Official
Mahmut Efendi
Muslim (Müslüman). Born in Sidon (Sayda) in 1854/55 (AH 1271). On record 1876 to 1901, 26 annual entries. Death recorded 1901/02.
Archive reference 97_23; 45
Life#
Born in Sidon (Sayda) in 1854/55 (AH 1271), Mahmut Efendi came from the Muslim (Müslüman) community. Schooling took seven years, at a middle school (Rüşdiye Mektebi); Mahmut also held a qualification (a diploma, certificate, training or decoration).
At about 20, in 1875/76, Mahmut began work in Beirut (Beyrut), with one unpaid year as a mülazım (apprentice) before a first salary of 300 kuruş. The first annual entry, for 1876/77, places Mahmut in Tyre (Sur) as a communications official (Muhabere Memuru), where the entries run to 1879/80. Next came Acre in 1880/81, then As-Suwayda (Süveyda) from 1881 to 1892. The last posts were in Jenin (Cenin) from 1892 to 1901. Of the 1,586 officials whose entries span 20 years or more, fewer than 10 per cent kept one title throughout.
The salary went from 300 kuruş a month in 1876/77 to 500 in 1881/82, the peak, as Muhabere Memuru in As-Suwayda, when 46 per cent of paid officials earned less. In all, 26 years of salary come to 130,860 kuruş, 81 per cent of what an official on the median salary earned in those years. After the last annual entry, for 1900/01, the list of 1901/02 (AH 1319) gives the status word Vefat (death).
Places in order of time#
Each number is a stop: the birthplace, the place of first work, then every place of the annual entries in turn. The year beside an arrow is the first entry at the new place.
Born 1854/55 (AH 1271)
First work 1875/76 (AH 1292)
1881 to 1892 (AH 1299 to 1309)
500 kuruş a month; entries in 11 years
Death recorded in the annual list of 1901/02 (AH 1319): the word Vefat, not a date of death.
Career and salary#
Log scale: equal steps are equal ratios. The median of the same title is drawn for the years in which at least 5 officials with that title had a salary.
The numbers of the chart
| Year | Salary | Median, all officials | Median, same title | Paid less |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1876/77 | 300 | 582.5 | 410 | 9% |
| 1877/78 | 300 | 560 | 410 | 8% |
| 1878 | 300 | 600 | 500 | 8% |
| 1878/79 | 300 | 600 | 420 | 9% |
| 1879/80 | 285 | 500 | 380 | 11% |
| 1880/81 | 320 | 500 | 400 | 18% |
| 1881/82 | 500 | 500 | 400 | 46% |
| 1882/83 | 500 | 500 | 400 | 43% |
| 1883/84 | 500 | 500 | 400 | 43% |
| 1884/85 | 500 | 500 | 400 | 42% |
| 1885/86 | 500 | 500 | 400 | 42% |
| 1886/87 | 500 | 500 | 400 | 42% |
| 1887/88 | 500 | 500 | 400 | 41% |
| 1888/89 | 500 | 500 | 400 | 41% |
| 1889/90 | 500 | 500 | 400 | 42% |
| 1890/91 | 500 | 500 | 400 | 43% |
| 1891/92 | 500 | 500 | 400 | 43% |
| 1892/93 | 400 | 500 | 400 | 29% |
| 1893/94 | 400 | 500 | 400 | 30% |
| 1894/95 | 400 | 500 | 400 | 30% |
| 1895/96 | 400 | 500 | 400 | 30% |
| 1896/97 | 400 | 500 | 400 | 32% |
| 1897/98 | 400 | 500 | 400 | 32% |
| 1898/99 | 400 | 500 | 400 | 31% |
| 1899/1900 | 400 | 500 | 400 | 31% |
| 1900/01 | 400 | 500 | 400 | 31% |
Paid less: the share of the other officials with a salary that year who earned less.
Point at a year for its salary, title, place and the median of all officials paid that year. Choose a row of the table to mark its years in the charts and its stop on the map.
| Years | Title | Place | Salary (kuruş a month) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1875/76AH 1292 | First work | Beirut (Beyrut) | 300first-salary field |
| 1876 to 1880AH 1293 to 1297 | Muhabere Memuru | Tyre (Sur) | 300 to 285 |
| 1880/81AH 1298 | Muhabere Memuru | Acre (Akka) | 320 |
| 1881 to 1892AH 1299 to 1309 | Muhabere Memuru | As-Suwayda (Süveyda) | 500 |
| 1892 to 1901AH 1310 to 1318 | Muhabere Memuru | Jenin (Cenin) | 400 |
| 1901/02AH 1319 | Death recorded | ||
Record#
Personal
- Born
- 1854/55 (AH 1271)
- Birthplace
- Sidon (Sayda)
- Community
- Muslim (Müslüman)
- Nationality as recorded
- Turkish
- Death recorded
- 1901/02 (AH 1319)the year of the annual list with the word Vefat, not a date of death
Education
- Rüşdiye
- Rüşdiye Mektebi (7 years)rüşdiye school (middle school)
- Unpaid years (mülazemet)
- 1 year
- Preparation route (classification of the paper)
- Middle
- Qualification (diploma, certificate, training or nişan)
- Yes
The years count all schooling up to that school, as the record gives them.
