Job title
Evrak Kalemi
Documents office
Group of job titles: Correspondence and registry
Stored spellings: Evrak Kalemi; evrak kalemi
78 officials held the job title Evrak Kalemi. Its 436 annual entries run from 1860 to 1912 (AH 1277 to 1330). The median of the 436 recorded monthly salaries is 300 kuruş, against 500 kuruş for the whole collection in the same years. The median entry paid 60 per cent of the collection median of its year. On average an official was paid more than 28 per cent of the other officials with a salary in the same year. Half of the officials have an entry in it in no more than 3 different years, and a quarter in 9 or more. It was the first title on record for 40 per cent of the officials and the last for 45 per cent. No other title is recorded for 19 per cent of them. The title held just before it by most officials is Muhabere Memuru (8 officials), and the title held just after it by most officials is Muhasebe Kalemi (5 officials). The entries name 11 places. The place with the largest number of officials is Istanbul, with 68.
- Officials
- 78
- Years on recordAH 1277 to 1330, 53 years with an entry
- 1860 to 1912
- Median monthly salary0.6× the collection median of the same years (500 kuruş)
- 300 kuruş
- Places with officials
- 11
- First job title on recordfor 31 of the 78 officials
- 40%
What the job was
A post in a records office (evrak kalemi or evrak odası). By 1861 the Sublime Porte had a Records Office (Bab-ı Ali Evrak Odası), which supervised the flow of documents between the Porte and other offices and kept records so that documents could be found when needed.
History
The regulation of 1879 for the Ministry of Justice placed a director of records (evrak müdürü) among its central officials.
Sources
- Findley, Carter V. (1980). Bureaucratic Reform in the Ottoman Empire: The Sublime Porte, 1789-1922. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Pages or part: 171-172. Used for: summary.
- Yavuz, Hulusi (1988). Adliye Nezâreti. TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, vol. 1, 389-390. Online copy (read 14 October 2026).Pages or part: 389. Used for: history.
Monthly salary each year
The same numbers as a table
| Year | Recorded salaries | Median | Mean | Lower quartile | Upper quartile | Median of the whole collection |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1860/61 | 1 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 500 |
| 1861/62 | 1 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 600 |
| 1862/63 | 1 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 500 |
| 1863/64 | 1 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 500 |
| 1864/65 | 1 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 625 |
| 1865/66 | 3 | 400 | 366.67 | 250 | 500 | 650 |
| 1866/67 | 3 | 400 | 366.67 | 250 | 500 | 600 |
| 1867/68 | 2 | 250 | 250 | 175 | 325 | 600 |
| 1868/69 | 3 | 150 | 216.67 | 125 | 275 | 600 |
| 1869/70 | 1 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 600 |
| 1871/72 | 2 | 300 | 300 | 275 | 325 | 550 |
| 1872/73 | 2 | 575 | 575 | 462.5 | 687.5 | 550 |
| 1873/74 | 2 | 200 | 200 | 150 | 250 | 500 |
| 1874/75 | 5 | 410 | 502 | 350 | 500 | 535 |
| 1875/76 | 6 | 425 | 518.33 | 362.5 | 600 | 530 |
| 1876/77 | 5 | 500 | 690 | 400 | 950 | 575 |
| 1877/78 | 5 | 800 | 820 | 400 | 950 | 560 |
| 1878 | 6 | 675 | 808.33 | 437.5 | 912.5 | 600 |
| 1878/79 | 6 | 675 | 891.67 | 437.5 | 912.5 | 600 |
| 1879/80 | 9 | 400 | 468.89 | 200 | 600 | 500 |
| 1880/81 | 8 | 410 | 390 | 200 | 562.5 | 500 |
| 1881/82 | 8 | 410 | 390 | 200 | 562.5 | 500 |
| 1882/83 | 7 | 440 | 437.14 | 335 | 575 | 500 |
| 1883/84 | 8 | 335 | 323.12 | 166.25 | 467.5 | 500 |
| 1884/85 | 5 | 420 | 382 | 300 | 440 | 500 |
| 1885/86 | 4 | 430 | 402.5 | 365 | 467.5 | 500 |
| 1886/87 | 5 | 440 | 441 | 420 | 500 | 500 |
| 1887/88 | 6 | 430 | 373.33 | 240 | 522.5 | 500 |
| 1888/89 | 7 | 500 | 367.14 | 125 | 560 | 500 |
