Skip to content
Ottoman BureaucracyPeople, places and careers in Ottoman public service

Official

Suleyman Zeki Efendi

Muslim (Müslüman). Born in Skopje (Üsküp) in 1857/58 (AH 1274). On record 1872 to 1907, 36 annual entries.

Life

Suleyman Zeki Efendi was born in Skopje (Üsküp) in 1857/58 (AH 1274). The record gives the community as Muslim (Müslüman) and the nationality as Turkish.

Schooling recorded: Rüşdiye Mektebi, with 7 years of schooling recorded, at a place worded Uskup. The record marks a qualification: a diploma, certificate, training or decoration (nişan). Languages recorded, with the skill words of the record: Albanian, with Tekellum; Bulgarian, with Tekellum; Turkish, with Kitabet.

First work is recorded in Skopje in 1872/73 (AH 1289): Tahrirat Kalemi. The official was then about 15 years old. The record gives 0.5 years of unpaid apprenticeship (mülazemet) before the first salary. The first-salary field gives 25 kuruş a month. At the first annual entry, in 1872/73, the official was about 15 years old.

The first annual entry, for 1872/73, shows Mümeyyiz in Skopje, with 25 kuruş a month. In 1874/75 the record shows Mukayyit in Skopje, the salary going from 25 to 95 kuruş a month (before: Mümeyyiz in Skopje). In 1877/78 the record shows Defter-i Hakani Kalemi in Skopje, the salary going from 95 to 188 kuruş a month (before: Mukayyit in Skopje). In 1891/92 the record shows DH Baskitabeti in Skopje, the salary going from 250 to 380 kuruş a month (before: Defter-i Hakani Kalemi in Skopje). In 1897/98 the record shows Defter-i Hakani Kalemi in Debar (Debre), the salary going from 380 to 684 kuruş a month (before: DH Baskitabeti in Skopje). In 1900/01 the record shows Defter-i Hakani Kalemi in Şebinkarahisar (Karahisar-ı Şarki), with 684 kuruş a month (before: Defter-i Hakani Kalemi in Debar). In 1902/03 the record shows Defter-i Hakani Kalemi in Elbasan (İlbasan), with 684 kuruş a month (before: Defter-i Hakani Kalemi in Şebinkarahisar). In 1906/07 the record shows Defter-i Hakani Kalemi in Sjenica (Seniçe), with 684 kuruş a month (before: Defter-i Hakani Kalemi in Elbasan).

The highest salary, 684 kuruş a month, is first recorded in 1897/98 as Defter-i Hakani Kalemi. 79 per cent of the other officials with a recorded salary that year earned less. The median salary of all officials that year was 500 kuruş. Over 36 years with a salary the median is 250 kuruş a month, with 6 rises and no cuts. The largest rise, 304 kuruş, is seen in 1897/98. From the first salary to the last the salary grew by 9.92 per cent a year on average. The last salary is recorded in 1906/07, when 71 per cent of the other officials with a recorded salary that year earned less.

Record

Personal

Born
1857/58 (AH 1274)
Community
Muslim (Müslüman)
Nationality as recorded
Turkish

Education

Rüşdiye
Rüşdiye Mektebi (7 years)rüşdiye school (middle school); place of the school as worded: uskup
Unpaid years (mülazemet)
0.5 years
Preparation route (classification of the paper)
Middle
Qualification (diploma, certificate, training or nişan)
Yes

The years count all schooling up to that school, as the record gives them.

Languages

Albanian
Tekellumspeaking
Bulgarian
Tekellumspeaking
Turkish
Kitabetwriting

The glosses are cautious historical readings of the recorded words, not modern levels of proficiency.

