Skip to content
Ottoman BureaucracyPeople, places and careers in Ottoman public service

Official

Mehmet Tevfik Efendi

Muslim (Müslüman). Born in Izmir (İzmir) in 1862/63 (AH 1279). On record 1877 to 1879, 3 annual entries.

Life

Mehmet Tevfik Efendi was born in Izmir (İzmir) in 1862/63 (AH 1279). The record gives the community as Muslim (Müslüman), the nationality as Turkish and the father's occupation as cavus.

Schooling recorded: Rüşdiye Mektebi, with 7 years of schooling recorded, at a place worded Izmir. The record marks no qualification (diploma, certificate, training or decoration). Languages recorded, with the skill words of the record: Turkish, with Kitabet.

First work is recorded in Izmir in 1875/76 (AH 1292): Rusumat Kalemi. The official was then about 13 years old. The record gives 1 year of unpaid apprenticeship (mülazemet) before the first salary. The first-salary field gives 60 kuruş a month. At the first annual entry, in 1877/78, the official was about 15 years old.

The first annual entry, for 1877/78, shows Tahrirat Kalemi in Izmir, with 160 kuruş a month. In 1878 the record shows Mukayyit in Izmir, the salary going from 160 to 180 kuruş a month (before: Tahrirat Kalemi in Izmir). In 1878/79 the record shows Gumruk Kitabeti in Izmir, the salary going from 180 to 200 kuruş a month (before: Mukayyit in Izmir).

The highest salary, 200 kuruş a month, is first recorded in 1878/79 as Gumruk Kitabeti. 5 per cent of the other officials with a recorded salary that year earned less. The median salary of all officials that year was 600 kuruş. Over 3 years with a salary the median is 180 kuruş a month, with 2 rises and no cuts. The largest rise, 20 kuruş, is seen in 1878. From the first salary to the last the salary grew by 11.8 per cent a year on average.

Record

Personal

Born
1862/63 (AH 1279)
Birthplace
Izmir (İzmir)
Community
Muslim (Müslüman)
Nationality as recorded
Turkish
Father's occupation
cavus

Education

Rüşdiye
Rüşdiye Mektebi (7 years)rüşdiye school (middle school); place of the school as worded: izmir
Unpaid years (mülazemet)
1 year
Preparation route (classification of the paper)
Low
Qualification (diploma, certificate, training or nişan)
No

The years count all schooling up to that school, as the record gives them.

Languages

Turkish
Kitabetwriting

The glosses are cautious historical readings of the recorded words, not modern levels of proficiency.

First work

Year
1875/76 (AH 1292)
First job as worded
Rusumat Kalemi
Age at first work (workbook field)
13
First salary field (kuruş a month)
60
First-job salary of the original workbook (kuruş a month)
60

Career

Career of Mehmet Tevfik Efendi, one row per stage
YearsTitlePlaceSalary (kuruş a month)
1875/76AH 1292Rusumat Kalemifirst workIzmir (İzmir)60first-salary field
1877/78AH 1294Tahrirat KalemiIzmir (İzmir)160
1878AH 1295Mukayyit
Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)
Izmir (İzmir)180
1878/79AH 1296Gumruk Kitabeti
Customs (Gümrük)
Izmir (İzmir)200
Monthly salary, kuruş
0501001502001877/78AH 12941878AH 12951878/79AH 1296200 kuruşEntry of another institution
Salary against the medians of the same year
1002005001,0001877/78AH 12941878AH 12951878/79AH 1296This officialMedian, all officialsMedian, same title

Log scale: equal steps are equal ratios. The median of the same title is drawn for the years in which at least 5 officials with that title had a salary.

The numbers of the chart
Salary of Mehmet Tevfik Efendi against the medians of the same year, kuruş a month
YearSalaryMedian, all officialsMedian, same titlePaid less
1877/781605607004%
18781806006003%
1878/792006005%

Paid less: the share of the other officials with a salary that year who earned less.

Choose a row to mark its years in the charts.

Recorded with

Recorded in the same place in the same years

25 officials in all. Officials recorded in Izmir (İzmir)

Same school recorded

3,199 officials in all. Officials with Rüşdiye Mektebi recorded

Same birthplace

61 officials in all. Officials born in Izmir (İzmir)

Full record

Annual entries (3)

Annual entries of Mehmet Tevfik Efendi
YearTitlePlaceKuruş a monthInstitutionSourceArchive reference
1877/78AH 1294Tahrirat KalemiIzmir (İzmir)160OtherCross-ministry personnel workbook23_17; 31
1878AH 1295MukayyitIzmir (İzmir)180Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract23_17; 31
1878/79AH 1296Gumruk KitabetiIzmir (İzmir)200Customs (Gümrük)Cross-ministry personnel workbook23_17; 31
What the sources named in this table are
Cross-ministry personnel workbook
A personnel workbook with the annual entries in institutions other than the Post and Telegraph (justice, land registry, customs, police and others), with the same annual fields as the personnel workbook.
Recovered annual personnel extract
The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.

Sources and original values (24)

Recorded values of Mehmet Tevfik Efendi with their sources
FieldRecorded valueSource
Identity
NameMehmet Tevfik EfendiPersonnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Linked personnel workbook
Birth year (AH)1279Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
BirthplaceizmirRecovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
Birthplace: district (kaza)izmirCross-ministry personnel workbook
Birthplace: sancakizmirCross-ministry personnel workbook
Birthplace: province (vilayet)AydinCross-ministry personnel workbook
Province of birthaydinRecovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract
Father's occupationcavusRecovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
ReligionMuslumanRecovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
Nationality or communityTurkishRecovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
Schooling
SchoolRusdiye MektebiRecovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
Place of the schoolizmirCross-ministry personnel workbook
Years of schooling7Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
Years of apprenticeship (mülazemet)1Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
First work
First work: year (AH)1292Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Linked personnel workbook
First work: Gregorian year as stored1875Recovered annual personnel extract
First work: placeizmirRecovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
First work: district (kaza)izmirCross-ministry personnel workbook
First work: sancakizmirCross-ministry personnel workbook
First work: province (vilayet)aydinCross-ministry personnel workbook
First job as wordedRusumat KalemiLinked personnel workbook; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
Age at first work (workbook field)13Cross-ministry personnel workbook
First salary field (kuruş a month)60Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract
First-job salary of the original workbook (kuruş a month)60Linked personnel workbook; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
What the sources named in this table are
Cross-ministry personnel workbook
A personnel workbook with the annual entries in institutions other than the Post and Telegraph (justice, land registry, customs, police and others), with the same annual fields as the personnel workbook.
Earlier annual personnel extract
The detailed annual personnel file of October 2024. An official found only in this file keeps the years, titles and salaries it gives.
Recovered annual personnel extract
The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
Personnel attributes extract
The detailed personnel file of September 2025, read for personal details such as birth, schooling and first work.
Linked personnel workbook
The original personnel workbook, from which selected fields on background and first work are taken.
  • Origin of the record: Post and Telegraph personnel records.
  • 1 annual entry of 3 belong to the saved estimation sample of the paper.

How to read this record: calendar years, years without an annual entry, salaries and sources.