Official
Mehmed Şevket Bey
Muslim (Müslüman). Born in Safranbolu in 1839/40 (AH 1255). On record 1858 to 1891, 33 annual entries.
Archive reference 3_231;458
Life#
Born in Safranbolu in 1839/40 (AH 1255), Mehmed Şevket Bey came from the Muslim (Müslüman) community; the father's occupation was "Karantina Naziri". At about 16, in 1855/56, Mehmed Şevket began work in Istanbul, with one unpaid year as a mülazım (apprentice) before a first salary of 170 kuruş. The annual lists begin in 1858/59, with Mehmed Şevket as a communications official (Muhabere Memuru) in Istanbul. Next came Damascus (Şam), Latakia (Lazkiye) and Sidon (Sayda) from 1860 to 1864, then a return to Damascus from 1864 to 1866. Mehmed Şevket then moved to nine places in 22 years, then back to Istanbul from 1887 to 1890. The last post was in Konya in 1890/91. In all, 11 provinces on three continents, a number reached by only 11 of the 5,200 officials with a place of service. The farthest post, Yemen, lay about 3,100 km from Safranbolu, and fewer than 2 per cent of the 5,162 officials with a known birthplace and place of service served as far from the birthplace.
Pay rose from 250 kuruş a month in 1858/59 to a peak of 5,000 in 1871/72, as Müfettiş in Yemen, when 99 per cent of paid officials earned less. In all, 33 years of salary come to 846,840 kuruş, 3.9 times the median official's, a level reached by fewer than 3 per cent of the 3,805 officials paid for five years or more. The last annual entry is for 1890/91.
Places in order of time#
Each number is a stop: the birthplace, the place of first work, then every place of the annual entries in turn. The year beside an arrow is the first entry at the new place.
Born 1839/40 (AH 1255)
First work 1855/56 (AH 1272); 1858 to 1860 (AH 1275 to 1276)
250 to 500 kuruş a month; entries in 2 years
1883 to 1885 (AH 1301 to 1302)
No annual entry for 1882/83 (AH 1300) before it.
2,000 kuruş a month; entries in 2 years
1887 to 1890 (AH 1305 to 1307)
2,000 to 2,150 kuruş a month; entries in 3 years
Career and salary#
Log scale: equal steps are equal ratios. The median of the same title is drawn for the years in which at least 5 officials with that title had a salary.
The numbers of the chart
| Year | Salary | Median, all officials | Median, same title | Paid less |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1858/59 | 250 | 500 | 500 | 28% |
| 1859/60 | 500 | 500 | 500 | 49% |
| 1860/61 | 750 | 500 | 500 | 56% |
| 1861/62 | 750 | 600 | 500 | 52% |
| 1862/63 | 1,250 | 500 | 500 | 76% |
| 1863/64 | 1,440 | 500 | 1,000 | 79% |
| 1864/65 | 1,500 | 625 | 1,440 | 79% |
| 1865/66 | 1,500 | 650 | 1,320 | 81% |
| 1866/67 | 1,240 | 600 | 1,320 | 79% |
| 1867/68 | 1,240 | 600 | 1,200 | 80% |
| 1868/69 | 1,500 | 600 | 1,200 | 86% |
| 1869/70 | 1,600 | 600 | 1,845 | 88% |
| 1870/71 | 1,600 | 600 | 1,690 | 88% |
| 1871/72 | 5,000 | 550 | 3,000 | 99% |
| 1872/73 | 3,000 | 550 | 2,850 | 97% |
| 1873/74 | 3,000 | 500 | 3,000 | 96% |
| 1874/75 | 3,000 | 535 | 3,000 | 96% |
| 1875/76 | 3,000 | 530 | 2,500 | 96% |
| 1876/77 | 3,000 | 582.5 | 2,000 | 96% |
| 1877/78 | 3,000 | 560 | 2,000 | 96% |
| 1878 | 3,000 | 600 | 2,000 | 95% |
| 1878/79 | 3,000 | 600 | 2,000 | 95% |
| 1879/80 | 2,000 | 500 | 2,000 | 93% |
| 1880/81 | 3,000 | 500 | 2,400 | 97% |
| 1881/82 | 3,000 | 500 | 2,400 | 97% |
| 1883/84 | 2,000 | 500 | 2,000 | 92% |
| 1884/85 | 2,000 | 500 | 2,000 | 92% |
| 1885/86 | 3,000 | 500 | 3,000 | 97% |
| 1886/87 | 3,000 | 500 | 3,000 | 97% |
| 1887/88 | 2,000 | 500 | 93% | |
| 1888/89 | 2,150 | 500 | 96% | |
| 1889/90 | 2,150 | 500 | 96% | |
| 1890/91 | 2,150 | 500 | 2,000 | 96% |
Paid less: the share of the other officials with a salary that year who earned less.
