Official
Mehmet Zihni Efendi
Muslim (Müslüman). Born in Niš (Niş) in 1841/42 (AH 1257). On record 1859 to 1898, 38 annual entries.
Archive reference 3_333; 662
Life#
Mehmet Zihni Efendi was born in Niš (Niş) in 1841/42 (AH 1257). The record gives the community as Muslim (Müslüman) and the nationality as Turkish.
Schooling recorded: Sıbyan Mektebi, with 4 years of schooling recorded. The record marks no qualification (diploma, certificate, training or decoration). Languages recorded, with the skill words of the record: Bulgarian, with Tekellum; Turkish, with Kitabet.
First work is recorded in Niš in 1855/56 (AH 1272): Tahrirat Kalemi. The official was then about 15 years old. The record gives 4 years of unpaid apprenticeship (mülazemet) before the first salary. The first-salary field gives 200 kuruş a month. At the first annual entry, in 1859/60, the official was about 18 years old.
The first annual entry, for 1859/60, shows Defter-i Hakani Kalemi in Niš, with 200 kuruş a month. In 1865/66 the record shows Tapu Kitabeti in Niš, with 300 kuruş a month (before: Defter-i Hakani Kalemi in Niš). In 1868/69 the record shows Mukayyit in Pirot (Şehirköy), with 450 kuruş a month (before: Tapu Kitabeti in Niš). In 1869/70 the record shows Mukayyit in Niš, with 450 kuruş a month (before: Mukayyit in Pirot). In 1871/72 the record shows DH Baskitabeti in Niš, the salary going from 450 to 500 kuruş a month (before: Mukayyit in Niš). In 1878 the record shows DH Baskitabeti in Kırklareli, the salary going from 500 to 450 kuruş a month (before: DH Baskitabeti in Niš). In 1879/80 the record shows DH Kitabeti in Kırklareli, the salary going from 450 to 360 kuruş a month (before: DH Baskitabeti in Kırklareli). In 1880/81 the record shows Defter-i Hakani Kalemi in Didymoteicho (Dimetoka), the salary going from 360 to 1,200 kuruş a month (before: DH Kitabeti in Kırklareli). In 1886/87 the record shows Defter-i Hakani Kalemi in Preveza (Preveze), the salary going from 1,200 to 760 kuruş a month (before: Defter-i Hakani Kalemi in Didymoteicho). In 1893/94 the record shows Defter-i Hakani Kalemi in Drama, with 760 kuruş a month (before: Defter-i Hakani Kalemi in Preveza). No annual entry is recorded for 1867/68 and 1877/78.
The highest salary, 1,200 kuruş a month, is first recorded in 1880/81 as Defter-i Hakani Kalemi. 87 per cent of the other officials with a recorded salary that year earned less. The median salary of all officials that year was 500 kuruş. Over 38 years with a salary the median is 500 kuruş a month, with 4 rises and 4 cuts. The largest rise, 840 kuruş, is seen in 1880/81. From the first salary to the last the salary grew by 3.2 per cent a year on average. The last salary is recorded in 1897/98, when 79 per cent of the other officials with a recorded salary that year earned less.
Honours recorded in the cross-ministry workbook: Rank (recorded code): 3.
Record#
Personal
- Born
- 1841/42 (AH 1257)
- Birthplace
- Niš (Niş)
- Community
- Muslim (Müslüman)
- Nationality as recorded
- Turkish
Education
- Primary
- Sıbyan Mektebi (4 years)school for young children (primary school)
- Unpaid years (mülazemet)
- 4 years
- Preparation route (classification of the paper)
- Low
- Qualification (diploma, certificate, training or nişan)
- NoShown as in the flag of the paper. The qualification column of the recovered extract gives yes.
The years count all schooling up to that school, as the record gives them.
Languages
- Bulgarian
- Tekellumspeaking
- Turkish
- Kitabetwriting
The glosses are cautious historical readings of the recorded words, not modern levels of proficiency.