| 1889/90 | 7 | 200 | 340 | 135 | 590 | 500 |
| 1890/91 | 7 | 150 | 271.43 | 110 | 400 | 500 |
| 1891/92 | 11 | 150 | 278.64 | 100 | 470 | 500 |
| 1892/93 | 12 | 255 | 314.17 | 100 | 492.5 | 500 |
| 1893/94 | 15 | 300 | 334 | 100 | 500 | 500 |
| 1894/95 | 17 | 200 | 292.94 | 100 | 475 | 500 |
| 1895/96 | 18 | 210 | 297.22 | 126.25 | 431.25 | 500 |
| 1896/97 | 16 | 217.5 | 280.31 | 137.5 | 386.25 | 500 |
| 1897/98 | 20 | 222.5 | 281.75 | 147.5 | 400 | 500 |
| 1898/99 | 21 | 250 | 320.95 | 150 | 500 | 500 |
| 1899/1900 | 21 | 300 | 361.9 | 200 | 450 | 500 |
| 1900/01 | 23 | 300 | 353.91 | 200 | 450 | 500 |
| 1901/02 | 25 | 250 | 320.4 | 170 | 425 | 500 |
| 1902/03 | 22 | 245 | 319.32 | 177.5 | 462.5 | 500 |
| 1903/04 | 23 | 240 | 315.87 | 132.5 | 487.5 | 475 |
| 1904/05 | 23 | 300 | 320.65 | 140 | 487.5 | 450 |
| 1905/06 | 12 | 235 | 236.67 | 90 | 312.5 | 475 |
| 1906/07 | 8 | 240 | 261.25 | 125 | 356.25 | 450 |
| 1907/08 | 4 | 220 | 210 | 125 | 305 | 300 |
| 1908/09 | 3 | 150 | 166.67 | 100 | 225 | 350 |
| 1909/10 | 2 | 350 | 350 | 325 | 375 | 462.5 |
| 1910/11 | 1 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 500 |
| 1911 | 1 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 500 |
| 1911/12 | 1 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 900 |
Salaries are nominal monthly amounts in kuruş, as assigned. The thick line is the median of each year and the thin line the mean. A year with fewer than 5 recorded salaries is drawn as an open mark and is not joined to the line. The chart ends in 1910/11 (AH 1328): from 1911 to 1918 the whole collection has only 169 recorded salaries in all. The table gives those years too.
Pay against the whole collection
78 officials with a salary, each counted once in the band of the median of the official's salaries in this job. A bar runs from its number to the next; the last is 2,500 kuruş and more. Most officials (28%) are in the band 100 to 200 kuruş.
The same numbers as a table
| Median monthly salary, kuruş | Officials | Share | Whole collection |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 to 100 | 8 | 10% | 3% |
| 100 to 200 | 22 | 28% | 10% |
| 200 to 300 | 14 | 18% | 17% |
| 300 to 400 | 8 | 10% | 18% |
| 400 to 500 | 12 | 15% | 17% |
| 500 to 750 | 12 | 15% | 23% |
| 750 to 1,000 | 1 | 1% | 5% |
| 1,000 to 1,500 | 0 | 0% | 4% |
| 1,500 to 2,500 | 1 | 1% | 2% |
| 2,500 and more | 0 | 0% | 1% |
The median of the 436 recorded monthly salaries of this job is 300 kuruş. In the same years the whole collection paid a median of 500 kuruş. The median entry paid 0.6× the collection median of its year, and the middle half of the entries between 0.3× and 1×. On average an official of this job was paid more than 28% of the other paid officials of the same year.
The dot is the median, the box the middle half of the entries. Dashed lines: the collection median of the same years (1×) and the middle of the paid officials (50%).
Where the job was held
| Place | Officials | Remark |
|---|---|---|
| Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 68 | |
| Beyoğlu | 2 | |
| Babiali | 1 | |
| Baghdad (Bağdat) | 1 | in the small map |
| Demirköy (Samakovcuk) | 1 | |
| Prizren | 1 | |
| Sehremaneti | 1 | |
| Siirt | 1 | in the small map |
| Thessaloniki (Selanik) | 1 | |
| Yeni camii postanesi | 1 |
Career paths: the titles just before and after
The number is the officials who made the move. Under it, the median change of the monthly salary: the first salary of the later title less the last salary of the earlier one, where at least 5 moves have both.
Held just before
The title of the entries just before a run of Evrak Kalemi. Pay: the change on moving from that title to Evrak Kalemi. The 8 titles with most officials, of 50 moves in all.
Held just after
The title of the entries just after a run of Evrak Kalemi. Pay: the change on moving from Evrak Kalemi to that title. The 8 titles with most officials, of 46 moves in all.
