Official
Ohannes Holas Efendi
Armenian Christian (Ermeni). Born in Istanbul (Dersaadet) in 1843/44 (AH 1259). On record 1861 to 1888, 28 annual entries. Death recorded 1888/89.
Archive reference 5_346; 689
Life#
Ohannes Holas Efendi was born in Istanbul in 1843/44 (AH 1259) into the Armenian Christian (Ermeni) community; the father was a merchant (tüccar). Schooling took seven years, at the Gortman Mektebi; Ohannes Holas also attended the telegraph school and wrote French as well as Turkish.
Ohannes Holas began work in Istanbul in 1858/59, at about 16, with three unpaid years as a mülazım (apprentice) before a first salary of 2,000 kuruş. The first annual entry, for 1861/62, places Ohannes Holas in Al-Faw (Fav) as an official for foreign communications (Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti). The annual lists then follow Ohannes Holas to Niš (Niş) from 1865 to 1870, then Beyoğlu from 1870 to 1886. The last posts were in Izmir (İzmir) from 1886 to 1888. The farthest post, Al-Faw, lay about 2,100 km from Istanbul, and fewer than 6 per cent of the 5,162 officials with a known birthplace and place of service served as far from the birthplace.
The salary never rose above the first in the lists, 2,000 kuruş a month in 1861/62, as Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti in Al-Faw, when 88 per cent of paid officials earned less. After 28 years the salary stood below the first, 750 kuruş against 2,000; fewer than 7 per cent of the 2,010 officials paid for 15 years or more ended as low. After the last annual entry, for 1887/88, the list of 1888/89 (AH 1306) gives the status word Vefat (death).
Places in order of time#
Each number is a stop: the birthplace, the place of first work, then every place of the annual entries in turn. The year beside an arrow is the first entry at the new place.
Born 1843/44 (AH 1259); First work 1858/59 (AH 1275)
1861 to 1865 (AH 1278 to 1281)
Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti
2,000 kuruş a month; entries in 4 years
1870 to 1886 (AH 1287 to 1303)
Memur 1870/71 (AH 1287); Muhabere Memuru 1871 to 1886 (AH 1288 to 1303)
400 to 1,000 kuruş a month; entries in 17 years
Death recorded in the annual list of 1888/89 (AH 1306): the word Vefat, not a date of death.
Career and salary#
Log scale: equal steps are equal ratios. The median of the same title is drawn for the years in which at least 5 officials with that title had a salary.
The numbers of the chart
| Year | Salary | Median, all officials | Median, same title | Paid less |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1861/62 | 2,000 | 600 | 750 | 88% |
| 1862/63 | 2,000 | 500 | 750 | 89% |
| 1863/64 | 2,000 | 500 | 750 | 88% |
| 1864/65 | 2,000 | 625 | 860 | 87% |
| 1865/66 | 750 | 650 | 330 | 59% |
| 1866/67 | 600 | 600 | 500 | 49% |
| 1867/68 | 600 | 600 | 400 | 48% |
| 1868/69 | 1,000 | 600 | 325 | 70% |
| 1869/70 | 1,000 | 600 | 408 | 71% |
| 1870/71 | 400 | 600 | 300 | 20% |
| 1871/72 | 600 | 550 | 400 | 56% |
| 1872/73 | 600 | 550 | 400 | 55% |
| 1873/74 | 600 | 500 | 400 | 55% |
| 1874/75 | 600 | 535 | 450 | 55% |
| 1875/76 | 600 | 530 | 400 | 54% |
| 1876/77 | 700 | 582.5 | 410 | 62% |
| 1877/78 | 700 | 560 | 410 | 63% |
| 1878 | 800 | 600 | 500 | 65% |
| 1878/79 | 1,000 | 600 | 420 | 77% |
| 1879/80 | 950 | 500 | 380 | 83% |
| 1880/81 | 950 | 500 | 400 | 83% |
| 1881/82 | 950 | 500 | 400 | 83% |
| 1882/83 | 950 | 500 | 400 | 81% |
| 1883/84 | 950 | 500 | 400 | 81% |
| 1884/85 | 950 | 500 | 400 | 82% |
| 1885/86 | 950 | 500 | 400 | 83% |
| 1886/87 | 750 | 500 | 540 | 73% |
| 1887/88 | 750 | 500 | 570 | 73% |
Paid less: the share of the other officials with a salary that year who earned less.
