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Official

Bekir Efendi

Muslim (Müslüman). Born in Kirkuk (Kerkük) in 1845/46 (AH 1262). On record 1868 to 1907, 39 annual entries.

Archive reference 0065_0169; 335

Life

Bekir Efendi was born in Kirkuk (Kerkük) in 1845/46 (AH 1262). The record gives the community as Muslim (Müslüman), the nationality as Turkish and the father's occupation as Tuccar.

Schooling recorded: Sıbyan Mektebi, with 4 years of schooling recorded. The record marks no qualification (diploma, certificate, training or decoration). Languages recorded, with the skill words of the record: Turkish, with Kitabet.

First work is recorded in Kirkuk in 1866/67 (AH 1283): Telgraf. The official was then about 20 years old. The record gives 2 years of unpaid apprenticeship (mülazemet) before the first salary. The first-salary field gives 400 kuruş a month. At the first annual entry, in 1868/69, the official was about 22 years old.

The first annual entry, for 1868/69, shows Muhabere Memuru in Kifri (Salahiye), with 400 kuruş a month. In 1869/70 the record shows no title in Mosul (Musul) (before: Muhabere Memuru in Kifri). In 1870/71 the record shows no title (before: no title in Mosul). In 1873/74 the record shows Tahrirat Kalemi in Mosul, with 500 kuruş a month (before: no title). In 1874/75 the record shows Aşar Memuru in Acre (Akka), the salary going from 500 to 1,000 kuruş a month (before: Tahrirat Kalemi in Mosul). In 1875/76 the record shows Muhabere Memuru in Kirkuk, the salary going from 1,000 to 400 kuruş a month (before: Aşar Memuru in Acre). 2 further changes of title or place follow in the record. In 1879/80 the record shows 3. Müdür in Erbil, the salary going from 800 to 600 kuruş a month (before: 2. Müdür in Erbil). In 1880/81 the record shows 2. Müdür in Erbil, the salary going from 600 to 760 kuruş a month (before: 3. Müdür in Erbil). In 1888/89 the record shows Müfettiş Muavini in Baghdad (Bağdat), the salary going from 760 to 1,200 kuruş a month (before: 2. Müdür in Erbil). In 1897/98 the record shows Müfettiş in Baghdad, the salary going from 1,080 to 1,500 kuruş a month (before: Müfettiş Muavini in Baghdad). In 1906/07 the record shows Başmüdür in Hicaz, the salary going from 2,250 to 2,700 kuruş a month (before: Müfettiş in Baghdad). No annual entry is recorded for 1872/73.

The highest salary, 2,700 kuruş a month, is first recorded in 1906/07 as Başmüdür. 97 per cent of the other officials with a recorded salary that year earned less. The median salary of all officials that year was 450 kuruş. Over 36 years with a salary the median is 1,140 kuruş a month, with 10 rises and 3 cuts. The largest rise, 500 kuruş, is seen in 1874/75. From the first salary to the last the salary grew by 5.02 per cent a year on average.

Record

Personal

Born
1845/46 (AH 1262)
Community
Muslim (Müslüman)
Nationality as recorded
Turkish
Father's occupation
Tuccar

Education

Primary
Sıbyan Mektebi (4 years)school for young children (primary school)
Unpaid years (mülazemet)
2 years
Preparation route (classification of the paper)
Low
Qualification (diploma, certificate, training or nişan)
NoShown as in the flag of the paper. The qualification column of the recovered extract gives yes.

The years count all schooling up to that school, as the record gives them.

Languages

Turkish
Kitabetwriting

The glosses are cautious historical readings of the recorded words, not modern levels of proficiency.

First work

Year
1866/67 (AH 1283)
First job as worded
Telgraf
Age at first work (workbook field)
21
First salary field (kuruş a month)
400
First-job salary of the original workbook (kuruş a month)
400

