin line the mean. A year with fewer than 5 recorded salaries is drawn as an open mark and is not joined to the line.
Pay against the whole collection
12 officials with a salary, each counted once in the band of the median of the official's salaries in this job. A bar runs from its number to the next; the last is 2,500 kuruş and more. Most officials (33%) are in the band 400 to 500 kuruş.
The same numbers as a table
| Median monthly salary, kuruş | Officials | Share | Whole collection |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 to 100 | 0 | 0% | 3% |
| 100 to 200 | 1 | 8% | 10% |
| 200 to 300 | 2 | 17% | 17% |
| 300 to 400 | 2 | 17% | 18% |
| 400 to 500 | 4 | 33% | 17% |
| 500 to 750 | 3 | 25% | 23% |
| 750 to 1,000 | 0 | 0% | 5% |
| 1,000 to 1,500 | 0 | 0% | 4% |
| 1,500 to 2,500 | 0 | 0% | 2% |
| 2,500 and more | 0 | 0% | 1% |
The median of the 44 recorded monthly salaries of this job is 400 kuruş. In the same years the whole collection paid a median of 500 kuruş. The median entry paid 0.8× the collection median of its year, and the middle half of the entries between 0.59× and 1.01×. On average an official of this job was paid more than 33% of the other paid officials of the same year.
The dot is the median, the box the middle half of the entries. Dashed lines: the collection median of the same years (1×) and the middle of the paid officials (50%).
Career paths: the titles just before and after
The number is the officials who made the move. Under it, the median change of the monthly salary: the first salary of the later title less the last salary of the earlier one, where at least 5 moves have both.
Held just before
The title of the entries just before a run of Hukuk Kalemi. Pay: the change on moving from that title to Hukuk Kalemi. The 5 titles with most officials, of 9 moves in all.
Held just after
The title of the entries just after a run of Hukuk Kalemi. Pay: the change on moving from Hukuk Kalemi to that title. The 3 titles with most officials, of 3 moves in all.
Of the 12 moves shown, 0 cross at least one year without an annual entry; nothing is known about those years. Two posts held in the same years are not counted as a move.
Time in the job
- Years with an entry in the job
- 3.5 yearsmedian over 12 officials
- A quarter of the officials
- 4.5 years or moreupper quartile
- Most years of one official
- 8 years
Years are years with an annual entry in the job, each counted once for an official. They need not follow one another, and nothing is known about a year without an entry. With two posts in the first or last year, both count.
Who held the job
Officials of this jobWhole collection
Community
12 officials with it recorded.
Age at the first annual entry in the job
12 officials with it recorded.
Province of birth
12 officials with it recorded.
Schooling
12 officials with it recorded. An official can have several, so the shares add up to more than 100%. The groups of the schools recorded for each official.
Languages
12 officials with it recorded. An official can have several, so the shares add up to more than 100%.
Qualification
12 officials with it recorded. A diploma, certificate, training or decoration (nişan) recorded in the schooling or the work.
Officials on record each year
The same numbers as a table
| Year | Officials on record | First recorded | Annual entries |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1878 (AH 1295) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 1878/79 (AH 1296) | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 1879/80 (AH 1297) | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 1900/01 (AH 1318) | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| 1901/02 (AH 1319) | 5 | 0 | 5 |
| 1902/03 (AH 1320) | 8 | 3 | 8 |
| 1903/04 (AH 1321) | 6 | 0 | 6 |
| 1904/05 (AH 1322) | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 1905/06 (AH 1323) | 3 | 1 | 3 |
| 1906/07 (AH 1324) | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 1907/08 (AH 1325) | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 1908/09 (AH 1326) | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 1909/10 (AH 1327) | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 1910/11 (AH 1328) | 3 | 2 | 3 |
An official is counted once in a year. First recorded is the first year in which the collection has an annual entry of the official on this page. It is not a hiring date.
Places
| Place | Province | Officials | Annual entries | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Istanbul (Dersaadet) | Istanbul (Dersaadet) province | 10 | 37 | 1878 to 1911 |
| Beyoğlu | Istanbul (Dersaadet) province | 2 | 7 | 1902 to 1911 |
Ottoman officials recorded
12 officials, the one with most annual entries first.
| Official | Years | Annual entries | Kuruş a month | Birthplace |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mehmet Edip Bey | 1902 to 1910 | 8 | 150 to 800 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Aziz İhsan Efendi | 1900 to 1907 | 7 | 400 to 500 | Şebinkarahisar (Karahisar-ı Şarki) |
| Ahmet Şemsettin Efendi | 1905 to 1911 | 6 | 400 to 800 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Hafız Mehmet Efendi | 1900 to 1904 | 4 | 300 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Hüseyin Şerif Efendi | 1900 to 1904 | 4 | 500 | Arapgir |
| Mehmet Münip Efendi | 1900 to 1904 | 4 | 250 to 350 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Ahmet Vehbi Efendi | 1900 to 1903 | 3 | 300 to 350 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Tevfik Bey | 1878 to 1880 | 3 | 550 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| MEHMET TALAT EFENDİ | 1902 to 1904 | 2 | 100 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Abdullah Fehmi Efendi | 1910/11 | 1 | 400 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| İbrahim Sacit Efendi | 1910/11 | 1 | 400 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Mehmet Enver Efendi | 1902/03 | 1 | 450 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
Years run from the first to the last annual entry. An official without a recorded name is listed after the named officials.
How to read these records: years and calendars, what first recorded means, gaps between annual entries, and salaries.
Subjects
- Hukuk Kalemi
- Ottoman job titles (Osmanlı memuriyet unvanları)
- Labour history (emek tarihi)
- Salaries of officials (memur maaşları)
- Ottoman history (Osmanlı tarihi)
- Ottoman bureaucracy (Osmanlı bürokrasisi)
- Ottoman officials (Osmanlı'da memurlar)
- Ottoman personnel registers (Sicill-i Ahvâl defterleri)
- Ottoman registers (Osmanlı defterleri)