Point at a year for its salary, title, place and the median of all officials paid that year. Choose a row of the table to mark its years in the charts and its stop on the map.
| Years | Title | Place | Salary (kuruş a month) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1855/56AH 1272 | First work | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 170first-salary field |
| 1858 to 1860AH 1275 to 1276 | Muhabere Memuru | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 250 to 500 |
| 1860 to 1862AH 1277 to 1278 | Muhabere Memuru | Damascus (Şam) | 750 |
| 1862/63AH 1279 | Muhabere Memuru | Latakia (Lazkiye) | 1,250 |
| 1863/64AH 1280 | 2. Müdür | Sidon (Sayda) | 1,440 |
| 1864 to 1866AH 1281 to 1282 | 1. Müdür | Damascus (Şam) | 1,500 |
| 1866 to 1868AH 1283 to 1284 | 1. Müdür | Erzincan | 1,240 |
| 1868/69AH 1285 | 1. Müdür | Bitlis | 1,500 |
| 1869 to 1871AH 1286 to 1287 | Müdür | Diyarbakır | 1,600 |
| 1871/72AH 1288 | Müfettiş | Yemen | 5,000 |
| 1872 to 1875AH 1289 to 1291 | Müfettiş | Bosna | 3,000 |
| 1875 to 1879AH 1292 to 1296 | Müfettiş | Erzurum | 3,000 |
| 1879/80AH 1297 | Müdür | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 2,000 |
| 1880 to 1882AH 1298 to 1299 | Başmüdür | Hakkâri | 3,000 |
| No annual entry: 1882/83 (AH 1300) | |||
| 1883 to 1885AH 1301 to 1302 | Müfettiş | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 2,000 |
| 1885 to 1887AH 1303 to 1304 | Başmüdür | Tripoli (Trablusgarp) | 3,000 |
| 1887 to 1890AH 1305 to 1307 | Başkitabet | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 2,000 to 2,150 |
| 1890/91AH 1308 | Müfettiş | Konya | 2,150 |
Record#
Personal
- Born
- 1839/40 (AH 1255)
- Birthplace
- Safranbolu
- Community
- Muslim (Müslüman)
- Nationality as recorded
- Turkish
- Father's occupation
- Karantina Naziri
Education
- Other named school
- Valide Sultan Mektebi (9 years)
- Unpaid years (mülazemet)
- 1 year
- Preparation route (classification of the paper)
- Middle
- Qualification (diploma, certificate, training or nişan)
- No
The years count all schooling up to that school, as the record gives them.
Languages
- Arabic
- asinafamiliarity
- Turkish
- Kitabetwriting
The glosses are cautious historical readings of the recorded words, not modern levels of proficiency.
