Official
İskender Efendi
Armenian Christian (Ermeni). Born in Beirut (Beyrut) in 1860/61 (AH 1277). On record 1881 to 1895, 14 annual entries.
Archive reference 0087_0160:317
Life#
Born in Beirut (Beyrut) in 1860/61 (AH 1277), İskender Efendi came from the Armenian Christian (Ermeni) community. İskender had four years of schooling, at a school for young children (Sıbyan Mektebi). In all İskender knew four languages, Arabic, Armenian, French and Turkish, all in writing; fewer than 5 per cent of the 5,211 officials knew as many.
At about 17, in 1878, İskender began work in Zahlé (Zahle), with four unpaid years as a mülazım (apprentice) before a first salary of 300 kuruş. From the first annual entry, for 1881/82, to 1894/95, every annual entry places İskender in the same post, communications official (Muhabere Memuru), in Kibris.
Pay rose from 300 kuruş a month in 1881/82 to a peak of 450 in 1892/93, as Muhabere Memuru in Kibris, when 41 per cent of paid officials earned less. In all, 14 years of salary come to 61,800 kuruş, 73 per cent of what an official on the median salary earned in those years. The final annual entry is for 1894/95.
Places in order of time#
Each number is a stop: the birthplace, the place of first work, then every place of the annual entries in turn. The year beside an arrow is the first entry at the new place.
Born 1860/61 (AH 1277)
First work 1878 (AH 1295)
Career and salary#
Log scale: equal steps are equal ratios. The median of the same title is drawn for the years in which at least 5 officials with that title had a salary, and the median of the same province for the years in which at least 5 officials were paid in the province of the official's salary that year.
The numbers of the chart
| Year | Salary | Median, all officials | Median, same title | Median, same province | Paid less |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1881/82 | 300 | 500 | 400 | 380 | 13% |
| 1882/83 | 350 | 500 | 400 | 570 | 17% |
| 1883/84 | 350 | 500 | 400 | 755 | 17% |
| 1884/85 | 350 | 500 | 400 | 760 | 17% |
| 1885/86 | 350 | 500 | 400 | 760 | 17% |
| 1886/87 | 350 | 500 | 400 | 780 | 18% |
| 1887/88 | 350 | 500 | 400 | 600 | 17% |
| 1888/89 | 350 | 500 | 400 | 800 | 18% |
| 1889/90 | 350 | 500 | 400 | 600 | 20% |
| 1890/91 | 350 | 500 | 400 | 600 | 21% |
| 1891/92 | 350 | 500 | 400 | 550 | 22% |
| 1892/93 | 450 | 500 | 400 | 500 | 41% |
| 1893/94 | 450 | 500 | 400 | 600 | 42% |
| 1894/95 | 450 | 500 | 400 | 550 | 43% |
Paid less: the share of the other officials with a salary that year who earned less.
Point at a year for its salary, title, place and the median of all officials paid that year. Choose a row of the table to mark its years in the charts and its stop on the map.
| Years | Title | Place | Salary (kuruş a month) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1878AH 1295 | First work | Zahlé (Zahle) | 300first-salary field |
| 1881 to 1895AH 1299 to 1312 | Muhabere Memuru | Kibris | 300 to 450 |
Record#
Personal
- Born
- 1860/61 (AH 1277)
- Birthplace
- Beirut (Beyrut)
- Community
- Armenian Christian (Ermeni)
- Nationality as recorded
- Ermeni
Education
- Primary
- Sıbyan Mektebi (4 years)school for young children (primary school)
- Unpaid years (mülazemet)
- 4 years
- Preparation route (classification of the paper)
- Low
- Qualification (diploma, certificate, training or nişan)
- NoShown as in the flag of the paper. The qualification column of the recovered extract gives yes.
The years count all schooling up to that school, as the record gives them.
Languages
- Arabic
- Kitabetwriting
- Armenian
- Kitabetwriting
- French
- Kitabetwriting
- Turkish
- Kitabetwriting
The glosses are cautious historical readings of the recorded words, not modern levels of proficiency.
First work
- Year
- 1878 (AH 1295)
- Place
- Zahlé (Zahle)
- First salary field (kuruş a month)
- 300
Recorded with#
Officials who share a place, a job title, a school, a birthplace or the year of the first annual entry. Ranks compare the highest monthly salary of each official.
Same job title, same years
Of the 1,454 officials with the title Muhabere Memuru in the same years, İskender Efendi had the 1,202nd highest salary.
- Mehmet Arif Efendi14 shared years; highest salary 3,600 kuruş
- Mehmet Hulusi Bey14 shared years; highest salary 2,600 kuruş
- Ömer Nuri Efendi14 shared years; highest salary 1,500 kuruş
- Tahir Efendi14 shared years; highest salary 1,500 kuruş
- İbrahim Vehbi Efendi14 shared years; highest salary 1,480 kuruş
Same school
Of the 746 officials with Sıbyan Mektebi among their schools, 745 have a recorded salary; İskender Efendi had the 607th highest salary of them.
