Official
Yusuf Ziya Efendi
Muslim (Müslüman). Born in Kirkuk (Kerkük) in 1839/40 (AH 1255). On record 1864 to 1885, 22 annual entries.
Archive reference 25_192; 379
Life#
Born in Kirkuk (Kerkük) in 1839/40 (AH 1255), Yusuf Ziya Efendi came from the Muslim (Müslüman) community; the father was a merchant (tüccar). Few officials knew Kurdish; only 12 of the 5,211 officials did.
Yusuf Ziya began work in the telegraph service (Telgraf) in Baghdad (Bağdat) in 1862/63, at about 23, with two unpaid years as a mülazım (apprentice) before a first salary of 576 kuruş. The first annual entry, for 1864/65, places Yusuf Ziya in Baghdad as a communications official (Muhabere Memuru), where the entries run to 1866/67. Yusuf Ziya then moved to Al Diwaniyah in 1867/68, then back to Baghdad from 1868 to 1878, with a rise to director of the first grade (1. Müdür) in 1876/77. The annual lists then follow Yusuf Ziya to Aleppo in 1878. The last posts were in Mosul (Musul) from 1878 to 1885, first as 1. Müdür, from 1879/80 as a director of the second grade (2. Müdür) and from 1884/85 as Emlaki Humayun Muduriyeti.
Pay rose from 576 kuruş a month in 1864/65 to a peak of 2,000 in 1884/85, as Emlaki Humayun Muduriyeti in Mosul, when 92 per cent of paid officials earned less. The final annual entry is for 1884/85. Yusuf Ziya probably has an entry in "Sicill-i Ahval Defterlerine göre Kerküklü devlet adamları" by ORHAN ABDULBASIT ANWER ANWER (2021) (the name and the birthplace agree).
Places in order of time#
Each number is a stop: the birthplace, the place of first work, then every place of the annual entries in turn. The year beside an arrow is the first entry at the new place.
Born 1839/40 (AH 1255)
First work 1862/63 (AH 1279); 1864 to 1867 (AH 1281 to 1283)
First work as Telgraf
480 to 576 kuruş a month; entries in 3 years
1868 to 1878 (AH 1285 to 1294)
Muhabere Memuru 1868 to 1876 (AH 1285 to 1292); 1. Müdür 1876 to 1878 (AH 1293 to 1294)
760 to 1,500 kuruş a month; entries in 10 years
1878 to 1885 (AH 1296 to 1302)
1. Müdür 1878/79 (AH 1296); 2. Müdür 1879 to 1884 (AH 1297 to 1301); Emlaki Humayun Muduriyeti 1884/85 (AH 1302)
950 to 2,000 kuruş a month; entries in 7 years
Career and salary#
Log scale: equal steps are equal ratios. The median of the same title is drawn for the years in which at least 5 officials with that title had a salary.
The numbers of the chart
| Year | Salary | Median, all officials | Median, same title | Paid less |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1864/65 | 576 | 625 | 570 | 40% |
| 1865/66 | 576 | 650 | 576 | 38% |
| 1866/67 | 480 | 600 | 480 | 29% |
| 1867/68 | 800 | 600 | 480 | 61% |
| 1868/69 | 800 | 600 | 480 | 61% |
| 1869/70 | 800 | 600 | 400 | 61% |
| 1870/71 | 800 | 600 | 400 | 63% |
| 1871/72 | 760 | 550 | 400 | 64% |
| 1872/73 | 760 | 550 | 400 | 64% |
| 1873/74 | 1,000 | 500 | 400 | 79% |
| 1874/75 | 1,000 | 535 | 450 | 79% |
| 1875/76 | 1,000 | 530 | 400 | 78% |
| 1876/77 | 1,500 | 582.5 | 1,225 | 89% |
| 1877/78 | 1,500 | 560 | 1,225 | 88% |
| 1878 | 1,500 | 600 | 1,250 | 87% |
| 1878/79 | 1,400 | 600 | 1,250 | 87% |
| 1879/80 | 950 | 500 | 800 | 83% |
| 1880/81 | 950 | 500 | 800 | 83% |
| 1881/82 | 950 | 500 | 800 | 83% |
| 1882/83 | 950 | 500 | 800 | 81% |
| 1883/84 | 950 | 500 | 800 | 81% |
| 1884/85 | 2,000 | 500 | 92% |
Paid less: the share of the other officials with a salary that year who earned less.
