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Job title

Mektubi Kalemi

Office of the corresponding secretary

Group of job titles: Correspondence and registry

Stored spellings: Mektubi Kalemi; mektubi kalemi

Note: The mektubi was the corresponding secretary of a ministry or province, in charge of incoming and outgoing letters (Findley 1980, pp. 78, 179-180; TDV, Dahiliye Nezareti)

81 officials held the job title Mektubi Kalemi. Its 488 annual entries run from 1850 to 1910 (AH 1267 to 1327). The median of the 488 recorded monthly salaries is 437.5 kuruş, against 500 kuruş for the whole collection in the same years. The median entry paid 89 per cent of the collection median of its year. On average an official was paid more than 40 per cent of the other officials with a salary in the same year. Half of the officials have an entry in it in no more than 4 different years, and a quarter in 9 or more. It was the first title on record for 56 per cent of the officials and the last for 41 per cent. No other title is recorded for 16 per cent of them. The title held just before it by most officials is Muhabere Memuru (10 officials). The entries name 12 places. The place with the largest number of officials is Istanbul, with 64.

Officials
81
Years on recordAH 1267 to 1327, 58 years with an entry
1850 to 1910
Median monthly salary0.89× the collection median of the same years (500 kuruş)
437.5 kuruş
Places with officials
12
First job title on recordfor 45 of the 81 officials
56%

What the job was

A post in the office of the corresponding secretary (mektubi or mektupçu) of a ministry or a province. At the Sublime Porte the corresponding secretary of the grand vezir handled incoming and outgoing correspondence; ministries and provinces had corresponding secretaries of their own.

History

The Ministry of the Interior had a corresponding secretary for internal affairs (mektubi-i dahiliye) from its re-establishment in 1869, and the Ministry of Justice one from its regulation of 1879.

Sources

  1. Findley, Carter V. (1980). Bureaucratic Reform in the Ottoman Empire: The Sublime Porte, 1789-1922. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Pages or part: 78, 179-180. Used for: summary, history.
  2. Yavuz, Hulusi (1988). Adliye Nezâreti. TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, vol. 1, 389-390. Online copy (read 14 October 2026).Pages or part: 389. Used for: history.
  3. İpşirli, Mehmet (1993). Dahiliye Nezâreti. TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, vol. 8, 414-416. Online copy (read 14 October 2026).Pages or part: 415. Used for: summary, history.
All years

Monthly salary each year

The median of the 488 recorded monthly salaries is 437.5 kuruş, the mean 504 kuruş.
02004006008001853/54AH 12701858/59AH 12751863/64AH 12801868/69AH 12851873/74AH 12901878AH 12951882/83AH 13001887/88AH 13051892/93AH 13101897/98AH 13151902/03AH 13201907/08AH 1325Median 170 kuruş in 1907/08Mektubi Kalemi, median of years with 5 or more salariesMean of the same yearsWhole collectionFewer than 5 salaries, not joined to the line

The same numbers as a table
Monthly salary each year in kuruş, Mektubi Kalemi
YearRecorded salariesMedianMeanLower quartileUpper quartileMedian of the whole collection
1850/511100100100100175
1851/522150150125175282.5
1852/531100100100100350
1853/541100100100100400
1854/551100100100100400
1855/561140140140140450
1856/571140140140140375
1857/581200200200200475
1858/591230230230230500
1860/611412412412412500
1862/63140404040500
1864/65130303030625
1865/66150505050650
1866/67180808080600
1867/68180808080600
1868/69214514592.5197.5600
1869/701100100100100600
1870/712500500375625600
1871/723220286.67135405550
1872/734447.5447.5248.75646.25550
1873/747400420.71165675500
1874/759200335.56130500535
1875/7611400423.64140750530
1876/7717300441.76100800575
1877/7817400594.71250800560
187818450577.78260800600
1878/7921400564.76200800600
1879/8020380512.25237.5725500
1880/8117380433.82250600500
1881/8215450461.67300585500
1882/8314475487.86380552.5500
1883/8411500536.36415585500
1884/857570595.71450700500
1885/866575616.67400750500
1886/876575616.67400750500
1887/885700740600800500
1888/899650650400850500
1889/909500523.33360750500
1890/9111600680.91405840500
1891/9210580535382.5797.5500
1892/9312450490237.5707.5500
1893/949550543.33400660500
1894/957530540375725500
1895/9611475514.55125750500
1896/9713495469.23120585500
1897/9813450498.85120650500
1898/9912472.5537.08145690500
1899/190013500591.54215650500
1900/0114475582.86295681.25500
1901/0215500546.33200652.5500
1902/0317400499.12220600500
1903/0419400486.05200610475
1904/0519400486.05200610450
1905/0622287.5463.64165695475
1906/0712477.5580.83180812.5450
1907/086170277.575235300
1908/093400530295700350
1909/1036008504251,150462.5