Point at a year for its salary, title, place and the median of all officials paid that year. Choose a row of the table to mark its years in the charts and its stop on the map.
| Years | Title | Place | Salary (kuruş a month) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1858/59AH 1275 | First work | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 2,000first-salary field |
| 1861 to 1865AH 1278 to 1281 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Al-Faw (Fav) | 2,000 |
| 1865 to 1870AH 1282 to 1286 | Memur | Niš (Niş) | 750 to 1,000 |
| 1870/71AH 1287 | Memur | Beyoğlu | 400 |
| 1871 to 1886AH 1288 to 1303 | Muhabere Memuru | Beyoğlu | 600 to 950 |
| 1886 to 1888AH 1304 to 1305 | Merkez Memuru | Izmir (İzmir) | 750 |
| 1888/89AH 1306 | Death recorded | ||
Record#
Personal
- Born
- 1843/44 (AH 1259)
- Birthplace
- Istanbul (Dersaadet)
- Community
- Armenian Christian (Ermeni)
- Nationality as recorded
- Ermeni
- Father's occupation
- Tuccar
- Death recorded
- 1888/89 (AH 1306)the year of the annual list with the word Vefat, not a date of death
Education
- Other named school
- Gortman Mektebi (7 years)
- Higher or professional
- Telgraf Mektebitelegraph school; recorded as a code
- Unpaid years (mülazemet)
- 3 years
- Preparation route (classification of the paper)
- Low
- Qualification (diploma, certificate, training or nişan)
- No
The years count all schooling up to that school, as the record gives them.
Languages
- French
- Kitabetwriting
- Turkish
- Tekellum; Kitabetspeaking; writing
The glosses are cautious historical readings of the recorded words, not modern levels of proficiency.
First work
- Year
- 1858/59 (AH 1275)
- Place
- Istanbul (Dersaadet)
- First salary field (kuruş a month)
- 2000
Recorded with#
Officials who share a place, a job title, a school, a birthplace or the year of the first annual entry. Ranks compare the highest monthly salary of each official.
Same place, same years
Of the 162 officials with entries in Beyoğlu in the same years, Ohannes Holas Efendi had the 34th highest salary.
- Mustafa Habip Efendi17 shared years; highest salary 15,000 kuruş
- Paskal Mıgırdıç Kazancıyan Efendi17 shared years; highest salary 2,905 kuruş
- Melkon Berhadar Efendi17 shared years; highest salary 1,500 kuruş
- Apostolaki Cizli Efendi17 shared years; highest salary 1,440 kuruş
- Taşçıyan Markar Efendi17 shared years; highest salary 1,300 kuruş
Same job title, same years
Of the 1,005 officials with the title Muhabere Memuru in the same years, Ohannes Holas Efendi had the 32nd highest salary.
- Süleyman Reşid Efendi16 shared years; highest salary 2,500 kuruş
- Unnamed official (26_188; 371)16 shared years; highest salary 2,500 kuruş
- Mehmet Pertev Bey16 shared years; highest salary 1,500 kuruş
- Tahir Efendi16 shared years; highest salary 1,500 kuruş
- Nikola Yunani Efendi16 shared years; highest salary 1,350 kuruş
Same birthplace
Of the 1,999 officials born in Istanbul, 1,997 have a recorded salary; Ohannes Holas Efendi had the 139th highest salary of them.
- Abdülaziz Efendiborn 1843/44 (AH 1259); highest salary 600 kuruş
- Ahmet Nuri Beyborn 1843/44 (AH 1259); highest salary 2,500 kuruş
- Anastasyadi Hristo Efendiborn 1843/44 (AH 1259); highest salary 710 kuruş
- Bahattin Efendiborn 1843/44 (AH 1259); highest salary 1,300 kuruş
- Cemal Efendiborn 1843/44 (AH 1259); highest salary 840 kuruş
First annual entry in the same year
Of the 18 officials whose first annual entry is for 1861/62 (AH 1278), Ohannes Holas Efendi had the 8th highest salary.
