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Job title

Sevk Kalemi

Dispatch office

Group of job titles: Postal service and dispatch

Stored spellings: Sevk Kalemi; sevk kalemi

95 officials held the job title Sevk Kalemi. Its 749 annual entries run from 1860 to 1910 (AH 1277 to 1327). The median of the 749 recorded monthly salaries is 465 kuruş, against 500 kuruş for the whole collection in the same years. The median entry paid 90 per cent of the collection median of its year. On average an official was paid more than 40 per cent of the other officials with a salary in the same year. Half of the officials have an entry in it in no more than 4 different years, and a quarter in 12 or more. It was the first title on record for 27 per cent of the officials and the last for 37 per cent. No other title is recorded for 12 per cent of them. The title most often held just before it and the title most often held just after it are the same, Muhabere Memuru (20 and 15 officials). The entries name 8 places. The place with the largest number of officials is Istanbul, with 81.

Officials
95
Years on recordAH 1277 to 1327, 51 years with an entry
1860 to 1910
Median monthly salary0.9× the collection median of the same years (500 kuruş)
465 kuruş
Places with officials
8
First job title on recordfor 26 of the 95 officials
27%

Profile of the group: Postal service and dispatch

No source read describes Sevk Kalemi by itself, so this is the profile of its group of job titles.

The public post of the Ottoman state, founded with the Ministry of Post in 1840 and joined with the telegraph in 1871. Post offices took in, carried and delivered letters, printed matter, registered letters and valuables.

Tools and technology

  • the old overland roads, steamers of the state and of foreign companies, and later the railways
  • postage stamps from 1862

History

Before 1840 official messages were carried by couriers between relay stations (menzil) kept by local contracted postmasters (menzilci); the relay system ended when the post was organised in 1839 and 1840. The empire joined the Universal Postal Union in 1874. The postal guides list 1,033 post and telegraph offices in 1884 and 1,288 in 1892.

Sources

  1. Halaçoğlu, Yusuf (2004). Menzil (Osmanlı). TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, vol. 29, 159-161. Online copy (read 14 October 2026).Pages or part: 159-161. Used for: history.
  2. Koh, Choon Hwee (2021). The Ottoman postmaster: contractors, communication and early modern state formation. Past and Present 251, 113-152. Online copy.Pages or part: 113, 118-120. Used for: history.
  3. Okan, Ayşegül (2003). The Ottoman postal and telegraph services in the last quarter of the nineteenth century. MA thesis, Boğaziçi University, Atatürk Institute for Modern Turkish History.Pages or part: iii, 20-25, 66, 77. Used for: summary, tools and technology, history.
  4. The school and the office: training, entry and pay in the Ottoman Post and Telegraph service, 1870-1905. Working paper, 2026 (the paper behind this collection; its Section II reports Akyıldız 2024, Ata 2022 and Ayhan and Maviş 1994).Pages or part: Section II. Used for: summary.
All years

Monthly salary each year

The median of the 749 recorded monthly salaries is 465 kuruş, the mean 464 kuruş.
02004006001863/64AH 12801868/69AH 12851873/74AH 12901878AH 12951882/83AH 13001887/88AH 13051892/93AH 13101897/98AH 13151902/03AH 13201907/08AH 1325Median 550 kuruş in 1906/07Sevk Kalemi, median of years with 5 or more salariesMean of the same yearsWhole collectionFewer than 5 salaries, not joined to the lineAbove the scale

