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Ottoman BureaucracyPeople, places and careers in Ottoman public service

Official

Mehmet Niyazi Efendi

Muslim (Müslüman). Born in Istanbul (Dersaadet) in 1865/66 (AH 1282). On record 1883 to 1902, 18 annual entries. Death recorded 1902/03.

Life

Mehmet Niyazi Efendi was born in Istanbul in 1865/66 (AH 1282). The record gives the community as Muslim (Müslüman), the nationality as Turkish and the father's occupation as Esnaf.

Schooling recorded: Darüşşafaka, with 12 years of schooling recorded. The personnel records also mark the telegraph school. The record marks a qualification: a diploma, certificate, training or decoration (nişan). Languages recorded, with the skill words of the record: Turkish, with Kitabet.

First work is recorded in Istanbul in 1883/84 (AH 1301): Telgraf. The official was then about 18 years old. The record gives 0.5 years of unpaid apprenticeship (mülazemet) before the first salary. The first-salary field gives 250 kuruş a month. At the first annual entry, in 1883/84, the official was about 18 years old.

The first annual entry, for 1883/84, shows Mekâtib Memuru in Galata, with 250 kuruş a month. In 1886/87 the record shows Muallim in Istanbul, the salary going from 250 to 200 kuruş a month (before: Mekâtib Memuru in Galata). In 1892/93 the record shows Muhabere Memuru in Aleppo (Halep), the salary going from 300 to 400 kuruş a month (before: Muallim in Istanbul). In 1893/94 the record shows Başmüdür Kitabeti in Adana, the salary going from 400 to 500 kuruş a month (before: Muhabere Memuru in Aleppo). In 1894/95 the record shows Başmüdür Kitabeti in Silifke, with 500 kuruş a month (before: Başmüdür Kitabeti in Adana). In 1895/96 the record shows 3. Müdür in Tavşancıl, the salary going from 500 to 550 kuruş a month (before: Başmüdür Kitabeti in Silifke). In 1896/97 the record shows Memur in Tavşancıl, the salary going from 550 to 495 kuruş a month (before: 3. Müdür in Tavşancıl). In 1898/99 the record shows 3. Müdür in Maltepe, the salary going from 495 to 500 kuruş a month (before: Memur in Tavşancıl). No annual entry is recorded for 1885/86.

The highest salary, 550 kuruş a month, is first recorded in 1895/96 as 3. Müdür. 58 per cent of the other officials with a recorded salary that year earned less. The median salary of all officials that year was 500 kuruş. Over 18 years with a salary the median is 447.5 kuruş a month, with 5 rises and 2 cuts. The largest rise, 100 kuruş, is seen in 1887/88. From the first salary to the last the salary grew by 3.93 per cent a year on average. The last salary is recorded in 1901/02, when 49 per cent of the other officials with a recorded salary that year earned less.

Honours recorded in the cross-ministry workbook: Rank (recorded code): 3.

A death is recorded under 1902/03 (AH 1320): the year of the annual list that holds the status word Vefat, not a date of death.

Record

Personal

Born
1865/66 (AH 1282)
Community
Muslim (Müslüman)
Nationality as recorded
Turkish
Father's occupation
Esnaf
Death recorded
1902/03 (AH 1320)the year of the annual list with the word Vefat, not a date of death

Education

Darüşşafaka
Darüşşafaka (12 years)Darüşşafaka (school for orphans in Istanbul)
Higher or professional
Telgraf Mektebitelegraph school; recorded as a code
Unpaid years (mülazemet)
0.5 years
Preparation route (classification of the paper)
Darüşşafaka
Qualification (diploma, certificate, training or nişan)
Yes

The years count all schooling up to that school, as the record gives them.

Languages

Turkish
Kitabetwriting

The glosses are cautious historical readings of the recorded words, not modern levels of proficiency.