- Cemal Efendifirst entry in Istanbul; highest salary 840 kuruş
- İsmail Hakkı Efendifirst entry in Tulcea (Tulça); highest salary 3,000 kuruş
- Mikail Efendifirst entry in Istanbul; highest salary 2,100 kuruş
- Mehmet Tevfik Efendifirst entry in Gelibolu; highest salary 1,200 kuruş
- Mustafa Bahri Efendifirst entry in Tripoli (Trablusşam); highest salary 1,750 kuruş
Full record
Annual entries (28)
| Year | Title | Place | Kuruş a month | Institution | Source | Archive reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1861/62AH 1278 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Al-Faw (Fav) | 2,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_346; 689 |
| 1862/63AH 1279 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Al-Faw (Fav) | 2,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_346; 689 |
| 1863/64AH 1280 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Al-Faw (Fav) | 2,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_346; 689 |
| 1864/65AH 1281 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Al-Faw (Fav) | 2,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_346; 689 |
| 1865/66AH 1282 | Memur | Niš (Niş) | 750 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_346; 689 |
| 1866/67AH 1283 | Memur | Niš (Niş) | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_346; 689 |
| 1867/68AH 1284 | Memur | Niš (Niş) | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_346; 689 |
| 1868/69AH 1285 | Memur | Niš (Niş) | 1,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_346; 689 |
| 1869/70AH 1286 | Memur | Niš (Niş) | 1,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_346; 689 |
| 1870/71AH 1287 | Memur | Beyoğlu | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_346; 689 |
| 1871/72AH 1288 | Muhabere Memuru | Beyoğlu | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_346; 689 |
| 1872/73AH 1289 | Muhabere Memuru | Beyoğlu | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_346; 689 |
| 1873/74AH 1290 | Muhabere Memuru | Beyoğlu | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_346; 689 |
| 1874/75AH 1291 | Muhabere Memuru | Beyoğlu | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_346; 689 |
| 1875/76AH 1292 | Muhabere Memuru | Beyoğlu | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_346; 689 |
| 1876/77AH 1293 | Muhabere Memuru | Beyoğlu | 700 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_346; 689 |
| 1877/78AH 1294 | Muhabere Memuru | Beyoğlu | 700 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_346; 689 |
| 1878AH 1295 | Muhabere Memuru | Beyoğlu | 800 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_346; 689 |
| 1878/79AH 1296 | Muhabere Memuru | Beyoğlu | 1,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_346; 689 |
| 1879/80AH 1297 | Muhabere Memuru | Beyoğlu | 950 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_346; 689 |
| 1880/81AH 1298 | Muhabere Memuru | Beyoğlu | 950 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_346; 689 |
| 1881/82AH 1299 | Muhabere Memuru | Beyoğlu | 950 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_346; 689 |
| 1882/83AH 1300 | Muhabere Memuru | Beyoğlu | 950 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_346; 689 |
| 1883/84AH 1301 | Muhabere Memuru | Beyoğlu | 950 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_346; 689 |
| 1884/85AH 1302 | Muhabere Memuru | Beyoğlu | 950 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_346; 689 |
| 1885/86AH 1303 | Muhabere Memuru | Beyoğlu | 950 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_346; 689 |
| 1886/87AH 1304 | Merkez Memuru | Izmir (İzmir) | 750 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_346; 689 |
| 1887/88AH 1305 | Merkez Memuru | Izmir (İzmir) | 750 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_346; 689 |
What the sources named in this table are
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
Sources and original values (16)
| Field | Recorded value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Identity | ||
| Name | Ohannes Holas Efendi | Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Birth year (AH) | 1259 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Birthplace | dersaadet | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Province of birth | dersaadet | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Father's occupation | Tuccar | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Religion | Hristiyan | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Nationality or community | Ermeni | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Schooling | ||
| School | Gortman Mektebi | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Years of schooling | 7 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Telegraph school (recorded code) | 1 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Years of apprenticeship (mülazemet) | 3 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First work | ||
| First work: year (AH) | 1275 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First work: Gregorian year as stored | 1859 | Recovered annual personnel extract |
| First work: place | istanbul | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First salary field (kuruş a month) | 2000 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Status | ||
| Death recorded under the year (AH) | 1306 | Earlier annual personnel extract (original copy); Earlier annual personnel extract (parallel copy) |
What the sources named in this table are
- Earlier annual personnel extract (original copy)
- A copy of the earlier annual personnel file, read for the title wording of each year. A death taken from it is the status word Vefat in the title field of one annual list: the year is the year of that list, not a date of death.
- Earlier annual personnel extract (parallel copy)
- A second copy of the earlier annual personnel file, read in the same way. A death taken from it is the status word Vefat in the title field of one annual list: the year is the year of that list, not a date of death. Two copies that agree are one piece of evidence, not two.
- Earlier annual personnel extract
- The detailed annual personnel file of October 2024. An official found only in this file keeps the years, titles and salaries it gives.
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
- Personnel attributes extract
- The detailed personnel file of September 2025, read for personal details such as birth, schooling and first work.
- Origin of the record: Post and Telegraph personnel records.
- 19 annual entries of 28 belong to the saved estimation sample of the paper.
How to read this record: calendar years, years without an annual entry, salaries and sources.
Subjects
- Ohannes Holas Efendi
- Communications official (Muhabere Memuru)
- Beyoğlu
- Istanbul (Dersaadet)
- Gortman Mektebi
- Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)
- Armenian Christian (Ermeni)
- Biography of an Ottoman official (Osmanlı memurunun biyografisi)
- Career and pay (memuriyet ve maaş)
- Ottoman history (Osmanlı tarihi)
- Ottoman bureaucracy (Osmanlı bürokrasisi)
- Ottoman officials (Osmanlı'da memurlar)
- Ottoman personnel registers (Sicill-i Ahvâl defterleri)
- Ottoman registers (Osmanlı defterleri)