Official
Ahmet Cavit Bey
Muslim (Müslüman). Born in Plovdiv (Filibe) in 1839/40 (AH 1255). On record 1859 to 1896, 37 annual entries. Death recorded 1896/97.
Archive reference 4_132; 258
Life#
Born in Plovdiv (Filibe) in 1839/40 (AH 1255), Ahmet Cavit Bey came from the Muslim (Müslüman) community. At about 18, in 1857/58, Ahmet Cavit began work in Plovdiv, with two unpaid years as a mülazım (apprentice) before a first salary of 500 kuruş. The annual lists begin in 1859/60, with Ahmet Cavit as a communications official (Muhabere Memuru) in Plovdiv, the birthplace. Next came seven places in 18 years, from Serres (Siroz) to Erzurum, with a rise to director (Müdür) in 1870/71 and to Seyyar Mufettis in 1876/77, then Ioannina (Yanya) from 1878 to 1884. From 1884 to 1896 every annual entry places Ahmet Cavit in Kosova. Seven provinces on two continents in all, a number reached by fewer than 4 per cent of the 5,200 officials with a place of service.
Pay rose from 500 kuruş a month in 1859/60 to a peak of 3,000 in 1878, as a chief director (Başmüdür) in Shkodër, when 95 per cent of paid officials earned less. Over 37 years the salaries add up to 852,000 kuruş, 3.6 times what an official on the median salary earned, a level reached by fewer than 4 per cent of the 3,805 officials paid for five years or more. After the last annual entry, for 1895/96, the list of 1896/97 (AH 1314) gives the status word Vefat (death).
Places in order of time#
Each number is a stop: the birthplace, the place of first work, then every place of the annual entries in turn. The year beside an arrow is the first entry at the new place.
Born 1839/40 (AH 1255); First work 1857/58 (AH 1274); 1859 to 1861 (AH 1276 to 1277)
400 to 500 kuruş a month; entries in 2 years
1863 to 1866 (AH 1280 to 1282)
1,200 to 1,500 kuruş a month; entries in 3 years
1878 (AH 1295)
No annual entry for 1877/78 (AH 1294) before it.
3,000 kuruş a month; entries in 1 year
1878 to 1884 (AH 1296 to 1301)
Başmüdür 1878 to 1884 (AH 1296 to 1301); BasmudurV. 1879/80 (AH 1297)
1,500 to 3,000 kuruş a month; entries in 6 years
Death recorded in the annual list of 1896/97 (AH 1314): the word Vefat, not a date of death.
Career and salary#
Log scale: equal steps are equal ratios. The median of the same title is drawn for the years in which at least 5 officials with that title had a salary, and the median of the same province for the years in which at least 5 officials were paid in the province of the official's salary that year.
The numbers of the chart
| Year | Salary | Median, all officials | Median, same title | Median, same province | Paid less |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1859/60 | 500 | 500 | 500 | 49% | |
| 1860/61 | 400 | 500 | 500 | 30% | |
| 1861/62 | 1,000 | 600 | 750 | 61% | |
| 1862/63 | 400 | 500 | 500 | 26% | |
| 1863/64 | 1,200 | 500 | 1,500 | 75% | |
| 1864/65 | 1,500 | 625 | 1,440 | 1,500 | 79% |
| 1865/66 | 1,500 | 650 | 1,320 | 1,470 | 81% |
| 1866/67 | 1,250 | 600 | 1,000 | 475 | 79% |
| 1867/68 | 1,250 | 600 | 1,000 | 500 | 81% |
| 1868/69 | 1,250 | 600 | 1,000 | 600 | 82% |
| 1869/70 | 1,250 | 600 | 1,000 | 400 | 84% |
| 1870/71 | 2,250 | 600 | 1,690 | 755 | 93% |