First work

Year
1883/84 (AH 1301)
First job as worded
Telgraf
Age at first work (workbook field)
19
First salary field (kuruş a month)
250
First-job salary of the original workbook (kuruş a month)
250

Honours and ranks

Rank (recorded code)
3

Legal records

Judicial record (recorded code)
1
Legal record note as worded
Devamsızlıktan dolayı; Devamsızlık
Years (AH) with a criminal-record mark in the annual records
1305; 1306; 1307; 1308; 1310; 1312; 1314; 1317; 1318

Notes from the record

Merit and competence grade (recorded code)
1

Career

Career of Mehmet Niyazi Efendi, one row per stage
YearsTitlePlaceSalary (kuruş a month)
1883/84AH 1301Telgraffirst workIstanbul (Dersaadet)250first-salary field
1883 to 1885AH 1301 to 1302Mekâtib Memuru
2 entries
YearSalary
1883/84250
1884/85250
Galata250
No annual entry: 1885/86 (AH 1303)
1886/87AH 1304Muallim
Other institution
Istanbul (Dersaadet)200
1887 to 1891AH 1305 to 1308Muallim
4 entries
YearSalary
1887/88300
1888/89300
1889/90300
1890/91300
Istanbul (Dersaadet)300
1891/92AH 1309Muallim
Other institution
Istanbul (Dersaadet)300
1892/93AH 1310Muhabere MemuruAleppo (Halep)400
1893/94AH 1311Başmüdür KitabetiAdana500
1894/95AH 1312Başmüdür KitabetiSilifke500
1895/96AH 13133. MüdürTavşancıl550
1896 to 1898AH 1314 to 1315Memur
2 entries
YearSalary
1896/97495
1897/98495
Tavşancıl495
1898 to 1902AH 1316 to 13193. Müdür
4 entries
YearSalary
1898/99500
1899/1900500
1900/01500
1901/02500
Maltepe500
1902/03AH 1320Death recorded
Monthly salary, kuruş
no entry02004006001887/88AH 13051892/93AH 13101897/98AH 1315550 kuruşEntry of another institution
Salary against the medians of the same year
2005001,0001887/88AH 13051892/93AH 13101897/98AH 1315This officialMedian, all officialsMedian, same title

Log scale: equal steps are equal ratios. The median of the same title is drawn for the years in which at least 5 officials with that title had a salary.

The numbers of the chart
Salary of Mehmet Niyazi Efendi against the medians of the same year, kuruş a month
YearSalaryMedian, all officialsMedian, same titlePaid less
1883/842505006%
1884/852505002506%
1886/872005003%
1887/8830050011%
1888/8930050012%
1889/9030050014%
1890/9130050015%
1891/9230050016%
1892/9340050040029%
1893/9450050060046%
1894/9550050060046%
1895/9655050060058%
1896/9749550030048%
1897/9849550030048%
1898/9950050054048%
1899/190050050054047%
1900/0150050054047%
1901/0250050054049%

Paid less: the share of the other officials with a salary that year who earned less.

Placesbornfirst workannual entries
IstanbulMaltepeAleppoAdanaSilifkeTavşancıl

Choose a row to mark its years in the charts and its place on the map.

Recorded with

Recorded in the same place in the same years

678 officials in all. Officials recorded in Istanbul (Dersaadet)

Same school recorded

202 officials in all. Officials with Darüşşafaka recorded

Same birthplace

1,998 officials in all. Officials born in Istanbul (Dersaadet)

Full record

Annual entries (18)

Annual entries of Mehmet Niyazi Efendi
YearTitlePlaceKuruş a monthInstitutionSourceArchive reference
1883/84AH 1301Mekâtib MemuruGalata250Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract97_221; 441
1884/85AH 1302Mekâtib MemuruGalata250Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract97_221; 441
1886/87AH 1304MuallimIstanbul (Dersaadet)200OtherCross-ministry personnel workbook97_221; 441
1887/88AH 1305MuallimIstanbul (Dersaadet)300Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract97_221; 441
1888/89AH 1306MuallimIstanbul (Dersaadet)300Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract97_221; 441
1889/90AH 1307MuallimIstanbul (Dersaadet)300Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract97_221; 441
1890/91AH 1308MuallimIstanbul (Dersaadet)300Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract97_221; 441
1891/92AH 1309MuallimIstanbul (Dersaadet)300OtherCross-ministry personnel workbook97_221; 441
1892/93AH 1310Muhabere MemuruAleppo (Halep)400Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract97_221; 441
1893/94AH 1311Başmüdür KitabetiAdana500Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract97_221; 441
1894/95AH 1312Başmüdür KitabetiSilifke500Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract97_221; 441
1895/96AH 13133. MüdürTavşancıl550Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract97_221; 441
1896/97AH 1314MemurTavşancıl495Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract97_221; 441
1897/98AH 1315MemurTavşancıl495Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract97_221; 441
1898/99AH 13163. MüdürMaltepe500Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract97_221; 441
1899/1900AH 13173. MüdürMaltepe500Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract97_221; 441
1900/01AH 13183. MüdürMaltepe500Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract97_221; 441
1901/02AH 13193. MüdürMaltepe500Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract97_221; 441
What the sources named in this table are
Cross-ministry personnel workbook
A personnel workbook with the annual entries in institutions other than the Post and Telegraph (justice, land registry, customs, police and others), with the same annual fields as the personnel workbook.
Recovered annual personnel extract
The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.