- Ahmet Efendiborn 1860/61 (AH 1277); highest salary 2,500 kuruş
- Ahmet Rifat Efendiborn 1860/61 (AH 1277); highest salary 475 kuruş
- Ahmet Sadettin Efendiborn 1860/61 (AH 1277); highest salary 225 kuruş
- Ahmet Tevfik Efendiborn 1860/61 (AH 1277); highest salary 1,500 kuruş
- Ali Sefik Efendiborn 1860/61 (AH 1277); highest salary 680 kuruş
Same birthplace
Of the 51 officials born in Beirut (Beyrut), İskender Efendi had the 25th highest salary.
- İbrahim Selim Susa Efendiborn 1860/61 (AH 1277); highest salary 15,000 kuruş
- Kostantin Eminyan Efendiborn 1860/61 (AH 1277); highest salary 650 kuruş
- İbrahim Hilmi Efendiborn 1858/59 (AH 1275); highest salary 500 kuruş
- Mehmet Tevfik Efendiborn 1863/64 (AH 1280); highest salary 800 kuruş
- Münip Efendiborn 1864/65 (AH 1281); highest salary 400 kuruş
The page of Beirut (Beyrut), with the 51 officials born there
First annual entry in the same year
Of the 86 officials whose first annual entry is for 1881/82 (AH 1299), İskender Efendi had the 67th highest salary.
- Abbas Efendifirst entry in Baghdad (Bağdat); highest salary 810 kuruş
- Abdullah Şemsettin Efendifirst entry in Çanakkale; highest salary 650 kuruş
- Ahmet Tevfik Efendifirst entry in Al Hudaydah (Hudeyde); highest salary 1,500 kuruş
- Haşim Efendifirst entry in Istanbul; highest salary 1,100 kuruş
- İbrahim Edhem Efendifirst entry in Istanbul; highest salary 600 kuruş
All 86 officials whose first annual entry is for 1881/82 (AH 1299)
Full record
Annual entries (14)
| Year | Title | Place | Kuruş a month | Institution | Source | Archive reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1881/82AH 1299 | Muhabere Memuru | Kibris | 300 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0087_0160:317 |
| 1882/83AH 1300 | Muhabere Memuru | Kibris | 350 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0087_0160:317 |
| 1883/84AH 1301 | Muhabere Memuru | Kibris | 350 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0087_0160:317 |
| 1884/85AH 1302 | Muhabere Memuru | Kibris | 350 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0087_0160:317 |
| 1885/86AH 1303 | Muhabere Memuru | Kibris | 350 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0087_0160:317 |
| 1886/87AH 1304 | Muhabere Memuru | Kibris | 350 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0087_0160:317 |
| 1887/88AH 1305 | Muhabere Memuru | Kibris | 350 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0087_0160:317 |
| 1888/89AH 1306 | Muhabere Memuru | Kibris | 350 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0087_0160:317 |
| 1889/90AH 1307 | Muhabere Memuru | Kibris | 350 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0087_0160:317 |
| 1890/91AH 1308 | Muhabere Memuru | Kibris | 350 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0087_0160:317 |
| 1891/92AH 1309 | Muhabere Memuru | Kibris | 350 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0087_0160:317 |
| 1892/93AH 1310 | Muhabere Memuru | Kibris | 450 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0087_0160:317 |
| 1893/94AH 1311 | Muhabere Memuru | Kibris | 450 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0087_0160:317 |
| 1894/95AH 1312 | Muhabere Memuru | Kibris | 450 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0087_0160:317 |
What the sources named in this table are
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
Sources and original values (13)
| Field | Recorded value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Identity | ||
| Name | İskender Efendi | Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Birth year (AH) | 1277 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Birthplace | beyrut | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Province of birth | beyrut | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Religion | Hristiyan | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Nationality or community | Ermeni | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Schooling | ||
| School | Sibyan Mektebi | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Years of schooling | 4 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Years of apprenticeship (mülazemet) | 4 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First work | ||
| First work: year (AH) | 1295 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First work: Gregorian year as stored | 1878 | Recovered annual personnel extract |
| First work: place | Zahle | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First salary field (kuruş a month) | 300 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
What the sources named in this table are
- Earlier annual personnel extract
- The detailed annual personnel file of October 2024. An official found only in this file keeps the years, titles and salaries it gives.
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
- Personnel attributes extract
- The detailed personnel file of September 2025, read for personal details such as birth, schooling and first work.
- Origin of the record: Post and Telegraph personnel records.
- 14 annual entries of 14 belong to the saved estimation sample of the paper.
How to read this record: calendar years, years without an annual entry, salaries and sources.
Subjects
- İskender Efendi
- Communications official (Muhabere Memuru)
- Kibris
- Beirut (Beyrut)
- School for young children (Sıbyan Mektebi)
- Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)
- Armenian Christian (Ermeni)
- Biography of an Ottoman official (Osmanlı memurunun biyografisi)
- Career and pay (memuriyet ve maaş)
- Ottoman history (Osmanlı tarihi)
- Ottoman bureaucracy (Osmanlı bürokrasisi)
- Ottoman officials (Osmanlı'da memurlar)
- Ottoman personnel registers (Sicill-i Ahvâl defterleri)
- Ottoman registers (Osmanlı defterleri)