| 1871/72 | 2,250 | 550 | 1,690 | 760 | 94% |
| 1872/73 | 2,250 | 550 | 750 | 94% | |
| 1873/74 | 2,250 | 500 | 1,845 | 625 | 94% |
| 1874/75 | 1,750 | 535 | 3,000 | 575 | 92% |
| 1875/76 | 1,750 | 530 | 2,500 | 500 | 92% |
| 1876/77 | 2,000 | 582.5 | 1,750 | 750 | 92% |
| 1878 | 3,000 | 600 | 3,000 | 600 | 95% |
| 1878/79 | 3,000 | 600 | 3,000 | 800 | 95% |
| 1879/80 | 1,500 | 500 | 1,500 | 500 | 91% |
| 1880/81 | 2,000 | 500 | 2,400 | 600 | 93% |
| 1881/82 | 2,000 | 500 | 2,400 | 600 | 92% |
| 1882/83 | 2,000 | 500 | 2,400 | 600 | 92% |
| 1883/84 | 2,000 | 500 | 2,400 | 600 | 92% |
| 1884/85 | 2,000 | 500 | 2,400 | 500 | 92% |
| 1885/86 | 2,500 | 500 | 2,500 | 500 | 95% |
| 1886/87 | 2,500 | 500 | 2,500 | 500 | 95% |
| 1887/88 | 2,500 | 500 | 2,500 | 500 | 96% |
| 1888/89 | 2,500 | 500 | 2,250 | 500 | 96% |
| 1889/90 | 2,500 | 500 | 2,000 | 500 | 96% |
| 1890/91 | 2,500 | 500 | 2,250 | 500 | 97% |
| 1891/92 | 2,500 | 500 | 2,400 | 500 | 97% |
| 1892/93 | 2,500 | 500 | 2,400 | 500 | 97% |
| 1893/94 | 2,500 | 500 | 2,500 | 500 | 97% |
| 1894/95 | 2,500 | 500 | 1,700 | 500 | 97% |
| 1895/96 | 2,500 | 500 | 2,250 | 500 | 97% |
Paid less: the share of the other officials with a salary that year who earned less.
Point at a year for its salary, title, place and the median of all officials paid that year. Choose a row of the table to mark its years in the charts and its stop on the map.
| Years | Title | Place | Salary (kuruş a month) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1857/58AH 1274 | First work | Plovdiv (Filibe) | 500first-salary field |
| 1859 to 1861AH 1276 to 1277 | Muhabere Memuru | Plovdiv (Filibe) | 500 to 400 |
| 1861/62AH 1278 | Müdür Vekili | Serres (Siroz) | 1,000 |
| 1862/63AH 1279 | Muhabere Memuru | Plovdiv (Filibe) | 400 |
| 1863 to 1866AH 1280 to 1282 | 1. Müdür | Shkodër (İşkodra) | 1,200 to 1,500 |
| 1866 to 1870AH 1283 to 1286 | 2. Müdür | Kavala | 1,250 |
| 1870 to 1874AH 1287 to 1290 | Müdür | Skopje (Üsküp) | 2,250 |
| 1874 to 1876AH 1291 to 1292 | Müfettiş | Gelibolu | 1,750 |
| 1876/77AH 1293 | Seyyar Mufettis | Erzurum | 2,000 |
| No annual entry: 1877/78 (AH 1294) | |||
| 1878AH 1295 | Başmüdür | Shkodër (İşkodra) | 3,000 |
| 1878/79AH 1296 | Başmüdür | Ioannina (Yanya) | 3,000 |
| 1879/80AH 1297 | BasmudurV. | Ioannina (Yanya) | 1,500 |
| 1880 to 1884AH 1298 to 1301 | Başmüdür | Ioannina (Yanya) | 2,000 |
| 1884 to 1896AH 1302 to 1313 | Müdür | Kosova | 2,000 to 2,500 |
| 1896/97AH 1314 | Death recorded | ||
Record#
Personal
- Born
- 1839/40 (AH 1255)
- Birthplace
- Plovdiv (Filibe)
- Community
- Muslim (Müslüman)
- Nationality as recorded
- Turkish
- Death recorded
- 1896/97 (AH 1314)the year of the annual list with the word Vefat, not a date of death
Education
- Primary
- Sıbyan Mektebi (4 years)school for young children (primary school)
- Unpaid years (mülazemet)
- 2 years
- Preparation route (classification of the paper)
- Low
- Qualification (diploma, certificate, training or nişan)
- NoShown as in the flag of the paper. The qualification column of the recovered extract gives yes.
The years count all schooling up to that school, as the record gives them.