Of the 49 moves shown, 5 cross at least one year without an annual entry; nothing is known about those years. Two posts held in the same years are not counted as a move.
Time in the job
- Years with an entry in the job
- 3 yearsmedian over 78 officials
- A quarter of the officials
- 9 years or moreupper quartile
- Most years of one official
- 20 years
Years are years with an annual entry in the job, each counted once for an official. They need not follow one another, and nothing is known about a year without an entry. With two posts in the first or last year, both count.
Who held the job
Officials of this jobWhole collection
Community
78 officials with it recorded.
Age at the first annual entry in the job
78 officials with it recorded.
Province of birth
73 officials with it recorded. 4 other values not shown.
Schooling
76 officials with it recorded. An official can have several, so the shares add up to more than 100%. The groups of the schools recorded for each official.
Languages
75 officials with it recorded. An official can have several, so the shares add up to more than 100%. 2 other values not shown.
Qualification
77 officials with it recorded. A diploma, certificate, training or decoration (nişan) recorded in the schooling or the work.
Officials on record each year
The same numbers as a table
| Year | Officials on record | First recorded | Annual entries |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1860/61 (AH 1277) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 1861/62 (AH 1278) | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 1862/63 (AH 1279) | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 1863/64 (AH 1280) | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 1864/65 (AH 1281) | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 1865/66 (AH 1282) | 3 | 2 | 3 |
| 1866/67 (AH 1283) | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 1867/68 (AH 1284) | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 1868/69 (AH 1285) | 3 | 1 | 3 |
| 1869/70 (AH 1286) | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 1871/72 (AH 1288) | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| 1872/73 (AH 1289) | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| 1873/74 (AH 1290) | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| 1874/75 (AH 1291) | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| 1875/76 (AH 1292) | 6 | 2 | 6 |
| 1876/77 (AH 1293) | 5 | 1 | 5 |
| 1877/78 (AH 1294) | 5 | 1 | 5 |
| 1878 (AH 1295) | 6 | 1 | 6 |
| 1878/79 (AH 1296) | 6 | 0 | 6 |
| 1879/80 (AH 1297) | 9 | 3 | 9 |
| 1880/81 (AH 1298) | 8 | 1 | 8 |
| 1881/82 (AH 1299) | 8 | 0 | 8 |
| 1882/83 (AH 1300) | 7 | 0 | 7 |
| 1883/84 (AH 1301) | 8 | 2 | 8 |
| 1884/85 (AH 1302) | 5 | 0 | 5 |
| 1885/86 (AH 1303) | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 1886/87 (AH 1304) | 5 | 1 | 5 |
| 1887/88 (AH 1305) | 6 | 2 | 6 |
| 1888/89 (AH 1306) | 7 | 2 | 7 |
| 1889/90 (AH 1307) | 7 | 1 | 7 |
| 1890/91 (AH 1308) | 7 | 1 | 7 |
| 1891/92 (AH 1309) | 11 | 4 | 11 |
| 1892/93 (AH 1310) | 12 | 2 | 12 |
| 1893/94 (AH 1311) | 15 | 4 | 15 |
| 1894/95 (AH 1312) | 17 | 5 | 17 |
| 1895/96 (AH 1313) | 18 | 2 | 18 |
| 1896/97 (AH 1314) | 16 | 1 | 16 |
| 1897/98 (AH 1315) | 20 | 4 | 20 |
| 1898/99 (AH 1316) | 21 | 1 | 21 |
| 1899/1900 (AH 1317) | 21 | 2 | 21 |
| 1900/01 (AH 1318) | 23 | 3 | 23 |
| 1901/02 (AH 1319) | 25 | 4 | 25 |
| 1902/03 (AH 1320) | 22 | 3 | 22 |
| 1903/04 (AH 1321) | 23 | 4 | 23 |
| 1904/05 (AH 1322) | 23 | 5 | 23 |
| 1905/06 (AH 1323) | 12 | 0 | 12 |
| 1906/07 (AH 1324) | 8 | 1 | 8 |
| 1907/08 (AH 1325) | 4 | 1 | 4 |
| 1908/09 (AH 1326) | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 1909/10 (AH 1327) | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| 1910/11 (AH 1328) | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 1911 (AH 1329) | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 1911/12 (AH 1330) | 1 | 0 | 1 |
An official is counted once in a year. First recorded is the first year in which the collection has an annual entry of the official on this page. It is not a hiring date.