First work

Year
1872/73 (AH 1289)
First job as worded
Tahrirat Kalemi
Age at first work (workbook field)
15
First salary field (kuruş a month)
25
First-job salary of the original workbook (kuruş a month)
25

Notes from the record

Merit and competence grade (recorded code)
1

Career

Career of Suleyman Zeki Efendi, one row per stage
YearsTitlePlaceSalary (kuruş a month)
1872/73AH 1289Tahrirat Kalemifirst workSkopje (Üsküp)25first-salary field
1872 to 1874AH 1289 to 1290Mümeyyiz
Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)
2 entries
YearSalary
1872/7325
1873/7425
Skopje (Üsküp)25
1874 to 1877AH 1291 to 1293Mukayyit
Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)
3 entries
YearSalary
1874/7595
1875/7695
1876/7795
Skopje (Üsküp)95
1877 to 1891AH 1294 to 1308Defter-i Hakani Kalemi
15 entries
YearSalary
1877/78188
1878188
1878/79188
1879/80188
1880/81188
1881/82188
1882/83200
1883/84200
1884/85200
1885/86200
1886/87250
1887/88250
1888/89250
1889/90250
1890/91250
Skopje (Üsküp)188 to 250
1891 to 1897AH 1309 to 1314DH Baskitabeti
6 entries
YearSalary
1891/92380
1892/93380
1893/94380
1894/95380
1895/96380
1896/97380
Skopje (Üsküp)380
1897 to 1900AH 1315 to 1317Defter-i Hakani Kalemi
3 entries
YearSalary
1897/98684
1898/99684
1899/1900684
Debar (Debre)684
1900 to 1902AH 1318 to 1319Defter-i Hakani Kalemi
2 entries
YearSalary
1900/01684
1901/02684
Şebinkarahisar (Karahisar-ı Şarki)684
1902 to 1906AH 1320 to 1323Defter-i Hakani Kalemi
4 entries
YearSalary
1902/03684
1903/04684
1904/05684
1905/06684
Elbasan (İlbasan)684
1906/07AH 1324Defter-i Hakani KalemiSjenica (Seniçe)684
Monthly salary, kuruş
02004006008001873/74AH 12901882/83AH 13001892/93AH 13101902/03AH 1320684 kuruşEntry of another institution
Salary against the medians of the same year
20501002005001,0001873/74AH 12901882/83AH 13001892/93AH 13101902/03AH 1320This officialMedian, all officialsMedian, same title

Log scale: equal steps are equal ratios. The median of the same title is drawn for the years in which at least 5 officials with that title had a salary.

The numbers of the chart
Salary of Suleyman Zeki Efendi against the medians of the same year, kuruş a month
YearSalaryMedian, all officialsMedian, same titlePaid less
1872/73255500%
1873/74255000%
1874/75955354501%
1875/76955302501%
1876/7795582.54150%
1877/781885609504%
18781886009503%
1878/791886009504%
1879/801885007605%
1880/811885007604%
1881/821885007604%
1882/832005007603%
1883/842005007604%
1884/852005007603%
1885/862005007602%
1886/872505007606%
1887/882505007607%
1888/892505007608%
1889/9025050076010%
1890/9125050076010%
1891/9238050024%
1892/9338050024%
1893/9438050025%
1894/9538050026%
1895/9638050026%
1896/9738050028%
1897/9868450068479%
1898/9968450068479%
1899/190068450068477%
1900/0168450068475%
1901/0268450068475%
1902/0368450068475%
1903/0468447576075%
1904/0568445075075%
1905/0668447576572%
1906/0768445068471%

Paid less: the share of the other officials with a salary that year who earned less.

Placesbornfirst workannual entries
SkopjeSjenicaDebarŞebinkarahisarElbasan

Choose a row to mark its years in the charts and its place on the map.

Named in scholarly works

No link between a work and an official has been accepted. Each entry was found by fixed rules on the name and the recorded fields, and says what it rests on.