First work
- Year
- 1855/56 (AH 1272)
- Place
- Istanbul (Dersaadet)
- First salary field (kuruş a month)
- 170
Legal records
- Legal record note as worded
- Fesat/ Beraat/ Şam Telgraf Müdürlüğü'nden infisali mübayaa kılınan telgraf vergilerine fesad karıştırdığı hakkında vuku bulan azviyyata mebni olduğu halde Suriye Vilayeti Meclis-i İdaresi'nce icra kılınan muhakemede beraatı tebeyyün etmekle keyfiyetin Adliye Nezareti Celilesi'yle Telgraf Nezareti Aliyyesi'ne bildirilerek müfterilerin üçer sene Akka'da kalebend edildiği Diyarbakır'dan infisali dahi Müfettiş Karisyo'nun şikayeti üzerine ise de muhakeme taleb edildiği halde mumaileyhin istinkaf eylediği cihetle memuriyetinin Yemen'e tahvil edildiği tercüme varakası hatimesinde muharrer olduğu halde Telgraf ve Posta Nezaret-i Aliyyesi tarafından yazılan mülahazada bu maddelere dair bir şey denilmemiş olduğundan maddeteyn-i mezkureteyn hakkında dairece mevcud olmuş lazım gelen muhaberat evrakı suver-i musaddakasının gönderilmesi hakkında nezaret-i müşarünileyha Sicill-i ahvâl Müdüriyeti'ne yazılan müzekkirede zeyline muharrer olan 20 Cemaziyelevvel 1300 tarihli cevaba melfuf bulunan nevakıs pusulasında maddeteyn-i mezkureteyn hakkında evraka dest-res olunamayup ancak mumaileyhin Şam ve Diyarbakır'dan infisali hasbe'l-icab idiği kayden tebeyyün eylemiş ve kendisinin zikrolunan infisallerininden sonra Telgraf ve Posta Nezaret-i Aliyyesi'nce yine mühim ve mutena memuriyetlerde bulundurulması her halde beraatına delil-i kafi bulunduğu gösterilmiştir.; Müfettişin Şikayeti üzerine Yemen'e gönderiliyor.; Bereat
- Years (AH) with a criminal-record mark in the annual records
- 1283; 1284; 1285; 1286; 1287; 1288; 1289; 1290; 1291; 1292; 1293; 1294; 1295; 1296; 1297; 1298; 1299; 1301; 1302; 1303; 1304; 1305; 1306; 1307; 1308
Recorded with#
Officials who share a place, a job title, a school, a birthplace or the year of the first annual entry. Ranks compare the highest monthly salary of each official.
Same place, same years
Of the 640 officials with entries in Istanbul in the same years, Mehmed Şevket Bey had the 21st highest salary.
- Bahattin Efendi8 shared years; highest salary 1,300 kuruş
- Emil Efendi7 shared years; highest salary 9,000 kuruş
- Mehmet Mazhar Bey7 shared years; highest salary 7,125 kuruş
- Abdurrahman Zekai Bey7 shared years; highest salary 3,600 kuruş
- Ali Kaya Bey7 shared years; highest salary 2,500 kuruş
Same job title, same years
Of the 53 officials with the title Müfettiş in the same years, Mehmed Şevket Bey had the 4th highest salary.
- Jul Lekaye Efendi9 shared years; highest salary 3,800 kuruş
- Odi Efendi8 shared years; highest salary 4,000 kuruş
- Antonoviç Efendi8 shared years; highest salary 3,500 kuruş
- Abdürrahim Efendi7 shared years; highest salary 2,500 kuruş
- Mehmet Zeki Efendi7 shared years; highest salary 2,000 kuruş
Same birthplace
Of the 9 officials born in Safranbolu, Mehmed Şevket Bey had the highest salary.
- Ahmet Tevfik Efendiborn 1846/47 (AH 1263); highest salary 500 kuruş
- Ali Beyborn 1849/50 (AH 1266); highest salary 2,400 kuruş
- Mehmet Muhtar Efendiborn 1860/61 (AH 1277); highest salary 400 kuruş
- Mehmed Rıza Efendiborn 1861/62 (AH 1278); highest salary 650 kuruş
- Mehmet Sezai Efendiborn 1861/62 (AH 1278); highest salary 1,500 kuruş
First annual entry in the same year
Of the 24 officials whose first annual entry is for 1858/59 (AH 1275), Mehmed Şevket Bey had the 4th highest salary.
