Official
Mahmud Efendi
Muslim (Müslüman). Born in Bitola (Manastır) in 1835/36 (AH 1251). On record 1875 to 1903, 29 annual entries. Death recorded 1903/04.
Archive reference 8_12; 21
Life#
Mahmud Efendi was born in Bitola (Manastır) in 1835/36 (AH 1251), into the Muslim (Müslüman) community. Schooling took four years, at a school for young children (Sıbyan Mektebi); Mahmud also wrote Turkish, spoke Bulgarian and had some knowledge of Greek (Rum).
Mahmud began work in 1854/55, at about 19, with five unpaid years as a mülazım (apprentice). From 1875/76 to 1902/03 every annual entry places Mahmud in Istanbul, first as a communications official (Muhabere Memuru), from 1876/77 as a postal official (Posta Memuru).
The salary went from 300 kuruş a month in 1875/76 to 400 in 1896/97, the peak, as Posta Memuru in Istanbul, when one in three paid officials earned less. Over 29 years the salaries add up to 117,060 kuruş, 65 per cent of what an official on the median salary earned. The last annual entry is for 1902/03; the list of 1903/04 (AH 1321) gives the status word Vefat (death).
Places in order of time#
Each number is a stop: the birthplace, the place of first work, then every place of the annual entries in turn. The year beside an arrow is the first entry at the new place.
Born 1835/36 (AH 1251)
1875 to 1903 (AH 1292 to 1320)
Muhabere Memuru 1875/76 (AH 1292); Posta Memuru 1876 to 1903 (AH 1293 to 1320)
285 to 400 kuruş a month; entries in 29 years
Death recorded in the annual list of 1903/04 (AH 1321): the word Vefat, not a date of death.
Career and salary#
Log scale: equal steps are equal ratios. The median of the same title is drawn for the years in which at least 5 officials with that title had a salary, and the median of the same province for the years in which at least 5 officials were paid in the province of the official's salary that year.
The numbers of the chart
| Year | Salary | Median, all officials | Median, same title | Median, same province | Paid less |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1875/76 | 300 | 530 | 400 | 550 | 12% |
| 1876/77 | 300 | 582.5 | 400 | 587.5 | 9% |
| 1877/78 | 300 | 560 | 350 | 600 | 8% |
| 1878 | 300 | 600 | 300 | 600 | 8% |
| 1878/79 | 300 | 600 | 300 | 600 | 9% |
| 1879/80 | 285 | 500 | 285 | 500 | 11% |
| 1880/81 | 285 | 500 | 380 | 500 | 11% |
| 1881/82 | 285 | 500 | 300 | 500 | 10% |
| 1882/83 | 300 | 500 | 356 | 500 | 11% |
| 1883/84 | 300 | 500 | 350 | 500 | 12% |
| 1884/85 | 300 | 500 | 325 | 500 | 11% |
| 1885/86 | 300 | 500 | 325 | 500 | 12% |
| 1886/87 | 300 | 500 | 325 | 500 | 11% |
| 1887/88 | 300 | 500 | 400 | 500 | 11% |
| 1888/89 | 350 | 500 | 380 | 500 | 18% |
| 1889/90 | 350 | 500 | 380 | 500 | 20% |
| 1890/91 | 350 | 500 | 380 | 500 | 21% |
| 1891/92 | 350 | 500 | 350 | 500 | 22% |
| 1892/93 | 350 | 500 | 350 | 500 | 22% |
| 1893/94 | 350 | 500 | 350 | 480 | 23% |
| 1894/95 | 350 | 500 | 380 | 450 | 24% |
| 1895/96 | 350 | 500 | 352.5 | 440 | 24% |
| 1896/97 | 400 | 500 | 350 | 425 | 32% |
| 1897/98 | 400 | 500 | 350 | 425 | 32% |
| 1898/99 | 400 | 500 | 387.5 | 440 | 31% |
| 1899/1900 | 400 | 500 | 400 | 450 | 31% |
| 1900/01 | 400 | 500 | 400 | 450 | 31% |
| 1901/02 | 400 | 500 | 400 | 440 | 32% |
| 1902/03 | 400 | 500 | 400 | 450 | 33% |
Paid less: the share of the other officials with a salary that year who earned less.
Point at a year for its salary, title, place and the median of all officials paid that year. Choose a row of the table to mark its years in the charts and its stop on the map.
| Years | Title | Place | Salary (kuruş a month) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1854/55AH 1271 | First work | ||
| 1875/76AH 1292 | Muhabere Memuru | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 300 |
| 1876 to 1903AH 1293 to 1320 | Posta Memuru | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 300 to 400 |
| 1903/04AH 1321 | Death recorded | ||
Record#
Personal
- Born
- 1835/36 (AH 1251)
- Birthplace
- Bitola (Manastır)
- Community
- Muslim (Müslüman)
- Nationality as recorded
- Turkish
- Death recorded
- 1903/04 (AH 1321)the year of the annual list with the word Vefat, not a date of death
Education
- Primary
- Sıbyan Mektebi (4 years)school for young children (primary school)
- Unpaid years (mülazemet)
- 5 years
- Preparation route (classification of the paper)
- Low
- Qualification (diploma, certificate, training or nişan)
- NoShown as in the flag of the paper. The qualification column of the recovered extract gives yes.