Recorded with

Recorded in the same place in the same years

100 officials in all. Officials recorded in Skopje (Üsküp)

Same school recorded

3,199 officials in all. Officials with Rüşdiye Mektebi recorded

Same birthplace

27 officials in all. Officials born in Skopje (Üsküp)

Full record

Annual entries (36)

Annual entries of Suleyman Zeki Efendi
YearTitlePlaceKuruş a monthInstitutionSourceArchive reference
1872/73AH 1289MümeyyizSkopje (Üsküp)25Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract6_31; 57
1873/74AH 1290MümeyyizSkopje (Üsküp)25Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract6_31; 57
1874/75AH 1291MukayyitSkopje (Üsküp)95Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract6_31; 57
1875/76AH 1292MukayyitSkopje (Üsküp)95Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract6_31; 57
1876/77AH 1293MukayyitSkopje (Üsküp)95Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract6_31; 57
1877/78AH 1294Defter-i Hakani KalemiSkopje (Üsküp)188Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani)Cross-ministry personnel workbook6_31; 57
1878AH 1295Defter-i Hakani KalemiSkopje (Üsküp)188Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani)Cross-ministry personnel workbook6_31; 57
1878/79AH 1296Defter-i Hakani KalemiSkopje (Üsküp)188Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani)Cross-ministry personnel workbook6_31; 57
1879/80AH 1297Defter-i Hakani KalemiSkopje (Üsküp)188Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani)Cross-ministry personnel workbook6_31; 57
1880/81AH 1298Defter-i Hakani KalemiSkopje (Üsküp)188Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani)Cross-ministry personnel workbook6_31; 57
1881/82AH 1299Defter-i Hakani KalemiSkopje (Üsküp)188Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani)Cross-ministry personnel workbook6_31; 57
1882/83AH 1300Defter-i Hakani KalemiSkopje (Üsküp)200Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani)Cross-ministry personnel workbook6_31; 57
1883/84AH 1301Defter-i Hakani KalemiSkopje (Üsküp)200Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani)Cross-ministry personnel workbook6_31; 57
1884/85AH 1302Defter-i Hakani KalemiSkopje (Üsküp)200Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani)Cross-ministry personnel workbook6_31; 57
1885/86AH 1303Defter-i Hakani KalemiSkopje (Üsküp)200Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani)Cross-ministry personnel workbook6_31; 57
1886/87AH 1304Defter-i Hakani KalemiSkopje (Üsküp)250Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani)Cross-ministry personnel workbook6_31; 57
1887/88AH 1305Defter-i Hakani KalemiSkopje (Üsküp)250Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani)Cross-ministry personnel workbook6_31; 57
1888/89AH 1306Defter-i Hakani KalemiSkopje (Üsküp)250Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani)Cross-ministry personnel workbook6_31; 57
1889/90AH 1307Defter-i Hakani KalemiSkopje (Üsküp)250Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani)Cross-ministry personnel workbook6_31; 57
1890/91AH 1308Defter-i Hakani KalemiSkopje (Üsküp)250Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani)Cross-ministry personnel workbook6_31; 57
1891/92AH 1309DH BaskitabetiSkopje (Üsküp)380Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani)Cross-ministry personnel workbook6_31; 57
1892/93AH 1310DH BaskitabetiSkopje (Üsküp)380Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani)Cross-ministry personnel workbook6_31; 57
1893/94AH 1311DH BaskitabetiSkopje (Üsküp)380Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani)Cross-ministry personnel workbook6_31; 57
1894/95AH 1312DH BaskitabetiSkopje (Üsküp)380Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani)Cross-ministry personnel workbook6_31; 57
1895/96AH 1313DH BaskitabetiSkopje (Üsküp)380Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani)Cross-ministry personnel workbook6_31; 57
1896/97AH 1314DH BaskitabetiSkopje (Üsküp)380Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani)Cross-ministry personnel workbook6_31; 57
1897/98AH 1315Defter-i Hakani KalemiDebar (Debre)684Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani)Cross-ministry personnel workbook6_31; 57
1898/99AH 1316Defter-i Hakani KalemiDebar (Debre)684Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani)Cross-ministry personnel workbook6_31; 57
1899/1900AH 1317Defter-i Hakani KalemiDebar (Debre)684Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani)Cross-ministry personnel workbook6_31; 57
1900/01AH 1318Defter-i Hakani KalemiŞebinkarahisar (Karahisar-ı Şarki)684Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani)Cross-ministry personnel workbook6_31; 57
1901/02AH 1319Defter-i Hakani KalemiŞebinkarahisar (Karahisar-ı Şarki)684Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani)Cross-ministry personnel workbook6_31; 57
1902/03AH 1320Defter-i Hakani KalemiElbasan (İlbasan)684Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani)Cross-ministry personnel workbook6_31; 57
1903/04AH 1321Defter-i Hakani KalemiElbasan (İlbasan)684Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani)Cross-ministry personnel workbook6_31; 57
1904/05AH 1322Defter-i Hakani KalemiElbasan (İlbasan)684Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani)Cross-ministry personnel workbook6_31; 57
1905/06AH 1323Defter-i Hakani KalemiElbasan (İlbasan)684Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani)Cross-ministry personnel workbook6_31; 57
1906/07AH 1324Defter-i Hakani KalemiSjenica (Seniçe)684Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani)Cross-ministry personnel workbook6_31; 57
What the sources named in this table are
Cross-ministry personnel workbook
A personnel workbook with the annual entries in institutions other than the Post and Telegraph (justice, land registry, customs, police and others), with the same annual fields as the personnel workbook.
Recovered annual personnel extract
The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.