Languages
- Turkish
- Kitabetwriting
The glosses are cautious historical readings of the recorded words, not modern levels of proficiency.
First work
- Year
- 1875/76 (AH 1292)
- Place
- Beirut (Beyrut)
- First salary field (kuruş a month)
- 300
Recorded with#
Officials who share a place, a job title, a school, a birthplace or the year of the first annual entry. Ranks compare the highest monthly salary of each official.
Same place, same years
Of the 4 officials with entries in As-Suwayda (Süveyda) in the same years, Mahmut Efendi had the 3rd highest salary.
- Aziz Mahmut Efendi3 shared years; highest salary 600 kuruş
- İbrahim Rahmi Efendi1 shared year; highest salary 670 kuruş
- Abdüllatif Lütfü Efendi1 shared year; highest salary 500 kuruş
Same job title, same years
Of the 2,098 officials with the title Muhabere Memuru in the same years, Mahmut Efendi had the 1,219th highest salary.
- Nikola Yunani Efendi26 shared years; highest salary 1,350 kuruş
- Mehmet Nazım Efendi26 shared years; highest salary 1,300 kuruş
- Şarl Laze Efendi26 shared years; highest salary 1,250 kuruş
- Mustafa Nuri Efendi26 shared years; highest salary 900 kuruş
- Cemal Efendi26 shared years; highest salary 840 kuruş
Same school
Of the 3,206 officials with Rüşdiye Mektebi among their schools, 3,200 have a recorded salary; Mahmut Efendi had the 1,253rd highest salary of them.
- Ahmet Hamdi Efendiborn 1854/55 (AH 1271); highest salary 600 kuruş
- Ahmet Muhittin Beyborn 1854/55 (AH 1271); highest salary 8,000 kuruş
- Ahmet Refik Beyborn 1854/55 (AH 1271); highest salary 1,100 kuruş
- Ali Saib Efendiborn 1854/55 (AH 1271); highest salary 600 kuruş
- Ali Şefik Efendiborn 1854/55 (AH 1271); highest salary 640 kuruş
Same birthplace
Of the 20 officials born in Sidon (Sayda), Mahmut Efendi had the 10th highest salary.
- Ahmed Efendiborn 1854/55 (AH 1271); highest salary 500 kuruş
- İbrahim Hilmi Efendiborn 1855/56 (AH 1272); highest salary 380 kuruş
- Resit Efendiborn 1851/52 (AH 1268); highest salary 700 kuruş
- Muhittin Sırrı Beyborn 1857/58 (AH 1274); highest salary 675 kuruş
- Habib Efendiborn 1850/51 (AH 1267); highest salary 600 kuruş
First annual entry in the same year
Of the 120 officials whose first annual entry is for 1876/77 (AH 1293), Mahmut Efendi had the 78th highest salary.