Salaries are nominal monthly amounts in kuruş, as assigned. The thick line is the median of each year and the thin line the mean. A year with fewer than 5 recorded salaries is drawn as an open mark and is not joined to the line.

Pay against the whole collection

Officials by their median monthly salary in this job
Officials of this jobWhole collection
16%16%17%7%11%14%10%2%6%01002003004005007501,0001,5002,500

81 officials with a salary, each counted once in the band of the median of the official's salaries in this job. A bar runs from its number to the next; the last is 2,500 kuruş and more. Most officials (17%) are in the band 200 to 300 kuruş.

The same numbers as a table
Officials of Mektubi Kalemi by median monthly salary
Median monthly salary, kuruşOfficialsShareWhole collection
0 to 1001316%3%
100 to 2001316%10%
200 to 3001417%17%
300 to 40067%18%
400 to 500911%17%
500 to 7501114%23%
750 to 1,000810%5%
1,000 to 1,50022%4%
1,500 to 2,50056%2%
2,500 and more00%1%

The median of the 488 recorded monthly salaries of this job is 437.5 kuruş. In the same years the whole collection paid a median of 500 kuruş. The median entry paid 0.89× the collection median of its year, and the middle half of the entries between 0.4× and 1.4×. On average an official of this job was paid more than 40% of the other paid officials of the same year.

Times the collection median0.89×0.25×0.5×1×2×4×Share of paid officials earning less40%0%25%50%75%100%

The dot is the median, the box the middle half of the entries. Dashed lines: the collection median of the same years (1×) and the middle of the paid officials (50%).

Where the job was held

All years
12 places with officials on record, 12 of them with a position on the map. A larger dot means more officials.
Seat of a province (vilayet) Other place Office or region
Istanbul (Dersaadet)Baghdad (Bağdat)DiyarbakırErzurumSivasBitola (Manastır)KastamonuTrabzonYemenFurther places64 officials1 official

The 10 places with most officials, of 12, all years
PlaceOfficialsRemark
Istanbul (Dersaadet)64
Baghdad (Bağdat)3
Diyarbakır2
Erzurum2
Sadaret2
Sivas2
Beyoğlu1
Bitola (Manastır)1
Kastamonu1
Trabzon1

Career paths: the titles just before and after

The number is the officials who made the move. Under it, the median change of the monthly salary: the first salary of the later title less the last salary of the earlier one, where at least 5 moves have both.

Held just before

The title of the entries just before a run of Mektubi Kalemi. Pay: the change on moving from that title to Mektubi Kalemi. The 8 titles with most officials, of 38 moves in all.

  1. Muhabere Memurucommunications official (telegraph operator)10pay +137.5 kuruş (+39%)
  2. Muhasebe Kalemiaccounts office3
  3. Tahrirat Kalemicorrespondence office3
  4. Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyetipost of official for foreign communications2
  5. Mühimme Kalemioffice for important affairs2
  6. 2. Müdürdirector of the second grade1
  7. Baskatip1
  8. Başmüdürchief director1

Held just after

The title of the entries just after a run of Mektubi Kalemi. Pay: the change on moving from Mektubi Kalemi to that title. The 8 titles with most officials, of 50 moves in all.