Sources and original values (24)

Recorded values of Suleyman Zeki Efendi with their sources
FieldRecorded valueSource
Identity
NameSuleyman Zeki EfendiLinked personnel workbook
Birth year (AH)1274Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
BirthplaceuskupRecovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
Birthplace: district (kaza)uskupCross-ministry personnel workbook
Birthplace: sancakuskupCross-ministry personnel workbook
Birthplace: province (vilayet)KosovaCross-ministry personnel workbook
Province of birthkosovaRecovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract
ReligionMuslumanRecovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
Nationality or communityTurkishRecovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
Schooling
SchoolRusdiye MektebiRecovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
Place of the schooluskupCross-ministry personnel workbook
Years of schooling7Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
Years of apprenticeship (mülazemet)0.5Recovered annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
First work
First work: year (AH)1289Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Linked personnel workbook
First work: Gregorian year as stored1872Recovered annual personnel extract
First work: placeuskupRecovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
First work: district (kaza)uskupCross-ministry personnel workbook
First work: sancakuskupCross-ministry personnel workbook
First work: province (vilayet)kosovaCross-ministry personnel workbook
First job as wordedTahrirat KalemiLinked personnel workbook; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
Age at first work (workbook field)15Cross-ministry personnel workbook
First salary field (kuruş a month)25Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract
First-job salary of the original workbook (kuruş a month)25Linked personnel workbook; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
Other recorded values
Merit and competence grade (recorded code)1Cross-ministry personnel workbook
What the sources named in this table are
Cross-ministry personnel workbook
A personnel workbook with the annual entries in institutions other than the Post and Telegraph (justice, land registry, customs, police and others), with the same annual fields as the personnel workbook.
Earlier annual personnel extract
The detailed annual personnel file of October 2024. An official found only in this file keeps the years, titles and salaries it gives.
Recovered annual personnel extract
The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
Personnel attributes extract
The detailed personnel file of September 2025, read for personal details such as birth, schooling and first work.
Linked personnel workbook
The original personnel workbook, from which selected fields on background and first work are taken.
  • Origin of the record: Post and Telegraph personnel records.
  • 5 annual entries of 36 belong to the saved estimation sample of the paper.

How to read this record: calendar years, years without an annual entry, salaries and sources.