Point at a year for its salary, title, place and the median of all officials paid that year. Choose a row of the table to mark its years in the charts and its stop on the map.
| Years | Title | Place | Salary (kuruş a month) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1862/63AH 1279 | Telgraffirst work | Baghdad (Bağdat) | 576first-salary field |
| 1864 to 1867AH 1281 to 1283 | Muhabere Memuru | Baghdad (Bağdat) | 576 to 480 |
| 1867/68AH 1284 | Muhabere Memuru | Al Diwaniyah (Divaniye) | 800 |
| 1868 to 1876AH 1285 to 1292 | Muhabere Memuru | Baghdad (Bağdat) | 800 to 1,000 |
| 1876 to 1878AH 1293 to 1294 | 1. Müdür | Baghdad (Bağdat) | 1,500 |
| 1878AH 1295 | 1. Müdür | Aleppo (Halep) | 1,500 |
| 1878/79AH 1296 | 1. Müdür | Mosul (Musul) | 1,400 |
| 1879 to 1884AH 1297 to 1301 | 2. Müdür | Mosul (Musul) | 950 |
| 1884/85AH 1302 | Emlaki Humayun Muduriyeti | Mosul (Musul) | 2,000 |
Record#
Personal
- Born
- 1839/40 (AH 1255)
- Birthplace
- Kirkuk (Kerkük)
- Community
- Muslim (Müslüman)
- Nationality as recorded
- Turkish
- Father's occupation
- Tuccar
Education
- Primary
- Sıbyan Mektebi (4 years)school for young children (primary school)
- Unpaid years (mülazemet)
- 2 years
- Preparation route (classification of the paper)
- Low
- Qualification (diploma, certificate, training or nişan)
- NoShown as in the flag of the paper. The qualification column of the recovered extract gives yes.
The years count all schooling up to that school, as the record gives them.
Languages
- Arabic
- Kitabetwriting
- Kurdish
- Tekellumspeaking
- Persian
- Kitabetwriting
- Turkish
- Kitabetwriting
The glosses are cautious historical readings of the recorded words, not modern levels of proficiency.
First work
- Year
- 1862/63 (AH 1279)
- Place
- Baghdad (Bağdat)
- First job as worded
- Telgraf
- Age at first work (workbook field)
- 24
- First salary field (kuruş a month)
- 576
- First-job salary of the original workbook (kuruş a month)
- 576
Named in scholarly works#
No link between a work and an official has been accepted. Each entry was found by fixed rules on the name and the recorded fields, and says what it rests on.
Sicill-i Ahval Defterlerine göre Kerküklü devlet adamları (ORHAN ABDULBASIT ANWER ANWER, 2021). Name as printed: YUSUF ZİYA EFENDİ. PDF pages 246, 247, 248 and 249.
Probable link: same name and birthplace
Recorded with#
Officials who share a place, a job title, a school, a birthplace or the year of the first annual entry. Ranks compare the highest monthly salary of each official.
Same place, same years
Of the 37 officials with entries in Baghdad (Bağdat) in the same years, Yusuf Ziya Efendi had the 14th highest salary.
- Abdurrezzak Efendi13 shared years; highest salary 1,500 kuruş
- Hacı Mehmet Reşit Efendi11 shared years; highest salary 2,000 kuruş
- Artin Aram Efendi9 shared years; highest salary 4,000 kuruş
- Ahmet Efendi7 shared years; highest salary 3,000 kuruş
- Galyar İskender Efendi7 shared years; highest salary 2,800 kuruş
Same job title, same years
Of the 535 officials with the title Muhabere Memuru in the same years, Yusuf Ziya Efendi had the 43rd highest salary.