The same numbers as a table
Monthly salary each year in kuruş, Sevk Kalemi
YearRecorded salariesMedianMeanLower quartileUpper quartileMedian of the whole collection
1860/611250250250250500
1861/621450450450450600
1862/633450383.33350450500
1863/643500543.33440625500
1864/654515540455600625
1865/663480493.33440540650
1866/672490490485495600
1867/683576598.67538648600
1868/693600632588660600
1869/704635635575695600
1870/718467479.25237.5700600
1871/728560521.25287.5700550
1872/739600542.22400700550
1873/7410375371120552.5500
1874/7513400416.15200625535
1875/7616350421.88200643.75530
1876/7719375485.53300775575
1877/7817400463.24300600560
187815400513.33350750600
1878/7915400490350675600
1879/8016382.5416.56296.25500500
1880/8121380390.48285500500
1881/8219385413.16292.5500500
1882/8318437.5452.78312.5500500
1883/8420400437.5300500500
1884/8520400447.5296.25525500
1885/8620437.5451.5296.25525500
1886/8720475466.5337.5525500
1887/8822477.5480.68357.5575500
1888/8920500498.25393.75600500
1889/9020525516.75393.75655500
1890/9122525500.45356.25665500
1891/9224590503.46287.5642.5500
1892/9325580486.52280650500
1893/9426476.5491.65312.5665500
1894/9525450446.52250600500
1895/9628400443.14297.5612.5500
1896/9724425432.75290581.25500
1897/9826430398.54225540500
1898/9923440411.96245547.5500
1899/190021440432.14255570500
1900/0120452.5445.75285577.5500
1901/0222445450.68296.25562.5500
1902/0320470462330552.5500
1903/0420490475.5330612.5475
1904/0519500487.37325605450
1905/0616507.5505.62353.75617.5475
1906/0712550597.92500690450
1907/081550550550550300
1908/091550550550550350
1909/101200200200200462.5

Salaries are nominal monthly amounts in kuruş, as assigned. The thick line is the median of each year and the thin line the mean. A year with fewer than 5 recorded salaries is drawn as an open mark and is not joined to the line.

Pay against the whole collection

Officials by their median monthly salary in this job
Officials of this jobWhole collection
1%11%20%21%14%24%8%1%01002003004005007501,0001,5002,500

95 officials with a salary, each counted once in the band of the median of the official's salaries in this job. A bar runs from its number to the next; the last is 2,500 kuruş and more. Most officials (24%) are in the band 500 to 750 kuruş.

The same numbers as a table
Officials of Sevk Kalemi by median monthly salary
Median monthly salary, kuruşOfficialsShareWhole collection
0 to 10011%3%
100 to 2001011%10%
200 to 3001920%17%
300 to 4002021%18%
400 to 5001314%17%
500 to 7502324%23%
750 to 1,00088%5%
1,000 to 1,50011%4%
1,500 to 2,50000%2%
2,500 and more00%1%

The median of the 749 recorded monthly salaries of this job is 465 kuruş. In the same years the whole collection paid a median of 500 kuruş. The median entry paid 0.9× the collection median of its year, and the middle half of the entries between 0.57× and 1.2×. On average an official of this job was paid more than 40% of the other paid officials of the same year.

Times the collection median0.9×0.25×0.5×1×2×4×Share of paid officials earning less40%0%25%50%75%100%

The dot is the median, the box the middle half of the entries. Dashed lines: the collection median of the same years (1×) and the middle of the paid officials (50%).

Where the job was held

All years
8 places with officials on record, 8 of them with a position on the map. A larger dot means more officials.
Seat of a province (vilayet) District (kaza) Other place Office or region
Istanbul (Dersaadet)Beirut (Beyrut)Further places, smaller scale81 officials1 official

All 8 places, all years
PlaceOfficialsRemark
Istanbul (Dersaadet)81
Galata9
Beyoğlu7
Bab-i vala1
Beirut (Beyrut)1in the small map
Samatya1
Tersanei amire1
Yeni camii postanesi1

Career paths: the titles just before and after

The number is the officials who made the move. Under it, the median change of the monthly salary: the first salary of the later title less the last salary of the earlier one, where at least 5 moves have both.

Held just before

The title of the entries just before a run of Sevk Kalemi. Pay: the change on moving from that title to Sevk Kalemi. The 8 titles with most officials, of 73 moves in all.

  1. Muhabere Memurucommunications official (telegraph operator)20pay 0 kuruş (0%)
  2. Tahrirat Kalemicorrespondence office5pay +100 kuruş (+25%)
  3. Merkez Memurucentral office official4
  4. Müvezzideliverer (postman)4
  5. Mektubi Kalemioffice of the corresponding secretary3
  6. Memurofficial3
  7. Mukayyitregistry clerk3
  8. 2. Müdürdirector of the second grade2

Held just after

The title of the entries just after a run of Sevk Kalemi. Pay: the change on moving from Sevk Kalemi to that title. The 8 titles with most officials, of 65 moves in all.