- Ahmed Efendifirst entry in Muzayrib (Müzeyrib); highest salary 500 kuruş
- Ali Saib Efendifirst entry in Cizre; highest salary 600 kuruş
- Apostol Efendifirst entry in Tarabya; highest salary 300 kuruş
- Mehmet Faik Efendifirst entry in Bolu; highest salary 500 kuruş
- Mehmet Kemal Efendifirst entry in Gümüşhane; highest salary 450 kuruş
Full record
Annual entries (26)
| Year | Title | Place | Kuruş a month | Institution | Source | Archive reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1876/77AH 1293 | Muhabere Memuru | Tyre (Sur) | 300 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 97_23; 45 |
| 1877/78AH 1294 | Muhabere Memuru | Tyre (Sur) | 300 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 97_23; 45 |
| 1878AH 1295 | Muhabere Memuru | Tyre (Sur) | 300 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 97_23; 45 |
| 1878/79AH 1296 | Muhabere Memuru | Tyre (Sur) | 300 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 97_23; 45 |
| 1879/80AH 1297 | Muhabere Memuru | Tyre (Sur) | 285 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 97_23; 45 |
| 1880/81AH 1298 | Muhabere Memuru | Acre (Akka) | 320 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 97_23; 45 |
| 1881/82AH 1299 | Muhabere Memuru | As-Suwayda (Süveyda) | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 97_23; 45 |
| 1882/83AH 1300 | Muhabere Memuru | As-Suwayda (Süveyda) | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 97_23; 45 |
| 1883/84AH 1301 | Muhabere Memuru | As-Suwayda (Süveyda) | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 97_23; 45 |
| 1884/85AH 1302 | Muhabere Memuru | As-Suwayda (Süveyda) | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 97_23; 45 |
| 1885/86AH 1303 | Muhabere Memuru | As-Suwayda (Süveyda) | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 97_23; 45 |
| 1886/87AH 1304 | Muhabere Memuru | As-Suwayda (Süveyda) | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 97_23; 45 |
| 1887/88AH 1305 | Muhabere Memuru | As-Suwayda (Süveyda) | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 97_23; 45 |
| 1888/89AH 1306 | Muhabere Memuru | As-Suwayda (Süveyda) | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 97_23; 45 |
| 1889/90AH 1307 | Muhabere Memuru | As-Suwayda (Süveyda) | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 97_23; 45 |
| 1890/91AH 1308 | Muhabere Memuru | As-Suwayda (Süveyda) | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 97_23; 45 |
| 1891/92AH 1309 | Muhabere Memuru | As-Suwayda (Süveyda) | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 97_23; 45 |
| 1892/93AH 1310 | Muhabere Memuru | Jenin (Cenin) | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 97_23; 45 |
| 1893/94AH 1311 | Muhabere Memuru | Jenin (Cenin) | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 97_23; 45 |
| 1894/95AH 1312 | Muhabere Memuru | Jenin (Cenin) | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 97_23; 45 |
| 1895/96AH 1313 | Muhabere Memuru | Jenin (Cenin) | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 97_23; 45 |
| 1896/97AH 1314 | Muhabere Memuru | Jenin (Cenin) | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 97_23; 45 |
| 1897/98AH 1315 | Muhabere Memuru | Jenin (Cenin) | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 97_23; 45 |
| 1898/99AH 1316 | Muhabere Memuru | Jenin (Cenin) | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 97_23; 45 |
| 1899/1900AH 1317 | Muhabere Memuru | Jenin (Cenin) | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 97_23; 45 |
| 1900/01AH 1318 | Muhabere Memuru | Jenin (Cenin) | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 97_23; 45 |
What the sources named in this table are
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
Sources and original values (14)
| Field | Recorded value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Identity | ||
| Name | Mahmut Efendi | Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Birth year (AH) | 1271 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Birthplace | sayda | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Province of birth | beyrut | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Religion | Musluman | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Nationality or community | Turkish | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Schooling | ||
| School | Rusdiye Mektebi | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Years of schooling | 7 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Years of apprenticeship (mülazemet) | 1 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First work | ||
| First work: year (AH) | 1292 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First work: Gregorian year as stored | 1875 | Recovered annual personnel extract |
| First work: place | beyrut | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First salary field (kuruş a month) | 300 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Status | ||
| Death recorded under the year (AH) | 1319 | Earlier annual personnel extract (original copy); Earlier annual personnel extract (parallel copy) |
What the sources named in this table are
- Earlier annual personnel extract (original copy)
- A copy of the earlier annual personnel file, read for the title wording of each year. A death taken from it is the status word Vefat in the title field of one annual list: the year is the year of that list, not a date of death.
- Earlier annual personnel extract (parallel copy)
- A second copy of the earlier annual personnel file, read in the same way. A death taken from it is the status word Vefat in the title field of one annual list: the year is the year of that list, not a date of death. Two copies that agree are one piece of evidence, not two.
- Earlier annual personnel extract
- The detailed annual personnel file of October 2024. An official found only in this file keeps the years, titles and salaries it gives.
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
- Personnel attributes extract
- The detailed personnel file of September 2025, read for personal details such as birth, schooling and first work.
- Origin of the record: Post and Telegraph personnel records.
- 26 annual entries of 26 belong to the saved estimation sample of the paper.
How to read this record: calendar years, years without an annual entry, salaries and sources.
Subjects
- Mahmut Efendi
- Communications official (Muhabere Memuru)
- As-Suwayda (Süveyda)
- Sidon (Sayda)
- Rüşdiye school (Rüşdiye Mektebi)
- Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)
- Muslim (Müslüman)
- Biography of an Ottoman official (Osmanlı memurunun biyografisi)
- Career and pay (memuriyet ve maaş)
- Ottoman history (Osmanlı tarihi)
- Ottoman bureaucracy (Osmanlı bürokrasisi)
- Ottoman officials (Osmanlı'da memurlar)
- Ottoman personnel registers (Sicill-i Ahvâl defterleri)
- Ottoman registers (Osmanlı defterleri)