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Ottoman BureaucracyPeople, places and careers in Ottoman public service

Official

Eşref Bahtiyar Efendi

Muslim (Müslüman). Born in Tirana (Tiran) in 1847/48 (AH 1264). On record 1867 to 1889, 21 annual entries.

Life

Eşref Bahtiyar Efendi was born in Tirana (Tiran) in 1847/48 (AH 1264). The record gives the community as Muslim (Müslüman) and the nationality as Turkish.

Schooling recorded: Rüşdiye Mektebi, with 7 years of schooling recorded, at a place worded Manastir. The record marks no qualification (diploma, certificate, training or decoration). Languages recorded, with the skill words of the record: Albanian, with Tekellum; Turkish, with Kitabet.

First work is recorded in Elbasan (İlbasan) in 1865/66 (AH 1282): Telgraf. The official was then about 17 years old. The record gives 2 years of unpaid apprenticeship (mülazemet) before the first salary. The first-salary field gives 400 kuruş a month. At the first annual entry, in 1867/68, the official was about 19 years old.

The first annual entry, for 1867/68, shows Muhabere Memuru in Shkodër (İşkodra), with 400 kuruş a month. In 1868/69 the record shows Başmuhabere Memuru in Shkodër, the salary going from 400 to 600 kuruş a month (before: Muhabere Memuru in Shkodër). In 1878 the record shows 2. Müdür in Vlorë (Avlonya), the salary going from 600 to 800 kuruş a month (before: Başmuhabere Memuru in Shkodër). In 1879/80 the record shows Aşar Memuru in Servia (Serfiçe), the salary going from 800 to 450 kuruş a month (before: 2. Müdür in Vlorë). In 1880/81 the record shows Aşar Memuru in Elbasan, the salary going from 450 to 480 kuruş a month (before: Aşar Memuru in Servia). In 1881/82 the record shows Tahrirat Kalemi in Shijak (Şiyak), with 480 kuruş a month (before: Aşar Memuru in Elbasan). In 1884/85 the record shows Tahrirat Kalemi in Shkodër, the salary going from 480 to 400 kuruş a month (before: Tahrirat Kalemi in Shijak). In 1886/87 the record shows Aşar Memuru in Shijak, the salary going from 400 to 600 kuruş a month (before: Tahrirat Kalemi in Shkodër). In 1887/88 the record shows Mal Muduru in Shijak, the salary going from 600 to 500 kuruş a month (before: Aşar Memuru in Shijak). No annual entry is recorded for 1878/79 and 1885/86.

The highest salary, 800 kuruş a month, is first recorded in 1878 as 2. Müdür. 65 per cent of the other officials with a recorded salary that year earned less. The median salary of all officials that year was 600 kuruş. Over 21 years with a salary the median is 500 kuruş a month, with 5 rises and 4 cuts. The largest rise, 200 kuruş, is seen in 1868/69. From the first salary to the last the salary grew by 1.02 per cent a year on average. The last salary is recorded in 1888/89, when 41 per cent of the other officials with a recorded salary that year earned less.

Record

Personal

Born
1847/48 (AH 1264)
Birthplace
Tirana (Tiran)
Community
Muslim (Müslüman)
Nationality as recorded
Turkish

Education

Rüşdiye
Rüşdiye Mektebi (7 years)rüşdiye school (middle school); place of the school as worded: Manastir
Unpaid years (mülazemet)
2 years
Preparation route (classification of the paper)
Low
Qualification (diploma, certificate, training or nişan)
No

The years count all schooling up to that school, as the record gives them.

Languages

Albanian
Tekellumspeaking
Turkish
Kitabetwriting

The glosses are cautious historical readings of the recorded words, not modern levels of proficiency.

First work

Year
1865/66 (AH 1282)
First job as worded
Telgraf
Age at first work (workbook field)
18
First salary field (kuruş a month)
400
First-job salary of the original workbook (kuruş a month)
400

Legal records

Judicial record (recorded code)
1
Legal record note as worded
Edepsizlik / su-i hâlinden dolayı azledilerek; Memuriyete Uymayan Hal ve Hareketler
Years (AH) with a criminal-record mark in the annual records
1299; 1300; 1301; 1302