  1. Muhabere Memurucommunications official (telegraph operator)15pay +50 kuruş (+11%)
  2. Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyetipost of official for foreign communications5pay 0 kuruş (0%)
  3. Seyyar Memurtravelling postal official4
  4. Kontrol Kalemicontrol office3
  5. Memurofficial3
  6. Merkez Memurucentral office official3
  7. Muhasebe Kalemiaccounts office3
  8. Tahrirat Kalemicorrespondence office3

Of the 83 moves shown, 7 cross at least one year without an annual entry; nothing is known about those years. Two posts held in the same years are not counted as a move.

Time in the job

Years with an entry in the job
4 yearsmedian over 95 officials
A quarter of the officials
11.5 years or moreupper quartile
Most years of one official
38 years
  1. First job title on recordthe first year with an entry with a job title has it27%26 officials
  2. Last job title on recordthe last such year has it37%35 officials
  3. No other job titlein the whole record12%11 officials
  4. One place in the jobof 95 officials with a place recorded95%90 officials

Years are years with an annual entry in the job, each counted once for an official. They need not follow one another, and nothing is known about a year without an entry. With two posts in the first or last year, both count.

Who held the job

Officials of this jobWhole collection

Community

95 officials with it recorded.

  1. Muslim (Müslüman)88%84
  2. Armenian Christian (Ermeni)6%6
  3. Greek Orthodox Christian (Rum)4%4
  4. Maronite Christian (Maruni)1%1

Age at the first annual entry in the job

94 officials with it recorded.

  1. under 151%1
  2. 15 to 1922%21
  3. 20 to 2426%24
  4. 25 to 2919%18
  5. 30 to 3416%15
  6. 35 to 395%5
  7. 40 and over11%10

Province of birth

93 officials with it recorded. 7 other values not shown.

  1. Istanbul (Dersaadet) province76%71
  2. Kastamonu province4%4
  3. Beirut (Beyrut) province2%2
  4. Bitola (Manastır) province2%2
  5. Danube (Tuna) province2%2
  6. Eastern Rumelia (Rumeli-i Şarkî) province2%2
  7. Konya province2%2
  8. Aleppo (Halep) province1%1

Schooling

95 officials with it recorded. An official can have several, so the shares add up to more than 100%. The groups of the schools recorded for each official.

  1. Rüşdiye62%59
  2. Higher or professional20%19
  3. Primary17%16
  4. Community school13%12
  5. Darüşşafaka2%2
  6. İdadi2%2
  7. Other named school2%2

Languages

94 officials with it recorded. An official can have several, so the shares add up to more than 100%. 1 other value not shown.

  1. Turkish96%90
  2. French20%19
  3. Greek (Rum)7%7
  4. Armenian4%4
  5. Italian3%3
  6. Arabic2%2
  7. English2%2
  8. Albanian1%1

Qualification

94 officials with it recorded. A diploma, certificate, training or decoration (nişan) recorded in the schooling or the work.

  1. No89%84
  2. Yes11%10

Officials on record each year

The fullest year is 1895/96 (AH 1313) with 28 officials. Years with an annual entry: 51.
0510152025301863/64AH 12801868/69AH 12851873/74AH 12901878AH 12951882/83AH 13001887/88AH 13051892/93AH 13101897/98AH 13151902/03AH 13201907/08AH 132528 in 1895/96Recorded in an earlier year tooFirst recorded in this year