Languages
- Arabic
- asinafamiliarity
- Persian
- asinafamiliarity
- Turkish
- Kitabetwriting
The glosses are cautious historical readings of the recorded words, not modern levels of proficiency.
First work
- Year
- 1857/58 (AH 1274)
- Place
- Plovdiv (Filibe)
- First salary field (kuruş a month)
- 500
Legal records
- Legal record note as worded
- Görevini Kötüye Kullanma / Memuriyetinden bazılarını hidemat-ı zatiyesinden ve bazılarını bi'l-istizan kalemde istihdam eylemesinden dolayı mumaileyh doksan dokuz senesi Cemaziyelahirinin altısında azl ile taht-ı muhakemeye alınarak henüz muhakeme neticesinin alınamadığı. Mumaileyhin lede'l-muhakeme beraet-i zimmeti tebeyyün eylediğine; Görevi Kötüye Kullanma
- Years (AH) with a criminal-record mark in the annual records
- 1299; 1300; 1301; 1302; 1303; 1304; 1305; 1306; 1307; 1308; 1310; 1311; 1312; 1313
Recorded with#
Officials who share a place, a job title, a school, a birthplace or the year of the first annual entry. Ranks compare the highest monthly salary of each official.
Same post (job title and place), same years
Of the 3 officials who held Başmüdür in Ioannina (Yanya) in the same years, Ahmet Cavit Bey had the highest salary.
- Asaf Bey3 shared years; highest salary 3,000 kuruş
- Yusuf Agâh Bey1 shared year; highest salary 3,000 kuruş
Same place, same years
Of the 22 officials with entries in Kosova in the same years, Ahmet Cavit Bey had the highest salary.
- İbrahim Vehbi Efendi12 shared years; highest salary 1,480 kuruş
- Adil Efendi12 shared years; highest salary 400 kuruş
- Cemil Efendi10 shared years; highest salary 900 kuruş
- Bayram Fehmi Efendi7 shared years; highest salary 675 kuruş
- Mehmet Zühtü Efendi6 shared years; highest salary 2,000 kuruş
Same job title, same years
Of the 32 officials with the title Müdür in the same years, Ahmet Cavit Bey had the 10th highest salary.
- Mehmet Hayri Bey12 shared years; highest salary 5,500 kuruş
- Hüseyin Lebib Efendi8 shared years; highest salary 4,000 kuruş
- Mehmed Şefik Efendi8 shared years; highest salary 3,000 kuruş
- Osman Mazhar Bey6 shared years; highest salary 2,550 kuruş
- Mehmed Sami Efendi5 shared years; highest salary 1,600 kuruş
Same school
Of the 746 officials with Sıbyan Mektebi among their schools, 745 have a recorded salary; Ahmet Cavit Bey had the 33rd highest salary of them.
- Abdulhamit Efendiborn 1839/40 (AH 1255); highest salary 2,000 kuruş
- Abdullah Şükrü Efendiborn 1839/40 (AH 1255); highest salary 720 kuruş
- Ahmet Efendiborn 1839/40 (AH 1255); highest salary 500 kuruş
- Ahmet Hamdi Efendiborn 1839/40 (AH 1255); highest salary 1,000 kuruş
- Ahmet Rifat Efendiborn 1839/40 (AH 1255); highest salary 1,500 kuruş
Same birthplace
Of the 43 officials born in Plovdiv (Filibe), 41 have a recorded salary; Ahmet Cavit Bey had the 2nd highest salary of them.
- Abdülhalim Beyborn 1836/37 (AH 1252); highest salary 3,500 kuruş
- Hayreti Efendiborn 1843/44 (AH 1259); highest salary 600 kuruş
- Mehmet Nuri Efendiborn 1844/45 (AH 1260); highest salary 1,000 kuruş
- Asaf Beyborn 1833/34 (AH 1249); highest salary 3,000 kuruş
- Ahmet Ağaborn 1828/29 (AH 1244); highest salary 400 kuruş
The page of Plovdiv (Filibe), with the 43 officials born there
First annual entry in the same year
Of the 21 officials whose first annual entry is for 1859/60 (AH 1276), Ahmet Cavit Bey had the 3rd highest salary.