Career

Career of Bekir Efendi, one row per stage
YearsTitlePlaceSalary (kuruş a month)
1866/67AH 1283Telgraffirst workKirkuk (Kerkük)400first-salary field
1868/69AH 1285Muhabere MemuruKifri (Salahiye)400
1869/70AH 1286
Other institution
Mosul (Musul)
1870 to 1872AH 1287 to 1288
Other institution
2 entries
YearSalary
1870/71
1871/72
No annual entry: 1872/73 (AH 1289)
1873/74AH 1290Tahrirat Kalemi
Other institution
Mosul (Musul)500
1874/75AH 1291Aşar Memuru
Finance (Maliye)
Acre (Akka)1,000
1875/76AH 1292Muhabere MemuruKirkuk (Kerkük)400
1876/77AH 1293Muhabere MemuruBasra800
1877 to 1879AH 1294 to 12962. Müdür
3 entries
YearSalary
1877/78800
1878800
1878/79800
Erbil800
1879/80AH 12973. MüdürErbil600
1880 to 1888AH 1298 to 13052. Müdür
8 entries
YearSalary
1880/81760
1881/82760
1882/83760
1883/84760
1884/85760
1885/86760
1886/87760
1887/88760
Erbil760
1888 to 1897AH 1306 to 1314Müfettiş Muavini
9 entries
YearSalary
1888/891,200
1889/901,200
1890/911,200
1891/921,200
1892/931,200
1893/941,200
1894/951,200
1895/961,200
1896/971,080
Baghdad (Bağdat)1,200 to 1,080
1897 to 1906AH 1315 to 1323Müfettiş
9 entries
YearSalary
1897/981,500
1898/991,680
1899/19001,680
1900/011,880
1901/021,880
1902/031,880
1903/041,880
1904/052,250
1905/062,250
Baghdad (Bağdat)1,500 to 2,250
1906/07AH 1324BaşmüdürHicaz2,700
Monthly salary, kuruş
no entry01,0002,0003,0001873/74AH 12901882/83AH 13001892/93AH 13101902/03AH 13202,700 kuruşEntry of another institution
Salary against the medians of the same year
2005001,0002,0005,0001873/74AH 12901882/83AH 13001892/93AH 13101902/03AH 1320This officialMedian, all officialsMedian, same title

Log scale: equal steps are equal ratios. The median of the same title is drawn for the years in which at least 5 officials with that title had a salary.

The numbers of the chart
Salary of Bekir Efendi against the medians of the same year, kuruş a month
YearSalaryMedian, all officialsMedian, same titlePaid less
1868/6940060048017%
1873/7450050040044%
1874/751,00053579%
1875/7640053040023%
1876/77800582.541067%
1877/7880056080068%
187880060080065%
1878/7980060080066%
1879/8060050060061%
1880/8176050080074%
1881/8276050080074%
1882/8376050080073%
1883/8476050080073%
1884/8576050080073%
1885/8676050080075%
1886/8776050080075%
1887/8876050080074%
1888/891,2005001,20087%
1889/901,2005001,20088%
1890/911,2005001,20089%
1891/921,2005001,20090%
1892/931,2005001,20090%
1893/941,2005001,20091%
1894/951,2005001,20091%
1895/961,2005001,20090%
1896/971,0805001,08091%
1897/981,5005001,80095%
1898/991,6805001,80096%
1899/19001,6805001,80096%
1900/011,8805001,80096%
1901/021,8805001,80096%
1902/031,8805001,84096%
1903/041,8804751,80096%
1904/052,2504502,00097%
1905/062,2504752,00097%
1906/072,7004502,65097%

Paid less: the share of the other officials with a salary that year who earned less.

Placesbornfirst workannual entries
KirkukHicazKifriMosulAcreBasraErbilBaghdad

Choose a row to mark its years in the charts and its place on the map.

Named in scholarly works

No link between a work and an official has been accepted. Each entry was found by fixed rules on the name and the recorded fields, and says what it rests on.

Recorded with

Recorded in the same place in the same years

108 officials in all. Officials recorded in Baghdad (Bağdat)

Same school recorded

744 officials in all. Officials with Sıbyan Mektebi recorded

Same birthplace

29 officials in all. Officials born in Kirkuk (Kerkük)

Full record

Annual entries (39)