The same numbers as a table
Officials on record each year, Sevk Kalemi
YearOfficials on recordFirst recordedAnnual entries
1860/61 (AH 1277)111
1861/62 (AH 1278)101
1862/63 (AH 1279)323
1863/64 (AH 1280)323
1864/65 (AH 1281)414
1865/66 (AH 1282)303
1866/67 (AH 1283)202
1867/68 (AH 1284)313
1868/69 (AH 1285)303
1869/70 (AH 1286)414
1870/71 (AH 1287)848
1871/72 (AH 1288)818
1872/73 (AH 1289)919
1873/74 (AH 1290)10310
1874/75 (AH 1291)13513
1875/76 (AH 1292)16316
1876/77 (AH 1293)19419
1877/78 (AH 1294)17217
1878 (AH 1295)15015
1878/79 (AH 1296)15215
1879/80 (AH 1297)16316
1880/81 (AH 1298)21521
1881/82 (AH 1299)19019
1882/83 (AH 1300)18018
1883/84 (AH 1301)20320
1884/85 (AH 1302)20120
1885/86 (AH 1303)20020
1886/87 (AH 1304)20120
1887/88 (AH 1305)22222
1888/89 (AH 1306)20120
1889/90 (AH 1307)20220
1890/91 (AH 1308)22322
1891/92 (AH 1309)24524
1892/93 (AH 1310)25325
1893/94 (AH 1311)26526
1894/95 (AH 1312)25325
1895/96 (AH 1313)28528
1896/97 (AH 1314)24224
1897/98 (AH 1315)26626
1898/99 (AH 1316)23023
1899/1900 (AH 1317)21121
1900/01 (AH 1318)20020
1901/02 (AH 1319)22422
1902/03 (AH 1320)20220
1903/04 (AH 1321)20220
1904/05 (AH 1322)19119
1905/06 (AH 1323)16016
1906/07 (AH 1324)12112
1907/08 (AH 1325)101
1908/09 (AH 1326)101
1909/10 (AH 1327)111

An official is counted once in a year. First recorded is the first year in which the collection has an annual entry of the official on this page. It is not a hiring date.

Ottoman officials recorded

95 officials, the one with most annual entries first. The first 25 are shown, the others are under them.