- Mehmet Sait Efendifirst entry in Izmir (İzmir); highest salary 1,000 kuruş
- Mustafa Efendifirst entry in Thessaloniki (Selanik); highest salary 1,600 kuruş
- Mustafa İsmet Efendifirst entry in Ruse (Rusçuk); highest salary 1,350 kuruş
- Nikola Efendifirst entry in Beyoğlu; highest salary 1,500 kuruş
- Raif Efendifirst entry in Serres (Siroz); highest salary 1,200 kuruş
All 21 officials whose first annual entry is for 1859/60 (AH 1276)
Full record
Annual entries (37)
| Year | Title | Place | Kuruş a month | Institution | Source | Archive reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1859/60AH 1276 | Muhabere Memuru | Plovdiv (Filibe) | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_132; 258 |
| 1860/61AH 1277 | Muhabere Memuru | Plovdiv (Filibe) | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_132; 258 |
| 1861/62AH 1278 | Müdür Vekili | Serres (Siroz) | 1,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_132; 258 |
| 1862/63AH 1279 | Muhabere Memuru | Plovdiv (Filibe) | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_132; 258 |
| 1863/64AH 1280 | 1. Müdür | Shkodër (İşkodra) | 1,200 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_132; 258 |
| 1864/65AH 1281 | 1. Müdür | Shkodër (İşkodra) | 1,500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_132; 258 |
| 1865/66AH 1282 | 1. Müdür | Shkodër (İşkodra) | 1,500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_132; 258 |
| 1866/67AH 1283 | 2. Müdür | Kavala | 1,250 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_132; 258 |
| 1867/68AH 1284 | 2. Müdür | Kavala | 1,250 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_132; 258 |
| 1868/69AH 1285 | 2. Müdür | Kavala | 1,250 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_132; 258 |
| 1869/70AH 1286 | 2. Müdür | Kavala | 1,250 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_132; 258 |
| 1870/71AH 1287 | Müdür | Skopje (Üsküp) | 2,250 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_132; 258 |
| 1871/72AH 1288 | Müdür | Skopje (Üsküp) | 2,250 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_132; 258 |
| 1872/73AH 1289 | Müdür | Skopje (Üsküp) | 2,250 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_132; 258 |
| 1873/74AH 1290 | Müdür | Skopje (Üsküp) | 2,250 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_132; 258 |
| 1874/75AH 1291 | Müfettiş | Gelibolu | 1,750 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_132; 258 |
| 1875/76AH 1292 | Müfettiş | Gelibolu | 1,750 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_132; 258 |
| 1876/77AH 1293 | Seyyar Mufettis | Erzurum | 2,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_132; 258 |
| 1878AH 1295 | Başmüdür | Shkodër (İşkodra) | 3,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_132; 258 |
| 1878/79AH 1296 | Başmüdür | Ioannina (Yanya) | 3,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_132; 258 |
| 1879/80AH 1297 | BasmudurV. | Ioannina (Yanya) | 1,500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_132; 258 |
| 1880/81AH 1298 | Başmüdür | Ioannina (Yanya) | 2,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_132; 258 |
| 1881/82AH 1299 | Başmüdür | Ioannina (Yanya) | 2,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_132; 258 |
| 1882/83AH 1300 | Başmüdür | Ioannina (Yanya) | 2,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_132; 258 |
| 1883/84AH 1301 | Başmüdür | Ioannina (Yanya) | 2,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_132; 258 |
| 1884/85AH 1302 | Müdür | Kosova | 2,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_132; 258 |
| 1885/86AH 1303 | Müdür | Kosova | 2,500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_132; 258 |
| 1886/87AH 1304 | Müdür | Kosova | 2,500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_132; 258 |
| 1887/88AH 1305 | Müdür | Kosova | 2,500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_132; 258 |
| 1888/89AH 1306 | Müdür | Kosova | 2,500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_132; 258 |
| 1889/90AH 1307 | Müdür | Kosova | 2,500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_132; 258 |
| 1890/91AH 1308 | Müdür | Kosova | 2,500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_132; 258 |
| 1891/92AH 1309 | Müdür | Kosova | 2,500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_132; 258 |
| 1892/93AH 1310 | Müdür | Kosova | 2,500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_132; 258 |
| 1893/94AH 1311 | Müdür | Kosova | 2,500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_132; 258 |
| 1894/95AH 1312 | Müdür | Kosova | 2,500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_132; 258 |
| 1895/96AH 1313 | Müdür | Kosova | 2,500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_132; 258 |
What the sources named in this table are