Sources and original values (32)

Recorded values of Mehmet Niyazi Efendi with their sources
FieldRecorded valueSource
Identity
NameMehmet Niyazi EfendiPersonnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Linked personnel workbook
Birth year (AH)1282Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
Birthplacedersaadet used on this pageRecovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract
Birthplaceistanbul other valueCross-ministry personnel workbook
Birthplace: district (kaza)istanbulCross-ministry personnel workbook
Birthplace: sancakistanbulCross-ministry personnel workbook
Birthplace: province (vilayet)istanbulCross-ministry personnel workbook
Province of birthdersaadetRecovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract
Father's occupationEsnafRecovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
ReligionMuslumanRecovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
Nationality or communityTurkishRecovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
Schooling
SchoolDarussafakaRecovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
Years of schooling12Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
Telegraph school (recorded code)1Recovered annual personnel extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
Years of apprenticeship (mülazemet)0.5Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
First work
First work: year (AH)1301Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Linked personnel workbook
First work: Gregorian year as stored1884Recovered annual personnel extract
First work: placeistanbulRecovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
First work: district (kaza)istanbulCross-ministry personnel workbook
First work: sancakistanbulCross-ministry personnel workbook
First work: province (vilayet)istanbulCross-ministry personnel workbook
First job as wordedTelgrafLinked personnel workbook; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
Age at first work (workbook field)19Cross-ministry personnel workbook
First salary field (kuruş a month)250Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract
First-job salary of the original workbook (kuruş a month)250Linked personnel workbook; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
Honours
Rank (recorded code)3Cross-ministry personnel workbook
Legal records
Judicial record (recorded code)1Cross-ministry personnel workbook
Legal record note as wordedDevamsızlıktan dolayı used on this pageLegal notes (earlier workbook copy); Legal notes (later workbook copy)
Legal record note as wordedDevamsızlık other valueLegal notes (earlier workbook copy); Legal notes (later workbook copy)
Years (AH) with a criminal-record mark in the annual records1305; 1306; 1307; 1308; 1310; 1312; 1314; 1317; 1318Later annual personnel extract
Status
Death recorded under the year (AH)1320Earlier annual personnel extract (original copy); Earlier annual personnel extract (parallel copy)
Other recorded values
Merit and competence grade (recorded code)1Cross-ministry personnel workbook
What the sources named in this table are
Legal notes (earlier workbook copy)
A workbook of notes on legal records. The wording is kept as written. It may hold an accusation or an acquittal, it is not the finding of a court, and its year is the year of the record, not the date of an event.
Legal notes (later workbook copy)
A later copy of the workbook of notes on legal records. The same wording in both copies is one note, not two.
Earlier annual personnel extract (original copy)
A copy of the earlier annual personnel file, read for the title wording of each year. A death taken from it is the status word Vefat in the title field of one annual list: the year is the year of that list, not a date of death.
Earlier annual personnel extract (parallel copy)
A second copy of the earlier annual personnel file, read in the same way. A death taken from it is the status word Vefat in the title field of one annual list: the year is the year of that list, not a date of death. Two copies that agree are one piece of evidence, not two.
Cross-ministry personnel workbook
A personnel workbook with the annual entries in institutions other than the Post and Telegraph (justice, land registry, customs, police and others), with the same annual fields as the personnel workbook.
Later annual personnel extract
The detailed annual personnel file of October 2025. It marks single annual entries with a criminal-record flag and holds status words such as Vefat. For a death, the year is the year of the annual list in which the status word stands.
Earlier annual personnel extract
The detailed annual personnel file of October 2024. An official found only in this file keeps the years, titles and salaries it gives.
Recovered annual personnel extract
The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
Personnel attributes extract
The detailed personnel file of September 2025, read for personal details such as birth, schooling and first work.
Linked personnel workbook
The original personnel workbook, from which selected fields on background and first work are taken.
  • The sources give more than one value for a marked field. Every value is listed.
  • Origin of the record: Post and Telegraph personnel records.
  • 16 annual entries of 18 belong to the saved estimation sample of the paper.

How to read this record: calendar years, years without an annual entry, salaries and sources.