Places
| Place | Province | Officials | Annual entries | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Istanbul (Dersaadet) | Istanbul (Dersaadet) province | 68 | 400 | 1860 to 1912 |
| Beyoğlu | Istanbul (Dersaadet) province | 2 | 2 | 1900 to 1910 |
| Sehremaneti | Istanbul (Dersaadet) province | 1 | 12 | 1894 to 1906 |
| Yeni camii postanesi | Istanbul (Dersaadet) province | 1 | 10 | 1891 to 1901 |
| Babiali | Istanbul (Dersaadet) province | 1 | 3 | 1890 to 1893 |
| Demirköy (Samakovcuk) | Edirne province | 1 | 3 | 1899 to 1902 |
| Prizren | Kosovo (Kosova) province | 1 | 2 | 1880 to 1882 |
| Baghdad (Bağdat) | Baghdad (Bağdat) province | 1 | 1 | 1883/84 |
| Siirt | Bitlis province | 1 | 1 | 1879/80 |
| Thessaloniki (Selanik) | Thessaloniki (Selanik) province | 1 | 1 | 1903/04 |
| Zor | Zor province | 1 | 1 | 1891/92 |
Ottoman officials recorded
78 officials, the one with most annual entries first. The first 25 are shown, the others are under them.
| Official | Years | Annual entries | Kuruş a month | Birthplace |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mehmed Tevfik Efendi | 1887 to 1907 | 20 | 100 to 525 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Mahmut Efendi | 1886 to 1905 | 19 | 500 to 720 | Dagistan |
| Osman Nuri Efendi | 1888 to 1905 | 17 | 100 to 370 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| İsmail Nuri Efendi | 1875 to 1896 | 16 | 60 to 640 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Osman Efendi | 1876 to 1893 | 16 | 380 to 650 | Cerkezistan |
| Hacı Ali Ratıp Efendi | 1879 to 1894 | 15 | 500 to 680 | Pazardzhik (Tatarpazarcığı) |
| Abdullah Faik Efendi | 1893 to 1907 | 14 | 80 to 250 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| İsmail Hakkı Efendi | 1892 to 1906 | 14 | 25 to 350 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Mustafa Nazif Efendi | 1891 to 1905 | 14 | 50 to 300 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Mehmet Emin Efendi | 1892 to 1905 | 13 | 450 to 890 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Osman Cemal Efendi | 1900 to 1912 | 13 | 200 to 400 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Hafız Halil Efendi | 1878 to 1889 | 12 | 400 to 550 | Bergama |
| İbrahim Hakkı Efendi | 1894 to 1906 | 12 | 70 to 240 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Ahmet Hamdi Efendi | 1888 to 1899 | 11 | 100 to 500 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Hafiz Huseyin Sabri Efendi | 1874 to 1884 | 11 | 500 to 950 | Cerkezistan |
| Ahmet Hamdi | 1894 to 1904 | 10 | 50 to 210 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Mehmed Şemsi Efendi | 1860 to 1870 | 10 | 30 to 100 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Mehmet Nazif Bey | 1897 to 1907 | 10 | 400 to 550 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Osman Hilmi Efendi | 1891 to 1901 | 10 | 400 to 700 | Varna |
| Hafız Ahmet Hamdi Efendi | 1894 to 1903 | 9 | 80 to 200 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Hüseyin Recai Efendi | 1893 to 1902 | 9 | 100 to 400 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Ahmet Cemil Efendi | 1899 to 1908 | 8 | 200 to 350 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Mehmet Fuat Efendi | 1897 to 1905 | 8 | 220 to 475 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Hasan Said Efendi | 1877 to 1883 | 7 | 600 to 800 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| İbrahim Hilmi Efendi | 1898 to 1905 | 7 | 540 to 600 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
Show the other 53 officials
| Official | Years | Annual entries | Kuruş a month | Birthplace |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| İsmail Hakkı Efendi | 1897 to 1904 | 7 | 70 to 180 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Kadri Efendi | 1874 to 1880 | 7 | 900 to 2,500 | Sivas |
| Ahmet Hamdi Efendi | 1894 to 1900 | 6 | 630 to 700 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Ahmet Nefi Efendi | 1897 to 1902 | 5 | 50 to 150 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Hıfzı Efendi | 1904 to 1909 | 5 | 150 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Mehmet Hayri Efendi | 1899 to 1904 | 5 | 100 to 140 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| AHMET KEMAL EFENDİ | 1902 to 1906 | 4 | 40 to 100 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Mehmet İhsan Efendi | 1901 to 1905 | 4 | 125 to 140 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Mustafa Efendi | 1865 to 1869 | 4 | 400 | Kemaliye (Eğin) |