Career

Career of Eşref Bahtiyar Efendi, one row per stage
YearsTitlePlaceSalary (kuruş a month)
1865/66AH 1282Telgraffirst workElbasan (İlbasan)400first-salary field
1867/68AH 1284Muhabere MemuruShkodër (İşkodra)400
1868 to 1878AH 1285 to 1294Başmuhabere Memuru
10 entries
YearSalary
1868/69600
1869/70600
1870/71600
1871/72500
1872/73500
1873/74500
1874/75500
1875/76500
1876/77600
1877/78600
Shkodër (İşkodra)600
1878AH 12952. MüdürVlorë (Avlonya)800
No annual entry: 1878/79 (AH 1296)
1879/80AH 1297Aşar Memuru
Finance (Maliye)
Servia (Serfiçe)450
1880/81AH 1298Aşar Memuru
Finance (Maliye)
Elbasan (İlbasan)480
1881 to 1884AH 1299 to 1301Tahrirat Kalemi
3 entries
YearSalary
1881/82480
1882/83480
1883/84480
Shijak (Şiyak)480
1884/85AH 1302Tahrirat KalemiShkodër (İşkodra)400
No annual entry: 1885/86 (AH 1303)
1886/87AH 1304Aşar Memuru
Finance (Maliye)
Shijak (Şiyak)600
1887 to 1889AH 1305 to 1306Mal Muduru
Finance (Maliye)
2 entries
YearSalary
1887/88500
1888/89500
Shijak (Şiyak)500
Monthly salary, kuruş
no entryno entry02004006008001868/69AH 12851873/74AH 12901878AH 12951882/83AH 13001887/88AH 1305800 kuruşEntry of another institution
Salary against the medians of the same year
2005001,0001868/69AH 12851873/74AH 12901878AH 12951882/83AH 13001887/88AH 1305This officialMedian, all officialsMedian, same title

Log scale: equal steps are equal ratios. The median of the same title is drawn for the years in which at least 5 officials with that title had a salary.

The numbers of the chart
Salary of Eşref Bahtiyar Efendi against the medians of the same year, kuruş a month
YearSalaryMedian, all officialsMedian, same titlePaid less
1867/6840060048017%
1868/6960060066047%
1869/7060060060048%
1870/7160060060049%
1871/7250055060045%
1872/7350055057044%
1873/7450050057044%
1874/7550053557041%
1875/7650053057041%
1876/77600582.560050%
1877/7860056060050%
187880060080065%
1879/8045050050041%
1880/8148050063546%
1881/8248050048045%
1882/8348050050042%
1883/8448050058043%
1884/8540050060027%
1886/8760050059%
1887/8850050041%
1888/8950050041%

Paid less: the share of the other officials with a salary that year who earned less.

Placesbornfirst workannual entries
TiranaShijakElbasanShkodërVlorëServia

Choose a row to mark its years in the charts and its place on the map.

Recorded with

Recorded in the same place in the same years

25 officials in all. Officials recorded in Shkodër (İşkodra)

Same school recorded

3,199 officials in all. Officials with Rüşdiye Mektebi recorded

Same birthplace

6 officials in all. Officials born in Tirana (Tiran)

Full record

Annual entries (21)

Annual entries of Eşref Bahtiyar Efendi
YearTitlePlaceKuruş a monthInstitutionSourceArchive reference
1867/68AH 1284Muhabere MemuruShkodër (İşkodra)400Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract94_119; 235
1868/69AH 1285Başmuhabere MemuruShkodër (İşkodra)600Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract94_119; 235
1869/70AH 1286Başmuhabere MemuruShkodër (İşkodra)600Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract94_119; 235
1870/71AH 1287Başmuhabere MemuruShkodër (İşkodra)600Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract94_119; 235
1871/72AH 1288Başmuhabere MemuruShkodër (İşkodra)500Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract94_119; 235
1872/73AH 1289Başmuhabere MemuruShkodër (İşkodra)500Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract94_119; 235
1873/74AH 1290Başmuhabere MemuruShkodër (İşkodra)500Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract94_119; 235
1874/75AH 1291Başmuhabere MemuruShkodër (İşkodra)500Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract94_119; 235
1875/76AH 1292Başmuhabere MemuruShkodër (İşkodra)500Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract94_119; 235
1876/77AH 1293Başmuhabere MemuruShkodër (İşkodra)600Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract94_119; 235
1877/78AH 1294Başmuhabere MemuruShkodër (İşkodra)600Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract94_119; 235
1878AH 12952. MüdürVlorë (Avlonya)800Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract94_119; 235
1879/80AH 1297Aşar MemuruServia (Serfiçe)450Finance (Maliye)Cross-ministry personnel workbook94_119; 235
1880/81AH 1298Aşar MemuruElbasan (İlbasan)480Finance (Maliye)Cross-ministry personnel workbook94_119; 235
1881/82AH 1299Tahrirat KalemiShijak (Şiyak)480Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract94_119; 235
1882/83AH 1300Tahrirat KalemiShijak (Şiyak)480Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract94_119; 235
1883/84AH 1301Tahrirat KalemiShijak (Şiyak)480Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract94_119; 235
1884/85AH 1302Tahrirat KalemiShkodër (İşkodra)400Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract94_119; 235
1886/87AH 1304Aşar MemuruShijak (Şiyak)600Finance (Maliye)Cross-ministry personnel workbook94_119; 235
1887/88AH 1305Mal MuduruShijak (Şiyak)500Finance (Maliye)Cross-ministry personnel workbook94_119; 235
1888/89AH 1306Mal MuduruShijak (Şiyak)500Finance (Maliye)Cross-ministry personnel workbook94_119; 235
What the sources named in this table are
Cross-ministry personnel workbook
A personnel workbook with the annual entries in institutions other than the Post and Telegraph (justice, land registry, customs, police and others), with the same annual fields as the personnel workbook.
Recovered annual personnel extract
The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.