  1. Posta Memurupostal official4
  2. Memurofficial3
  3. Muhabere Memurucommunications official (telegraph operator)3
  4. Muhasebe Kalemiaccounts office3
  5. Sevk Kalemidispatch office3
  6. Eşya Kalemigoods and stores office2
  7. Evrak Kalemidocuments office2
  8. Kontrol Kalemicontrol office2

Of the 45 moves shown, 6 cross at least one year without an annual entry; nothing is known about those years. Two posts held in the same years are not counted as a move.

Time in the job

Years with an entry in the job
4 yearsmedian over 81 officials
A quarter of the officials
9 years or moreupper quartile
Most years of one official
29 years
  1. First job title on recordthe first year with an entry with a job title has it56%45 officials
  2. Last job title on recordthe last such year has it41%33 officials
  3. No other job titlein the whole record16%13 officials
  4. One place in the jobof 81 officials with a place recorded100%81 officials

Years are years with an annual entry in the job, each counted once for an official. They need not follow one another, and nothing is known about a year without an entry. With two posts in the first or last year, both count.

Who held the job

Officials of this jobWhole collection

Community

81 officials with it recorded.

  1. Muslim (Müslüman)99%80
  2. Jewish (Musevi)1%1

Age at the first annual entry in the job

81 officials with it recorded.

  1. under 151%1
  2. 15 to 1931%25
  3. 20 to 2436%29
  4. 25 to 294%3
  5. 30 to 3416%13
  6. 35 to 395%4
  7. 40 and over7%6

Province of birth

77 officials with it recorded. 10 other values not shown.

  1. Istanbul (Dersaadet) province65%50
  2. Eastern Rumelia (Rumeli-i Şarkî) province4%3
  3. Sivas province4%3
  4. Bosnia (Bosna) province3%2
  5. Crete (Girit) province3%2
  6. Diyarbakır province3%2
  7. Erzurum province3%2
  8. Hejaz (Hicaz) province3%2

Schooling

78 officials with it recorded. An official can have several, so the shares add up to more than 100%. The groups of the schools recorded for each official.

  1. Rüşdiye59%46
  2. Primary19%15
  3. Higher or professional17%13
  4. Other named school6%5
  5. Darüşşafaka5%4
  6. İdadi3%2
  7. Community school1%1

Languages

79 officials with it recorded. An official can have several, so the shares add up to more than 100%.

  1. Turkish100%79
  2. French15%12
  3. Arabic14%11
  4. Persian9%7
  5. Circassian1%1

Qualification

80 officials with it recorded. A diploma, certificate, training or decoration (nişan) recorded in the schooling or the work.

  1. No76%61
  2. Yes24%19

Source of the record

81 officials with it recorded.

  1. Post and Telegraph99%80
  2. Cross-ministry workbook1%1

Officials on record each year

The fullest year is 1905/06 (AH 1323) with 22 officials. Years with an annual entry: 58.
05101520251853/54AH 12701858/59AH 12751863/64AH 12801868/69AH 12851873/74AH 12901878AH 12951882/83AH 13001887/88AH 13051892/93AH 13101897/98AH 13151902/03AH 13201907/08AH 132522 in 1905/06Recorded in an earlier year tooFirst recorded in this year