| Hüseyin Efendi | 1904 to 1907 | 3 | 35 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Mahmut Eşref Efendi | 1874 to 1877 | 3 | 410 to 500 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Mehmet Emin Efendi | 1891 to 1894 | 3 | 75 to 100 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Mehmet Memduh Bey | 1871 to 1874 | 3 | 300 to 350 | Cerkezistan |
| Mehmet Rauf Efendi | 1889 to 1892 | 3 | 50 to 100 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Mehmet Remzi Efendi | 1902 to 1905 | 3 | 100 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Mehmet Ziyaettin Efendi | 1890 to 1893 | 3 | 100 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Mustafa Arif Efendi | 1896 to 1899 | 3 | 30 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Şevki Efendi | 1904 to 1907 | 3 | 50 | Razgrad (Hezargrad) |
| Ahmet Şevki Efendi | 1903 to 1905 | 2 | 550 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Hacı Mahmut Rifat Efendi | 1865 to 1867 | 2 | 600 | Aleppo (Halep) |
| İbrahim Halil Efendi | 1894 to 1896 | 2 | 200 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Kadri İhsan Efendi | 1907 to 1909 | 2 | 50 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Mehmet Besim Efendi | 1880 to 1882 | 2 | 200 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Mehmet Faik Efendi | 1874 to 1876 | 2 | 350 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Mehmet Muhyiddin Efendi | 1904 to 1906 | 2 | 60 | Manisa |
| Mehmet Veysi Efendi | 1903 to 1905 | 2 | 100 to 140 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Salih Tevfik Efendi | 1893 to 1895 | 2 | 400 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Abdürrezzak Efendi | 1883/84 | 1 | 65 | Baghdad (Bağdat) |
| Ahmet Hilmi Efendi | 1879/80 | 1 | 190 | Mosul (Musul) |
| Ahmet Nazif Efendi | 1874/75 | 1 | 350 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Ali Nevzad Bey | 1875/76 | 1 | 400 | Erzurum |
| Ali Vahid Efendi | 1901/02 | 1 | 100 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Andon Tomasyan Efendi | 1868/69 | 1 | 150 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Antuan Teofilidi Efendi | 1900/01 | 1 | 400 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Ethem Efendi | 1872/73 | 1 | 800 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Hacı Ahmet Lütfü Efendi | 1904/05 | 1 | 300 | Sohun |
| Hüseyin Mecid Efendi | 1887/88 | 1 | 180 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| İbrahim Efendi | 1883/84 | 1 | 60 | Baghdad (Bağdat) |
| Jan Ponati Efendi | 1909/10 | 1 | 300 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Kevser Efendi | 1891/92 | 1 | 540 | Kirkuk (Kerkük) |
| Mehmet İhsan Efendi | 1902/03 | 1 | 200 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Mehmet Saim Efendi | 1903/04 | 1 | 100 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Mehmet Şükrü Efendi | 1895/96 | 1 | 220 | Isparta |
| Mehmet Vamık Efendi | 1901/02 | 1 | 100 | Pristina (Priştine) |
| Mustafa Nazif Bey | 1903/04 | 1 | 100 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Salim Efendi | 1873/74 | 1 | 100 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Şinork Canban Efendi | 1871/72 | 1 | 250 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Unnamed official (0049_0032; 61) | 1895 to 1903 | 8 | 300 to 480 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Unnamed official (0006_0311; 617) | 1879 to 1885 | 6 | 200 to 300 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Unnamed official (121101197) | 1900 to 1902 | 2 | 400 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Unnamed official (0087_0146, sayfa no:289.) | 1901/02 | 1 | 425 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Unnamed official (0156_0128;253) | 1906/07 | 1 | 300 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
| Unnamed official (58_0005;7) | 1893/94 | 1 | 500 | Istanbul (Dersaadet) |
Years run from the first to the last annual entry. An official without a recorded name is listed after the named officials.
How to read these records: years and calendars, what first recorded means, gaps between annual entries, and salaries.
Subjects
- Documents office (Evrak Kalemi)
- Ottoman job titles (Osmanlı memuriyet unvanları)
- Labour history (emek tarihi)
- Salaries of officials (memur maaşları)
- Ottoman history (Osmanlı tarihi)
- Ottoman bureaucracy (Osmanlı bürokrasisi)
- Ottoman officials (Osmanlı'da memurlar)
- Ottoman personnel registers (Sicill-i Ahvâl defterleri)
- Ottoman registers (Osmanlı defterleri)