Officials of Sevk Kalemi
OfficialYearsAnnual entriesKuruş a monthBirthplace
Mehmet Reşit Efendi1870 to 190738300 to 800Ioannina (Yanya)
Hasan Tahsin Efendi1874 to 190734150 to 480Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mehmet Cemal Efendi1872 to 19023180 to 570Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mustafa Hakkı Bey1875 to 190228260 to 650Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Abdullah Efendi1880 to 190727200 to 500Habesistan
Mehmet Ali Efendi1880 to 190727200 to 670Istanbul (Dersaadet)
İbrahim Hakkı Efendi1873 to 189826120 to 650Korçë (Görice)
Mehmet Şükrü Bey1871 to 189323570 to 800Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Salim Efendi1876 to 190619100 to 290Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Yusuf Ziya Bey1887 to 190518400 to 750Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Hacı Osman Nuri Efendi1860 to 189217250 to 1,250Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mehmet Nuri Efendi1890 to 19071775 to 750Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Telbadi (?) Efendi1874 to 189017300 to 500Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Edvar Galyar Efendi1893 to 190916465 to 550Istanbul (Dersaadet)
İsmail Mazhar Efendi1876 to 189116475 to 500Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mehmet Reşid Efendi1880 to 189616500 to 600Latakia (Lazkiye)
Ömer Lütfi Efendi1873 to 188816100 to 300Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Şinork Canban Efendi1878 to 189416500 to 700Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mehmet Emin Efendi1892 to 190715729 to 940Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mehmet Nezihi Efendi1893 to 190714135 to 500Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Ahmet Şakir Efendi1864 to 187813480 to 800Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mahmut Aziz Efendi1874 to 18861390 to 500Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Yusuf Agah Efendi1894 to 190713400 to 520Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Ahmet Kemal Bey1874 to 188912800 to 900Ohrid (Ohri)
Bekir Efendi1869 to 187911500 to 750Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Show the other 70 officials
Officials of Sevk Kalemi, continued
OfficialYearsAnnual entriesKuruş a monthBirthplace
Hasan Behçet Efendi1896 to 190711290 to 600Haskovo (Hasköy)
Mehmet Kadri Efendi1886 to 189711500 to 1,000Ürgüp
Ali Galip Efendi1894 to 190410200 to 270Kafkasya
Eksiri Erşidi Efendi1891 to 190110585 to 650Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mehmet Vehbi Efendi1870 to 187910150 to 800Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mustafa Hamdi Bey1863 to 187310380 to 800Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Ahmet Murat Efendi1897 to 1906950 to 220Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mehmet Bahaettin Bey1879 to 18889385 to 430Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mehmet Sait Efend1897 to 19058400 to 550Varna
Mehmet Ekrem Bey1890 to 18977250 to 290Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Zaharyan Zaharyari Efendi1892 to 18997380 to 450İzmit
İsmail Hakkı Efendi1897 to 1903630 to 160Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mustafa Zeki Efendi1870 to 18766200 to 450Kastamonu
Rüştü Efendi1883 to 18896250 to 500Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Ahmet Rifat Efendi1877 to 18815380 to 400Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Dikran Ansoryan Efendi1891 to 18965270 to 290Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Emin Efendi1883 to 18885150 to 200Istanbul (Dersaadet)
İbrahim Nazmi Efendi1902 to 19075500 to 580Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mehmet Fuat Efendi1888 to 18935100 to 130Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Ahmet Hulusi Efendi1892 to 18964240Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Ali Bedri Efendi1884 to 18884200 to 250Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Hacı Hüseyin Efendi1902 to 19064200Sofia (Sofya)
İsmail Hakkı Efendi1896 to 19004160 to 240Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mehmet Hayri Bey1889 to 18934640Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mehmet Şevki Efendi1890 to 18944850Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mustafa Fazıl Bey1887 to 18914500Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Hafız Ahmet Muhtar Efendi1903 to 19063350 to 375Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Hasan Tahsin Efendi1903 to 19063200 to 250Istanbul (Dersaadet)
İbrahim Neşet Bey1894 to 18973150 to 240Istanbul (Dersaadet)
İsmail Efendi1891 to 18943600 to 650Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mehmed Rıza Efendi1895 to 18983540 to 600Safranbolu
Mehmet Selim Efendi1901 to 19043500 to 600Chirpan (Çırpan)
Mehmet Şerefeddin Efendi1879 to 18823600Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Nişan Sultanyan Efendi1876 to 18783300Samsun
Ahmet Muhsin Efendi1895 to 18972300Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Ali Sırrı Efendi1899 to 19012150 to 180Istanbul (Dersaadet)
İstefan Diyon Efendi1880 to 18822200 to 300Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Kirkor Kakmaciyan Efendi1893 to 18952800Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mehmet Akif Efendi1863 to 18652750Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mehmet Murat Efendi1893 to 18952130 to 250Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mehmet Neşet Efendi1901 to 19032300 to 500Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mehmet Nuri Efendi1876 to 18782200Uşak
Mehmet Ruhi Bey1889 to 18912800Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mehmet Salim Efendi1874 to 18762530Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mehmet Tahir Efendi1875 to 18772775 to 800Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mustafa Daim Efendi1875 to 18772200 to 400Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mustafa Esat Efendi1897 to 18992200Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Osman Nuri Efendi1891 to 18932290İskilip
Rakım Bey1897 to 18992150Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Ali Efendi1909/101200Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Ali Rıza Efendi1906/071320Tekirdağ
Arganyan Karekin Efendi1880/811300Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Fethi Efendi1883/841400Aleppo (Halep)
Hafiz İbrahim Rüştü Efendi1891/921600Kastamonu
Hafız Mehmet Efendi1904/051300Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Hafız Nuri Efendi1895/961300Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Halil Fazıl Efendi1895/961300Beirut (Beyrut)
İsmail Ziya Efendi1873/741120Istanbul (Dersaadet)
İsmail Zühdü Bey1862/631450Istanbul (Dersaadet)
İsmet Efendi1897/981120Sarajevo (Saraybosna)
Mehmet Hayri Efendi1877/781300Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mehmet Nuri Efendi1893/941400Izmir (İzmir)
Mehmet Rıza Efendi1901/021275Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Raif Efendi1862/631250Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Refet Efendi1870/711250Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Süleyman Mazhar Bey1895/961300Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Yusuf Kemal Efendi1878/791150Ürgüp
Unnamed official (0007_0144; 285)1867 to 18736720 to 900Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Unnamed official (0007_0148; 293)1879 to 1883495 to 200Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Unnamed official (0067_0233, sayfa no:463)1901/021400Istanbul (Dersaadet)

Years run from the first to the last annual entry. An official without a recorded name is listed after the named officials.

How to read these records: years and calendars, what first recorded means, gaps between annual entries, and salaries.

Subjects