- Mehmet Pertev Bey12 shared years; highest salary 1,500 kuruş
- Nikola Yunani Efendi12 shared years; highest salary 1,350 kuruş
- Şarl Laze Efendi12 shared years; highest salary 1,250 kuruş
- Halil Efendi12 shared years; highest salary 800 kuruş
- İsmail Şükrü Efendi12 shared years; highest salary 800 kuruş
Same school
Of the 746 officials with Sıbyan Mektebi among their schools, 745 have a recorded salary; Yusuf Ziya Efendi had the 75th highest salary of them.
- Abdulhamit Efendiborn 1839/40 (AH 1255); highest salary 2,000 kuruş
- Abdullah Şükrü Efendiborn 1839/40 (AH 1255); highest salary 720 kuruş
- Ahmet Cavit Beyborn 1839/40 (AH 1255); highest salary 3,000 kuruş
- Ahmet Efendiborn 1839/40 (AH 1255); highest salary 500 kuruş
- Ahmet Hamdi Efendiborn 1839/40 (AH 1255); highest salary 1,000 kuruş
Same birthplace
Of the 30 officials born in Kirkuk (Kerkük), Yusuf Ziya Efendi had the 2nd highest salary.
- Bekir Efendiborn 1845/46 (AH 1262); highest salary 2,700 kuruş
- Mehmed Muhlis Efendiborn 1849/50 (AH 1266); highest salary 575 kuruş
- İsmail Hakkı Efendiborn 1853/54 (AH 1270); highest salary 760 kuruş
- Mehmet Salih Efendiborn 1856/57 (AH 1273); highest salary 600 kuruş
- Kevser Efendiborn 1858/59 (AH 1275); highest salary 790 kuruş
The page of Kirkuk (Kerkük), with the 30 officials born there
First annual entry in the same year
Of the 40 officials whose first annual entry is for 1864/65 (AH 1281), Yusuf Ziya Efendi had the 11th highest salary.
- Aristidi Kaçaris Efendifirst entry in Istanbul; highest salary 720 kuruş
- Abdullah Nafiz Beyfirst entry in Istanbul; highest salary 3,000 kuruş
- Bekir Sami Efendifirst entry in Istanbul; highest salary 800 kuruş
- Halil Efendifirst entry in Tekirdağ; highest salary 800 kuruş
- Hafiz Mehmet Sukru Efendifirst entry in Nazilli; highest salary 1,800 kuruş
Full record
Annual entries (22)
| Year | Title | Place | Kuruş a month | Institution | Source | Archive reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1864/65AH 1281 | Muhabere Memuru | Baghdad (Bağdat) | 576 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 25_192; 379 |
| 1865/66AH 1282 | Muhabere Memuru | Baghdad (Bağdat) | 576 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 25_192; 379 |
| 1866/67AH 1283 | Muhabere Memuru | Baghdad (Bağdat) | 480 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 25_192; 379 |
| 1867/68AH 1284 | Muhabere Memuru | Al Diwaniyah (Divaniye) | 800 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 25_192; 379 |
| 1868/69AH 1285 | Muhabere Memuru | Baghdad (Bağdat) | 800 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 25_192; 379 |
| 1869/70AH 1286 | Muhabere Memuru | Baghdad (Bağdat) | 800 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 25_192; 379 |
| 1870/71AH 1287 | Muhabere Memuru | Baghdad (Bağdat) | 800 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 25_192; 379 |
| 1871/72AH 1288 | Muhabere Memuru | Baghdad (Bağdat) | 760 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 25_192; 379 |
| 1872/73AH 1289 | Muhabere Memuru | Baghdad (Bağdat) | 760 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 25_192; 379 |
| 1873/74AH 1290 | Muhabere Memuru | Baghdad (Bağdat) | 1,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 25_192; 379 |
| 1874/75AH 1291 | Muhabere Memuru | Baghdad (Bağdat) | 1,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 25_192; 379 |
| 1875/76AH 1292 | Muhabere Memuru | Baghdad (Bağdat) | 1,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 25_192; 379 |
| 1876/77AH 1293 | 1. Müdür | Baghdad (Bağdat) | 1,500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 25_192; 379 |
| 1877/78AH 1294 | 1. Müdür | Baghdad (Bağdat) | 1,500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 25_192; 379 |
| 1878AH 1295 | 1. Müdür | Aleppo (Halep) | 1,500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 25_192; 379 |
| 1878/79AH 1296 | 1. Müdür | Mosul (Musul) | 1,400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 25_192; 379 |
| 1879/80AH 1297 | 2. Müdür | Mosul (Musul) | 950 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 25_192; 379 |
| 1880/81AH 1298 | 2. Müdür | Mosul (Musul) | 950 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 25_192; 379 |
| 1881/82AH 1299 | 2. Müdür | Mosul (Musul) | 950 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 25_192; 379 |
| 1882/83AH 1300 | 2. Müdür | Mosul (Musul) | 950 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 25_192; 379 |