First work
- Year
- 1855/56 (AH 1272)
- Place
- Niš (Niş)
- First job as worded
- Tahrirat Kalemi
- Age at first work (workbook field)
- 16
- First salary field (kuruş a month)
- 200
- First-job salary of the original workbook (kuruş a month)
- 200
Honours and ranks
- Rank (recorded code)
- 3
Career#
| Years | Title | Place | Salary (kuruş a month) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1855/56AH 1272 | Tahrirat Kalemifirst work | Niš (Niş) | 200first-salary field |
| 1859 to 1865AH 1276 to 1281 | Defter-i Hakani Kalemi | Niš (Niş) | 200 to 300 |
| 1865 to 1867AH 1282 to 1283 | Tapu Kitabeti | Niš (Niş) | 300 to 450 |
| No annual entry: 1867/68 (AH 1284) | |||
| 1868/69AH 1285 | Mukayyit | Pirot (Şehirköy) | 450 |
| 1869 to 1871AH 1286 to 1287 | Mukayyit | Niš (Niş) | 450 |
| 1871 to 1877AH 1288 to 1293 | DH Baskitabeti | Niš (Niş) | 500 |
| No annual entry: 1877/78 (AH 1294) | |||
| 1878 to 1879AH 1295 to 1296 | DH Baskitabeti | Kırklareli | 450 |
| 1879/80AH 1297 | DH Kitabeti | Kırklareli | 360 |
| 1880 to 1886AH 1298 to 1303 | Defter-i Hakani Kalemi | Didymoteicho (Dimetoka) | 1,200 |
| 1886 to 1893AH 1304 to 1310 | Defter-i Hakani Kalemi | Preveza (Preveze) | 760 |
| 1893 to 1898AH 1311 to 1315 | Defter-i Hakani Kalemi | Drama | 760 to 684 |
Log scale: equal steps are equal ratios. The median of the same title is drawn for the years in which at least 5 officials with that title had a salary.
The numbers of the chart
| Year | Salary | Median, all officials | Median, same title | Paid less |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1859/60 | 200 | 500 | 250 | 14% |
| 1860/61 | 200 | 500 | 285 | 8% |
| 1861/62 | 200 | 600 | 7% | |
| 1862/63 | 300 | 500 | 19% | |
| 1863/64 | 300 | 500 | 15% | |
| 1864/65 | 300 | 625 | 11% | |
| 1865/66 | 300 | 650 | 10% | |
| 1866/67 | 450 | 600 | 28% | |
| 1868/69 | 450 | 600 | 450 | 31% |
| 1869/70 | 450 | 600 | 475 | 34% |
| 1870/71 | 450 | 600 | 500 | 36% |
| 1871/72 | 500 | 550 | 45% | |
| 1872/73 | 500 | 550 | 500 | 44% |
| 1873/74 | 500 | 500 | 44% | |
| 1874/75 | 500 | 535 | 500 | 41% |
| 1875/76 | 500 | 530 | 500 | 41% |
| 1876/77 | 500 | 582.5 | 500 | 36% |
| 1878 | 450 | 600 | 475 | 32% |
| 1878/79 | 450 | 600 | 475 | 33% |
| 1879/80 | 360 | 500 | 22% | |
| 1880/81 | 1,200 | 500 | 760 | 87% |
| 1881/82 | 1,200 | 500 | 760 | 86% |
| 1882/83 | 1,200 | 500 | 760 | 86% |
| 1883/84 | 1,200 | 500 | 760 | 86% |
| 1884/85 | 1,200 | 500 | 760 | 86% |
| 1885/86 | 1,200 | 500 | 760 | 87% |
| 1886/87 | 760 | 500 | 760 | 75% |
| 1887/88 | 760 | 500 | 760 | 74% |
| 1888/89 | 760 | 500 | 760 | 75% |
| 1889/90 | 760 | 500 | 760 | 76% |
| 1890/91 | 760 | 500 | 760 | 77% |
| 1891/92 | 760 | 500 | 760 | 78% |
| 1892/93 | 760 | 500 | 760 | 78% |
| 1893/94 | 760 | 500 | 760 | 79% |
| 1894/95 | 760 | 500 | 760 | 79% |
| 1895/96 | 760 | 500 | 760 | 79% |
| 1896/97 | 684 | 500 | 684 | 79% |
| 1897/98 | 684 | 500 | 684 | 79% |
Paid less: the share of the other officials with a salary that year who earned less.
Choose a row to mark its years in the charts and its place on the map.