Annual entries of Bekir Efendi
YearTitlePlaceKuruş a monthInstitutionSourceArchive reference
1868/69AH 1285Muhabere MemuruKifri (Salahiye)400Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0065_0169; 335
1869/70AH 1286Mosul (Musul)OtherCross-ministry personnel workbook0065_0169; 335
1870/71AH 1287OtherCross-ministry personnel workbook0065_0169; 335
1871/72AH 1288OtherCross-ministry personnel workbook0065_0169; 335
1873/74AH 1290Tahrirat KalemiMosul (Musul)500OtherCross-ministry personnel workbook0065_0169; 335
1874/75AH 1291Aşar MemuruAcre (Akka)1,000Finance (Maliye)Cross-ministry personnel workbook0065_0169; 335
1875/76AH 1292Muhabere MemuruKirkuk (Kerkük)400Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0065_0169; 335
1876/77AH 1293Muhabere MemuruBasra800Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0065_0169; 335
1877/78AH 12942. MüdürErbil800Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0065_0169; 335
1878AH 12952. MüdürErbil800Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0065_0169; 335
1878/79AH 12962. MüdürErbil800Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0065_0169; 335
1879/80AH 12973. MüdürErbil600Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0065_0169; 335
1880/81AH 12982. MüdürErbil760Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0065_0169; 335
1881/82AH 12992. MüdürErbil760Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0065_0169; 335
1882/83AH 13002. MüdürErbil760Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0065_0169; 335
1883/84AH 13012. MüdürErbil760Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0065_0169; 335
1884/85AH 13022. MüdürErbil760Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0065_0169; 335
1885/86AH 13032. MüdürErbil760Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0065_0169; 335
1886/87AH 13042. MüdürErbil760Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0065_0169; 335
1887/88AH 13052. MüdürErbil760Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0065_0169; 335
1888/89AH 1306Müfettiş MuaviniBaghdad (Bağdat)1,200Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0065_0169; 335
1889/90AH 1307Müfettiş MuaviniBaghdad (Bağdat)1,200Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0065_0169; 335
1890/91AH 1308Müfettiş MuaviniBaghdad (Bağdat)1,200Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0065_0169; 335
1891/92AH 1309Müfettiş MuaviniBaghdad (Bağdat)1,200Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0065_0169; 335
1892/93AH 1310Müfettiş MuaviniBaghdad (Bağdat)1,200Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0065_0169; 335
1893/94AH 1311Müfettiş MuaviniBaghdad (Bağdat)1,200Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0065_0169; 335
1894/95AH 1312Müfettiş MuaviniBaghdad (Bağdat)1,200Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0065_0169; 335
1895/96AH 1313Müfettiş MuaviniBaghdad (Bağdat)1,200Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0065_0169; 335
1896/97AH 1314Müfettiş MuaviniBaghdad (Bağdat)1,080Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0065_0169; 335
1897/98AH 1315MüfettişBaghdad (Bağdat)1,500Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0065_0169; 335
1898/99AH 1316MüfettişBaghdad (Bağdat)1,680Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0065_0169; 335
1899/1900AH 1317MüfettişBaghdad (Bağdat)1,680Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0065_0169; 335
1900/01AH 1318MüfettişBaghdad (Bağdat)1,880Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0065_0169; 335
1901/02AH 1319MüfettişBaghdad (Bağdat)1,880Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0065_0169; 335
1902/03AH 1320MüfettişBaghdad (Bağdat)1,880Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0065_0169; 335
1903/04AH 1321MüfettişBaghdad (Bağdat)1,880Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0065_0169; 335
1904/05AH 1322MüfettişBaghdad (Bağdat)2,250Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0065_0169; 335
1905/06AH 1323MüfettişBaghdad (Bağdat)2,250Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0065_0169; 335
1906/07AH 1324BaşmüdürHicaz2,700Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0065_0169; 335
What the sources named in this table are
Cross-ministry personnel workbook
A personnel workbook with the annual entries in institutions other than the Post and Telegraph (justice, land registry, customs, police and others), with the same annual fields as the personnel workbook.
Recovered annual personnel extract
The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.

Sources and original values (23)

Recorded values of Bekir Efendi with their sources
FieldRecorded valueSource
Identity
NameBekir EfendiPersonnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Linked personnel workbook
Birth year (AH)1262Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
BirthplacekerkukRecovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
Birthplace: district (kaza)KerkukCross-ministry personnel workbook
Birthplace: sancakKerkukCross-ministry personnel workbook
Birthplace: province (vilayet)MusulCross-ministry personnel workbook
Province of birthmusulRecovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract
Father's occupationTuccarRecovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
ReligionMuslumanRecovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
Nationality or communityTurkishRecovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
Schooling
SchoolSibyan MektebiRecovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
Years of schooling4Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
Years of apprenticeship (mülazemet)2Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
First work
First work: year (AH)1283Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Linked personnel workbook
First work: Gregorian year as stored1866Recovered annual personnel extract
First work: placeKerkukRecovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
First work: district (kaza)KerkukCross-ministry personnel workbook
First work: sancakKerkukCross-ministry personnel workbook
First work: province (vilayet)musulCross-ministry personnel workbook
First job as wordedTelgrafLinked personnel workbook; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
Age at first work (workbook field)21Cross-ministry personnel workbook
First salary field (kuruş a month)400Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract
First-job salary of the original workbook (kuruş a month)400Linked personnel workbook; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
What the sources named in this table are
Cross-ministry personnel workbook
A personnel workbook with the annual entries in institutions other than the Post and Telegraph (justice, land registry, customs, police and others), with the same annual fields as the personnel workbook.
Earlier annual personnel extract
The detailed annual personnel file of October 2024. An official found only in this file keeps the years, titles and salaries it gives.
Recovered annual personnel extract
The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
Personnel attributes extract
The detailed personnel file of September 2025, read for personal details such as birth, schooling and first work.
Linked personnel workbook
The original personnel workbook, from which selected fields on background and first work are taken.
  • Origin of the record: Post and Telegraph personnel records.
  • 32 annual entries of 39 belong to the saved estimation sample of the paper.

How to read this record: calendar years, years without an annual entry, salaries and sources.