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
Sources and original values (17)
| Field | Recorded value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Identity | ||
| Name | Ahmet Cavit Bey | Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Birth year (AH) | 1255 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Birthplace | filibe | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Province of birth | rumeli sarki | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Religion | musluman | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Nationality or community | Turkish | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Schooling | ||
| School | sibyan mektebi | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Years of schooling | 4 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Years of apprenticeship (mülazemet) | 2 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First work | ||
| First work: year (AH) | 1274 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First work: Gregorian year as stored | 1858 | Recovered annual personnel extract |
| First work: place | filibe | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First salary field (kuruş a month) | 500 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Legal records | ||
| Legal record note as worded | Görevini Kötüye Kullanma / Memuriyetinden bazılarını hidemat-ı zatiyesinden ve bazılarını bi'l-istizan kalemde istihdam eylemesinden dolayı mumaileyh doksan dokuz senesi Cemaziyelahirinin altısında azl ile taht-ı muhakemeye alınarak henüz muhakeme neticesinin alınamadığı. Mumaileyhin lede'l-muhakeme beraet-i zimmeti tebeyyün eylediğine used on this page | Legal notes (earlier workbook copy); Legal notes (later workbook copy) |
| Legal record note as worded | Görevi Kötüye Kullanma other value | Legal notes (earlier workbook copy); Legal notes (later workbook copy) |
| Years (AH) with a criminal-record mark in the annual records | 1299; 1300; 1301; 1302; 1303; 1304; 1305; 1306; 1307; 1308; 1310; 1311; 1312; 1313 | Later annual personnel extract |
| Status | ||
| Death recorded under the year (AH) | 1314 | Earlier annual personnel extract (original copy); Earlier annual personnel extract (parallel copy) |
What the sources named in this table are
- Legal notes (earlier workbook copy)
- A workbook of notes on legal records. The wording is kept as written. It may hold an accusation or an acquittal, it is not the finding of a court, and its year is the year of the record, not the date of an event.
- Legal notes (later workbook copy)
- A later copy of the workbook of notes on legal records. The same wording in both copies is one note, not two.
- Earlier annual personnel extract (original copy)
- A copy of the earlier annual personnel file, read for the title wording of each year. A death taken from it is the status word Vefat in the title field of one annual list: the year is the year of that list, not a date of death.
- Earlier annual personnel extract (parallel copy)
- A second copy of the earlier annual personnel file, read in the same way. A death taken from it is the status word Vefat in the title field of one annual list: the year is the year of that list, not a date of death. Two copies that agree are one piece of evidence, not two.
- Later annual personnel extract
- The detailed annual personnel file of October 2025. It marks single annual entries with a criminal-record flag and holds status words such as Vefat. For a death, the year is the year of the annual list in which the status word stands.
- Earlier annual personnel extract
- The detailed annual personnel file of October 2024. An official found only in this file keeps the years, titles and salaries it gives.
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
- Personnel attributes extract
- The detailed personnel file of September 2025, read for personal details such as birth, schooling and first work.
- The sources give more than one value for a marked field. Every value is listed.
- Origin of the record: Post and Telegraph personnel records.
- 25 annual entries of 37 belong to the saved estimation sample of the paper.
How to read this record: calendar years, years without an annual entry, salaries and sources.
Subjects
- Ahmet Cavit Bey
- Director (Müdür)
- Kosova
- Plovdiv (Filibe)
- School for young children (Sıbyan Mektebi)
- Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)
- Muslim (Müslüman)
- Biography of an Ottoman official (Osmanlı memurunun biyografisi)
- Career and pay (memuriyet ve maaş)
- Ottoman history (Osmanlı tarihi)
- Ottoman bureaucracy (Osmanlı bürokrasisi)
- Ottoman officials (Osmanlı'da memurlar)
- Ottoman personnel registers (Sicill-i Ahvâl defterleri)
- Ottoman registers (Osmanlı defterleri)