- Mehmet Tahir Efendifirst entry in Istanbul; highest salary 1,200 kuruş
- Ali Kaya Beyfirst entry in Istanbul; highest salary 2,500 kuruş
- Mehmet Tevfik Efendifirst entry in Istanbul; highest salary 950 kuruş
- Emil Efendifirst entry in Istanbul; highest salary 9,000 kuruş
- Unnamed official (23_38; 73)first entry in Istanbul; highest salary 800 kuruş
Full record
Annual entries (33)
| Year | Title | Place | Kuruş a month | Institution | Source | Archive reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1858/59AH 1275 | Muhabere Memuru | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 250 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_231;458 |
| 1859/60AH 1276 | Muhabere Memuru | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_231;458 |
| 1860/61AH 1277 | Muhabere Memuru | Damascus (Şam) | 750 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_231;458 |
| 1861/62AH 1278 | Muhabere Memuru | Damascus (Şam) | 750 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_231;458 |
| 1862/63AH 1279 | Muhabere Memuru | Latakia (Lazkiye) | 1,250 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_231;458 |
| 1863/64AH 1280 | 2. Müdür | Sidon (Sayda) | 1,440 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_231;458 |
| 1864/65AH 1281 | 1. Müdür | Damascus (Şam) | 1,500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_231;458 |
| 1865/66AH 1282 | 1. Müdür | Damascus (Şam) | 1,500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_231;458 |
| 1866/67AH 1283 | 1. Müdür | Erzincan | 1,240 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_231;458 |
| 1867/68AH 1284 | 1. Müdür | Erzincan | 1,240 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_231;458 |
| 1868/69AH 1285 | 1. Müdür | Bitlis | 1,500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_231;458 |
| 1869/70AH 1286 | Müdür | Diyarbakır | 1,600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_231;458 |
| 1870/71AH 1287 | Müdür | Diyarbakır | 1,600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_231;458 |
| 1871/72AH 1288 | Müfettiş | Yemen | 5,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_231;458 |
| 1872/73AH 1289 | Müfettiş | Bosna | 3,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_231;458 |
| 1873/74AH 1290 | Müfettiş | Bosna | 3,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_231;458 |
| 1874/75AH 1291 | Müfettiş | Bosna | 3,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_231;458 |
| 1875/76AH 1292 | Müfettiş | Erzurum | 3,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_231;458 |
| 1876/77AH 1293 | Müfettiş | Erzurum | 3,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_231;458 |
| 1877/78AH 1294 | Müfettiş | Erzurum | 3,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_231;458 |
| 1878AH 1295 | Müfettiş | Erzurum | 3,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_231;458 |
| 1878/79AH 1296 | Müfettiş | Erzurum | 3,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_231;458 |
| 1879/80AH 1297 | Müdür | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 2,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_231;458 |
| 1880/81AH 1298 | Başmüdür | Hakkâri | 3,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_231;458 |
| 1881/82AH 1299 | Başmüdür | Hakkâri | 3,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_231;458 |
| 1883/84AH 1301 | Müfettiş | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 2,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_231;458 |
| 1884/85AH 1302 | Müfettiş | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 2,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_231;458 |
| 1885/86AH 1303 | Başmüdür | Tripoli (Trablusgarp) | 3,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_231;458 |
| 1886/87AH 1304 | Başmüdür | Tripoli (Trablusgarp) | 3,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_231;458 |
| 1887/88AH 1305 | Başkitabet | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 2,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_231;458 |
| 1888/89AH 1306 | Başkitabet | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 2,150 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_231;458 |
| 1889/90AH 1307 | Başkitabet | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 2,150 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_231;458 |
| 1890/91AH 1308 | Müfettiş | Konya | 2,150 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_231;458 |
What the sources named in this table are
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
Sources and original values (19)
| Field | Recorded value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Identity | ||
| Name | Mehmed Şevket Bey | Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Birth year (AH) | 1255 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Birthplace | safranbolu | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Province of birth | kastamonu | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Father's occupation | karantina naziri | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Religion | Musluman | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Nationality or community | turkish | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Schooling | ||