The same numbers as a table
Officials on record each year, Mektubi Kalemi
YearOfficials on recordFirst recordedAnnual entries
1850/51 (AH 1267)111
1851/52 (AH 1268)212
1852/53 (AH 1269)101
1853/54 (AH 1270)101
1854/55 (AH 1271)101
1855/56 (AH 1272)101
1856/57 (AH 1273)101
1857/58 (AH 1274)101
1858/59 (AH 1275)101
1860/61 (AH 1277)101
1862/63 (AH 1279)111
1864/65 (AH 1281)111
1865/66 (AH 1282)101
1866/67 (AH 1283)101
1867/68 (AH 1284)101
1868/69 (AH 1285)222
1869/70 (AH 1286)101
1870/71 (AH 1287)212
1871/72 (AH 1288)323
1872/73 (AH 1289)414
1873/74 (AH 1290)737
1874/75 (AH 1291)949
1875/76 (AH 1292)11411
1876/77 (AH 1293)17717
1877/78 (AH 1294)17217
1878 (AH 1295)18218
1878/79 (AH 1296)21321
1879/80 (AH 1297)20320
1880/81 (AH 1298)17117
1881/82 (AH 1299)15015
1882/83 (AH 1300)14014
1883/84 (AH 1301)11011
1884/85 (AH 1302)707
1885/86 (AH 1303)606
1886/87 (AH 1304)606
1887/88 (AH 1305)505
1888/89 (AH 1306)929
1889/90 (AH 1307)929
1890/91 (AH 1308)11311
1891/92 (AH 1309)10010
1892/93 (AH 1310)12312
1893/94 (AH 1311)909
1894/95 (AH 1312)707
1895/96 (AH 1313)11511
1896/97 (AH 1314)13313
1897/98 (AH 1315)13213
1898/99 (AH 1316)12012
1899/1900 (AH 1317)13213
1900/01 (AH 1318)14214
1901/02 (AH 1319)15415
1902/03 (AH 1320)17217
1903/04 (AH 1321)19319
1904/05 (AH 1322)19019
1905/06 (AH 1323)22422
1906/07 (AH 1324)12312
1907/08 (AH 1325)606
1908/09 (AH 1326)303
1909/10 (AH 1327)323

An official is counted once in a year. First recorded is the first year in which the collection has an annual entry of the official on this page. It is not a hiring date.

Places

Places of Mektubi Kalemi, the place with most officials first
PlaceProvinceOfficialsAnnual entriesYears
Istanbul (Dersaadet)Istanbul (Dersaadet) province644081850 to 1910
Baghdad (Bağdat)Baghdad (Bağdat) province3111878 to 1903
SadaretIstanbul (Dersaadet) province2251851 to 1889
SivasSivas province2141873 to 1881
DiyarbakırDiyarbakır province221876/77
ErzurumErzurum province221870 to 1878
BeyoğluIstanbul (Dersaadet) province1101896 to 1906
Bitola (Manastır)Bitola (Manastır) province161900 to 1906
ÜsküdarIstanbul (Dersaadet) province151878 to 1883
TrabzonTrabzon province131871 to 1874
KastamonuKastamonu province111879/80
YemenYemen province111879/80

Ottoman officials recorded

81 officials, the one with most annual entries first. The first 25 are shown, the others are under them.