Recorded with#
Recorded in the same place in the same years
- Bohur Badur EfendiNiš (Niş), 7 shared years
- Ali Haydar EfendiPreveza (Preveze), 7 shared years
- Behor Badur EfendiNiš (Niş), 7 shared years
- Rasim EfendiDidymoteicho (Dimetoka), 6 shared years
- Aneklaki Mahir EfendiDidymoteicho (Dimetoka), 6 shared years
57 officials in all. Officials recorded in Niš (Niş)
Same school recorded
- Ahmet Cavit BeySıbyan Mektebi, first annual entry 1859/60 (AH 1276)
- Ahmet Hamdi EfendiSıbyan Mektebi, first annual entry 1859/60 (AH 1276)
- Ali Rıza EfendiSıbyan Mektebi, first annual entry 1859/60 (AH 1276)
- Haci Lutfullah BeySıbyan Mektebi, first annual entry 1859/60 (AH 1276)
- Hüseyin Besim EfendiSıbyan Mektebi, first annual entry 1859/60 (AH 1276)
744 officials in all. Officials with Sıbyan Mektebi recorded
Same birthplace
- Mahmut Bedri EfendiNiš (Niş), born 1843/44 (AH 1259)
- Fahri EfendiNiš (Niş), born 1851/52 (AH 1268)
- Hüseyin Remzi EfendiNiš (Niş), born 1853/54 (AH 1270)
- Yaşar Şazi EfendiNiš (Niş), born 1853/54 (AH 1270)
- Mustafa Şükrü EfendiNiš (Niş), born 1856/57 (AH 1273)
25 officials in all. Officials born in Niš (Niş)
Full record
Annual entries (38)
| Year | Title | Place | Kuruş a month | Institution | Source | Archive reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1859/60AH 1276 | Defter-i Hakani Kalemi | Niš (Niş) | 200 | Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 3_333; 662 |
| 1860/61AH 1277 | Defter-i Hakani Kalemi | Niš (Niş) | 200 | Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 3_333; 662 |
| 1861/62AH 1278 | Defter-i Hakani Kalemi | Niš (Niş) | 200 | Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 3_333; 662 |
| 1862/63AH 1279 | Defter-i Hakani Kalemi | Niš (Niş) | 300 | Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 3_333; 662 |
| 1863/64AH 1280 | Defter-i Hakani Kalemi | Niš (Niş) | 300 | Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 3_333; 662 |
| 1864/65AH 1281 | Defter-i Hakani Kalemi | Niš (Niş) | 300 | Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 3_333; 662 |
| 1865/66AH 1282 | Tapu Kitabeti | Niš (Niş) | 300 | Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 3_333; 662 |
| 1866/67AH 1283 | Tapu Kitabeti | Niš (Niş) | 450 | Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 3_333; 662 |
| 1868/69AH 1285 | Mukayyit | Pirot (Şehirköy) | 450 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_333; 662 |
| 1869/70AH 1286 | Mukayyit | Niš (Niş) | 450 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_333; 662 |
| 1870/71AH 1287 | Mukayyit | Niš (Niş) | 450 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_333; 662 |
| 1871/72AH 1288 | DH Baskitabeti | Niš (Niş) | 500 | Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 3_333; 662 |
| 1872/73AH 1289 | DH Baskitabeti | Niš (Niş) | 500 | Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 3_333; 662 |
| 1873/74AH 1290 | DH Baskitabeti | Niš (Niş) | 500 | Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 3_333; 662 |
| 1874/75AH 1291 | DH Baskitabeti | Niš (Niş) | 500 | Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 3_333; 662 |
| 1875/76AH 1292 | DH Baskitabeti | Niš (Niş) | 500 | Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 3_333; 662 |
| 1876/77AH 1293 | DH Baskitabeti | Niš (Niş) | 500 | Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 3_333; 662 |
| 1878AH 1295 | DH Baskitabeti | Kırklareli | 450 | Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 3_333; 662 |
| 1878/79AH 1296 | DH Baskitabeti | Kırklareli | 450 | Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 3_333; 662 |
| 1879/80AH 1297 | DH Kitabeti | Kırklareli | 360 | Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 3_333; 662 |
| 1880/81AH 1298 | Defter-i Hakani Kalemi | Didymoteicho (Dimetoka) | 1,200 | Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 3_333; 662 |
| 1881/82AH 1299 | Defter-i Hakani Kalemi | Didymoteicho (Dimetoka) | 1,200 | Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 3_333; 662 |
| 1882/83AH 1300 | Defter-i Hakani Kalemi | Didymoteicho (Dimetoka) | 1,200 | Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 3_333; 662 |
| 1883/84AH 1301 | Defter-i Hakani Kalemi | Didymoteicho (Dimetoka) | 1,200 | Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 3_333; 662 |
| 1884/85AH 1302 | Defter-i Hakani Kalemi | Didymoteicho (Dimetoka) | 1,200 | Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 3_333; 662 |
| 1885/86AH 1303 | Defter-i Hakani Kalemi | Didymoteicho (Dimetoka) | 1,200 | Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 3_333; 662 |
| 1886/87AH 1304 | Defter-i Hakani Kalemi | Preveza (Preveze) | 760 | Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 3_333; 662 |
| 1887/88AH 1305 | Defter-i Hakani Kalemi | Preveza (Preveze) | 760 | Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 3_333; 662 |