| School | Valide Sultan Mektebi | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Years of schooling | 9 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Years of apprenticeship (mülazemet) | 1 used on this page | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Years of apprenticeship (mülazemet) | 0 other value | Recovered annual personnel extract |
| First work | ||
| First work: year (AH) | 1272 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First work: Gregorian year as stored | 1856 | Recovered annual personnel extract |
| First work: place | istanbul | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First salary field (kuruş a month) | 170 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Legal records | ||
| Legal record note as worded | Fesat/ Beraat/ Şam Telgraf Müdürlüğü'nden infisali mübayaa kılınan telgraf vergilerine fesad karıştırdığı hakkında vuku bulan azviyyata mebni olduğu halde Suriye Vilayeti Meclis-i İdaresi'nce icra kılınan muhakemede beraatı tebeyyün etmekle keyfiyetin Adliye Nezareti Celilesi'yle Telgraf Nezareti Aliyyesi'ne bildirilerek müfterilerin üçer sene Akka'da kalebend edildiği Diyarbakır'dan infisali dahi Müfettiş Karisyo'nun şikayeti üzerine ise de muhakeme taleb edildiği halde mumaileyhin istinkaf eylediği cihetle memuriyetinin Yemen'e tahvil edildiği tercüme varakası hatimesinde muharrer olduğu halde Telgraf ve Posta Nezaret-i Aliyyesi tarafından yazılan mülahazada bu maddelere dair bir şey denilmemiş olduğundan maddeteyn-i mezkureteyn hakkında dairece mevcud olmuş lazım gelen muhaberat evrakı suver-i musaddakasının gönderilmesi hakkında nezaret-i müşarünileyha Sicill-i ahvâl Müdüriyeti'ne yazılan müzekkirede zeyline muharrer olan 20 Cemaziyelevvel 1300 tarihli cevaba melfuf bulunan nevakıs pusulasında maddeteyn-i mezkureteyn hakkında evraka dest-res olunamayup ancak mumaileyhin Şam ve Diyarbakır'dan infisali hasbe'l-icab idiği kayden tebeyyün eylemiş ve kendisinin zikrolunan infisallerininden sonra Telgraf ve Posta Nezaret-i Aliyyesi'nce yine mühim ve mutena memuriyetlerde bulundurulması her halde beraatına delil-i kafi bulunduğu gösterilmiştir. used on this page | Legal notes (earlier workbook copy); Legal notes (later workbook copy) |
| Legal record note as worded | Müfettişin Şikayeti üzerine Yemen'e gönderiliyor. other value | Legal notes (earlier workbook copy); Legal notes (later workbook copy) |
| Legal record note as worded | Bereat other value | Legal notes (earlier workbook copy); Legal notes (later workbook copy) |
| Years (AH) with a criminal-record mark in the annual records | 1283; 1284; 1285; 1286; 1287; 1288; 1289; 1290; 1291; 1292; 1293; 1294; 1295; 1296; 1297; 1298; 1299; 1301; 1302; 1303; 1304; 1305; 1306; 1307; 1308 | Later annual personnel extract |
What the sources named in this table are
- Legal notes (earlier workbook copy)
- A workbook of notes on legal records. The wording is kept as written. It may hold an accusation or an acquittal, it is not the finding of a court, and its year is the year of the record, not the date of an event.
- Legal notes (later workbook copy)
- A later copy of the workbook of notes on legal records. The same wording in both copies is one note, not two.
- Later annual personnel extract
- The detailed annual personnel file of October 2025. It marks single annual entries with a criminal-record flag and holds status words such as Vefat. For a death, the year is the year of the annual list in which the status word stands.
- Earlier annual personnel extract
- The detailed annual personnel file of October 2024. An official found only in this file keeps the years, titles and salaries it gives.
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
- Personnel attributes extract
- The detailed personnel file of September 2025, read for personal details such as birth, schooling and first work.
- The sources give more than one value for a marked field. Every value is listed.
- Origin of the record: Post and Telegraph personnel records.
- 21 annual entries of 33 belong to the saved estimation sample of the paper.
How to read this record: calendar years, years without an annual entry, salaries and sources.
Subjects
- Mehmed Şevket Bey
- Inspector (Müfettiş)
- Istanbul (Dersaadet)
- Safranbolu
- Valide Sultan Mektebi
- Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)
- Muslim (Müslüman)
- Biography of an Ottoman official (Osmanlı memurunun biyografisi)
- Career and pay (memuriyet ve maaş)
- Ottoman history (Osmanlı tarihi)
- Ottoman bureaucracy (Osmanlı bürokrasisi)
- Ottoman officials (Osmanlı'da memurlar)
- Ottoman personnel registers (Sicill-i Ahvâl defterleri)
- Ottoman registers (Osmanlı defterleri)