Officials of Mektubi Kalemi
OfficialYearsAnnual entriesKuruş a monthBirthplace
Salih Hulusi Efendi1871 to 190729590 to 1,000Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Hafız Kemal Bey1875 to 189723600 to 1,000Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Ali Bey1873 to 189418100 to 660Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mehmet Nazmi Bey1872 to 188918595 to 1,500Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Ali Rıza Efendi1880 to 189717100 to 600Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mehmet Arif Bey1874 to 18891660 to 700Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mehmet Raşit Efendi 12771890 to 190616450 to 725Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Ahmet Efendi1878 to 189215700 to 900Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mehmet Asım Bey1892 to 190614250 to 550Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mehmet Raif Efendi1889 to 190614100 to 300Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Ahmet Haydar Bey1875 to 188511570Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mahmut Aziz Efendi1895 to 1906111,305 to 1,500Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Ali Nail Efendi1896 to 19061030 to 250Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Nuri Efendi1896 to 190610495 to 710Kazanlak (Kızanlık)
Tahir Efendi1897 to 1907101,500Heraklion (Kandiye)
Hasan Tahsin Efendi1890 to 1899950 to 150Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mehmet Memduh Bey1874 to 18829330 to 600Cerkezistan
Mustafa Asım Efendi1897 to 19069110 to 270Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mustafa Mazlum Efendi1873 to 18819130 to 200Sivas
Mustafa Tevfik Efendi1851 to 18619100 to 412Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Ömer Mustafa Bey1876 to 18849300 to 400Medina (Medine)
Ahmet Hamdi Bey1901 to 19098575 to 1,000Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Hafız Hilmi Efendi1876 to 18838380 to 400Cerkezistan
Hüsnü Efendi1876 to 18838190 to 450Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mehmet Celalettin Efendi1879 to 18878150 to 350Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Show the other 56 officials
Officials of Mektubi Kalemi, continued
OfficialYearsAnnual entriesKuruş a monthBirthplace
Mehmet Celalettin Efendi1901 to 1909875 to 190Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Muhyiddin Bey1868 to 1875740 to 500Damascus (Şam)
Ömer Bey1878 to 18847150 to 500Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Osman Mazhar Bey1875 to 18817700 to 800Izmir (İzmir)
Hüseyin Remzi Efendi1900 to 19066500Niš (Niş)
Mehmed Kâzım Bey1889 to 18956360 to 400Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mehmet Cemal Efendi1878 to 18846250 to 500Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mehmet Asaf Efendi1895 to 19005475 to 550Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mehmet Hayri Efendi1901 to 19105400 to 1,700Bosna
Mehmet Kemaleddin Efendi1901 to 19065100Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mehmet Murad Efendi1878 to 1883595 to 300Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mehmet Şükrü Efendi1875 to 1879520 to 40Sivas
Mustafa Hilmi Efendi1888 to 18935500 to 980Kazanlak (Kızanlık)
Ahmet Azmi Bey1903 to 19074620 to 680Hersek
ALİ CEVAT EFENDİ1902 to 1906465 to 120Stara Zagora (Eski Zağra)
Ali Rıza Efendi1876 to 18794100 to 700Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mehmet Emin Bey1864 to 1868430 to 80Istanbul (Dersaadet)
MEHMET EMİN EFENDİ1902 to 1906430 to 80Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mehmet Rıfat Efendi1903 to 19074250 to 275Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mehmet Salim Bey1877 to 188041,200 to 1,650Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mehmet Salim Efendi1876 to 18794800 to 900Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mustafa Halit Efendi1899 to 19034215 to 300Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Ali Kudret Efendi1905 to 1908350Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mahmut Asım Efendi1905 to 19083250Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mehmed Sami Efendi1871 to 1874350 to 200Kütahya
Mehmet Cemil Efendi1906 to 1909325 to 400Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mehmet Hamit Efendi1903 to 19063180 to 210Koprucuk
Mehmet Salih Efendi1905 to 19083130 to 150Mecca (Mekke)
Ahmet Celalettin Efendi1896 to 1898270Gerede
Ali Rıza Bey1892 to 18942450 to 550Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Halil Fahri Bey1850 to 18522100 to 200Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Hasan Azmi Efendi1874 to 18762150Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mehmet Ekrem Bey1888 to 18902250Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Ahmet Efendi1909/101250Ürgüp
Ahmet Tevfik Bey1868/691250Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Ali Efendi1877/781800Erzurum
Ali Rıza Bey1900/011400Mytilene (Midilli)
Hafız Hüseyin Müştak Efendi1895/961150Trabzon
Hafiz Huseyin Sabri Efendi1873/741600Cerkezistan
Hasan Fehmi Efendi1909/101600Tyre (Sur)
Hüseyin Rıza Efendi1906/0711,500Istanbul (Dersaadet)
İbrahim Efendi1892/93140Baghdad (Bağdat)
İsmail Ragıp Efendi1895/96125Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mahmut Hulusi Efendi1905/061300Crete (Girit)
Mehmet Cemil Beyefendi1876/771100Diyarbakır
Mehmet Cemil Efendi1876/771100Diyarbakır
Mehmet Nazif Bey1878/791100Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mehmet Sadık Efendi1879/80150Kastamonu
Mehmet Şükrü Bey1862/63140Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mehmet Talat Efendi1890/9112,140Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Muhyiddin Nuri Efendi1879/8011,250Sivas
Mustafa Daim Efendi1874/751200Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mustafa Kemal Bey1906/071800Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Osman Ferit Efendi1870/711750Erzurum
Unnamed official (0087_0146, sayfa no:289.)1895 to 1901660 to 425Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Unnamed official (0049_0031; 59)1899 to 19012450Istanbul (Dersaadet)

Years run from the first to the last annual entry. An official without a recorded name is listed after the named officials.

How to read these records: years and calendars, what first recorded means, gaps between annual entries, and salaries.

Subjects