| 1888/89AH 1306 | Defter-i Hakani Kalemi | Preveza (Preveze) | 760 | Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 3_333; 662 |
| 1889/90AH 1307 | Defter-i Hakani Kalemi | Preveza (Preveze) | 760 | Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 3_333; 662 |
| 1890/91AH 1308 | Defter-i Hakani Kalemi | Preveza (Preveze) | 760 | Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 3_333; 662 |
| 1891/92AH 1309 | Defter-i Hakani Kalemi | Preveza (Preveze) | 760 | Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 3_333; 662 |
| 1892/93AH 1310 | Defter-i Hakani Kalemi | Preveza (Preveze) | 760 | Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 3_333; 662 |
| 1893/94AH 1311 | Defter-i Hakani Kalemi | Drama | 760 | Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 3_333; 662 |
| 1894/95AH 1312 | Defter-i Hakani Kalemi | Drama | 760 | Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 3_333; 662 |
| 1895/96AH 1313 | Defter-i Hakani Kalemi | Drama | 760 | Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 3_333; 662 |
| 1896/97AH 1314 | Defter-i Hakani Kalemi | Drama | 684 | Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 3_333; 662 |
| 1897/98AH 1315 | Defter-i Hakani Kalemi | Drama | 684 | Land Registry (Defter-i Hakani) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 3_333; 662 |
What the sources named in this table are
- Cross-ministry personnel workbook
- A personnel workbook with the annual entries in institutions other than the Post and Telegraph (justice, land registry, customs, police and others), with the same annual fields as the personnel workbook.
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
Sources and original values (23)
| Field | Recorded value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Identity | ||
| Name | Mehmet Zihni Efendi | Linked personnel workbook |
| Birth year (AH) | 1257 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Birthplace | nis | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Birthplace: district (kaza) | Nis | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Birthplace: sancak | Nis | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Birthplace: province (vilayet) | Tuna | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Province of birth | tuna | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Religion | Musluman | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Nationality or community | Turkish | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Schooling | ||
| School | Sibyan Mektebi | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Years of schooling | 4 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Years of apprenticeship (mülazemet) | 4 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| First work | ||
| First work: year (AH) | 1272 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Linked personnel workbook |
| First work: Gregorian year as stored | 1856 | Recovered annual personnel extract |
| First work: place | Nis | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| First work: district (kaza) | nis | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| First work: sancak | nis | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| First work: province (vilayet) | tuna | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| First job as worded | Tahrirat Kalemi | Linked personnel workbook; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Age at first work (workbook field) | 16 | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| First salary field (kuruş a month) | 200 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First-job salary of the original workbook (kuruş a month) | 200 | Linked personnel workbook; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Honours | ||
| Rank (recorded code) | 3 | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
What the sources named in this table are
- Cross-ministry personnel workbook
- A personnel workbook with the annual entries in institutions other than the Post and Telegraph (justice, land registry, customs, police and others), with the same annual fields as the personnel workbook.
- Earlier annual personnel extract
- The detailed annual personnel file of October 2024. An official found only in this file keeps the years, titles and salaries it gives.
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
- Personnel attributes extract
- The detailed personnel file of September 2025, read for personal details such as birth, schooling and first work.
- Linked personnel workbook
- The original personnel workbook, from which selected fields on background and first work are taken.
- Origin of the record: Post and Telegraph personnel records.
- 1 annual entry of 38 belong to the saved estimation sample of the paper.
How to read this record: calendar years, years without an annual entry, salaries and sources.