Sources and original values (27)

Recorded values of Eşref Bahtiyar Efendi with their sources
FieldRecorded valueSource
Identity
NameEşref Bahtiyar EfendiPersonnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Linked personnel workbook
Birth year (AH)1264Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
BirthplacetiranRecovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
Birthplace: district (kaza)TiranCross-ministry personnel workbook
Birthplace: sancakDracCross-ministry personnel workbook
Birthplace: province (vilayet)iskodraCross-ministry personnel workbook
Province of birthiskodraRecovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract
ReligionMuslumanRecovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
Nationality or communityTurkishRecovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
Schooling
SchoolRusdiye MektebiRecovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
Place of the schoolManastirCross-ministry personnel workbook
Years of schooling7Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
Years of apprenticeship (mülazemet)2Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
First work
First work: year (AH)1282Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Linked personnel workbook
First work: Gregorian year as stored1865Recovered annual personnel extract
First work: placeilbasanRecovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
First work: district (kaza)ilbasanCross-ministry personnel workbook
First work: sancakilbasanCross-ministry personnel workbook
First work: province (vilayet)ManastirCross-ministry personnel workbook
First job as wordedTelgrafLinked personnel workbook; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
Age at first work (workbook field)18Cross-ministry personnel workbook
First salary field (kuruş a month)400Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract
First-job salary of the original workbook (kuruş a month)400Linked personnel workbook; Cross-ministry personnel workbook
Legal records
Judicial record (recorded code)1Cross-ministry personnel workbook
Legal record note as wordedEdepsizlik / su-i hâlinden dolayı azledilerek used on this pageLegal notes (earlier workbook copy); Legal notes (later workbook copy)
Legal record note as wordedMemuriyete Uymayan Hal ve Hareketler other valueLegal notes (earlier workbook copy); Legal notes (later workbook copy)
Years (AH) with a criminal-record mark in the annual records1299; 1300; 1301; 1302Later annual personnel extract
What the sources named in this table are
Legal notes (earlier workbook copy)
A workbook of notes on legal records. The wording is kept as written. It may hold an accusation or an acquittal, it is not the finding of a court, and its year is the year of the record, not the date of an event.
Legal notes (later workbook copy)
A later copy of the workbook of notes on legal records. The same wording in both copies is one note, not two.
Cross-ministry personnel workbook
A personnel workbook with the annual entries in institutions other than the Post and Telegraph (justice, land registry, customs, police and others), with the same annual fields as the personnel workbook.
Later annual personnel extract
The detailed annual personnel file of October 2025. It marks single annual entries with a criminal-record flag and holds status words such as Vefat. For a death, the year is the year of the annual list in which the status word stands.
Earlier annual personnel extract
The detailed annual personnel file of October 2024. An official found only in this file keeps the years, titles and salaries it gives.
Recovered annual personnel extract
The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
Personnel attributes extract
The detailed personnel file of September 2025, read for personal details such as birth, schooling and first work.
Linked personnel workbook
The original personnel workbook, from which selected fields on background and first work are taken.
  • The sources give more than one value for a marked field. Every value is listed.
  • Origin of the record: Post and Telegraph personnel records.
  • 13 annual entries of 21 belong to the saved estimation sample of the paper.

How to read this record: calendar years, years without an annual entry, salaries and sources.