| 1883/84AH 1301 | 2. Müdür | Mosul (Musul) | 950 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 25_192; 379 |
| 1884/85AH 1302 | Emlaki Humayun Muduriyeti | Mosul (Musul) | 2,000 | Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 25_192; 379 |
What the sources named in this table are
- Cross-ministry personnel workbook
- A personnel workbook with the annual entries in institutions other than the Post and Telegraph (justice, land registry, customs, police and others), with the same annual fields as the personnel workbook.
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
Sources and original values (23)
| Field | Recorded value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Identity | ||
| Name | Yusuf Ziya Efendi | Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Linked personnel workbook |
| Birth year (AH) | 1255 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Birthplace | kerkuk | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Birthplace: district (kaza) | Kerkuk | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Birthplace: sancak | Kerkuk | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Birthplace: province (vilayet) | Musul | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Province of birth | musul | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Father's occupation | Tuccar | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Religion | Musluman | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Nationality or community | Turkish | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Schooling | ||
| School | Sibyan mektebi | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Years of schooling | 4 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Years of apprenticeship (mülazemet) | 2 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| First work | ||
| First work: year (AH) | 1279 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Linked personnel workbook |
| First work: Gregorian year as stored | 1862 | Recovered annual personnel extract |
| First work: place | Bagdat | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| First work: district (kaza) | Bagdat | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| First work: sancak | Bagdat | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| First work: province (vilayet) | Bagdat | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| First job as worded | Telgraf | Linked personnel workbook; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Age at first work (workbook field) | 24 | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| First salary field (kuruş a month) | 576 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First-job salary of the original workbook (kuruş a month) | 576 | Linked personnel workbook; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
What the sources named in this table are
- Cross-ministry personnel workbook
- A personnel workbook with the annual entries in institutions other than the Post and Telegraph (justice, land registry, customs, police and others), with the same annual fields as the personnel workbook.
- Earlier annual personnel extract
- The detailed annual personnel file of October 2024. An official found only in this file keeps the years, titles and salaries it gives.
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
- Personnel attributes extract
- The detailed personnel file of September 2025, read for personal details such as birth, schooling and first work.
- Linked personnel workbook
- The original personnel workbook, from which selected fields on background and first work are taken.
- Origin of the record: Post and Telegraph personnel records.
- 15 annual entries of 22 belong to the saved estimation sample of the paper.
How to read this record: calendar years, years without an annual entry, salaries and sources.
Subjects
- Yusuf Ziya Efendi
- Communications official (Muhabere Memuru)
- Baghdad (Bağdat)
- Kirkuk (Kerkük)
- School for young children (Sıbyan Mektebi)
- Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)
- Muslim (Müslüman)
- Biography of an Ottoman official (Osmanlı memurunun biyografisi)
- Career and pay (memuriyet ve maaş)
- Ottoman history (Osmanlı tarihi)
- Ottoman bureaucracy (Osmanlı bürokrasisi)
- Ottoman officials (Osmanlı'da memurlar)
- Ottoman personnel registers (Sicill-i Ahvâl defterleri)
- Ottoman registers (Osmanlı defterleri)