The years count all schooling up to that school, as the record gives them.
Languages
- Bulgarian
- Tekellumspeaking
- Greek (Rum)
- asinafamiliarity. Rum is the word of the records for Greek as spoken by the Orthodox Christians of the empire. It is kept apart from the column Greek, which the records also have
- Turkish
- Kitabetwriting
The glosses are cautious historical readings of the recorded words, not modern levels of proficiency.
First work
- Year
- 1854/55 (AH 1271)
Legal records
- Legal record note as worded
- Görev ihmal / Mumaileyh İşkodra Vilayeti Kumandanlığı'yla İşkodra İkinci Binbaşılık namına olarak Üsküp ve Selanik Postahanelerinden Manastır Postahanesi'ne irsal olunan iki kıta tahrirat-ı mühimmenin ziyaʻına sebebiyet verdiğinden Meclis-i İdare-i Nezaretin 4 Temmuz sene 1312 tarihli kararı mucebince üç günlük maaşı katʻ edildiği; Görev İhmali
- Years (AH) with a criminal-record mark in the annual records
- 1313; 1314; 1315; 1316; 1317; 1318; 1319; 1320
Recorded with#
Officials who share a place, a job title, a school, a birthplace or the year of the first annual entry. Ranks compare the highest monthly salary of each official.
Same post (job title and place), same years
Of the 34 officials who held Posta Memuru in Istanbul in the same years, Mahmud Efendi had the 17th highest salary.
- İbrahim Selim Susa Efendi8 shared years; highest salary 15,000 kuruş
- Mehmet Şevki Efendi7 shared years; highest salary 250 kuruş
- Hüseyin Fehmi Efendi6 shared years; highest salary 750 kuruş
- Mehmet Muhyittin Efendi6 shared years; highest salary 730 kuruş
- Ömer Neşet Efendi6 shared years; highest salary 650 kuruş
Same place, same years
Of the 1,344 officials with entries in Istanbul in the same years, Mahmud Efendi had the 947th highest salary.
- Salahattin Bey29 shared years; highest salary 7,800 kuruş
- Suleyman Resat Bey29 shared years; highest salary 7,000 kuruş
- Mehmet Hayri Bey29 shared years; highest salary 5,500 kuruş
- Melkok Efendi29 shared years; highest salary 5,000 kuruş
- Mehmet Salim Bey29 shared years; highest salary 3,000 kuruş
Same job title, same years
Of the 361 officials with the title Posta Memuru in the same years, Mahmud Efendi had the 248th highest salary.
- Ali Rıza Efendi28 shared years; highest salary 600 kuruş
- Ahmet Resmi Efendi26 shared years; highest salary 400 kuruş
- Hasan Efendi20 shared years; highest salary 500 kuruş
- Hacı Mustafa Nuri Efendi20 shared years; highest salary 400 kuruş
- Abdullah Fikri Efendi19 shared years; highest salary 600 kuruş
Same school
Of the 746 officials with Sıbyan Mektebi among their schools, 745 have a recorded salary; Mahmud Efendi had the 617th highest salary of them.
- Ahmet Şakir Efendiborn 1835/36 (AH 1251); highest salary 400 kuruş
- Ali Fehmi Kemali Efendiborn 1835/36 (AH 1251); highest salary 1,200 kuruş
- Esad Efendiborn 1835/36 (AH 1251); highest salary 1,000 kuruş
- Fethullah Nuri Efendiborn 1835/36 (AH 1251); highest salary 1,080 kuruş
- Huseyin Sevki Efendiborn 1835/36 (AH 1251); highest salary 4,500 kuruş
Same birthplace
Of the 40 officials born in Bitola (Manastır), Mahmud Efendi had the 27th highest salary.
- Ali Rıza Efendiborn 1844/45 (AH 1260); highest salary 700 kuruş
- Abdullah Hilmi Efendiborn 1846/47 (AH 1263); highest salary 1,500 kuruş
- Abdullah Hilmi Efendiborn 1846/47 (AH 1263); highest salary 1,500 kuruş
- Mehmet Raif Efendiborn 1849/50 (AH 1266); highest salary 600 kuruş
- Ömer Adil Efendiborn 1849/50 (AH 1266); highest salary 860 kuruş
The page of Bitola (Manastır), with the 40 officials born there
First annual entry in the same year
Of the 87 officials whose first annual entry is for 1875/76 (AH 1292), Mahmud Efendi had the 77th highest salary.
- Hüseyin Hüsnü Efendifirst entry in Istanbul; highest salary 640 kuruş
- Hacı Ata Efendifirst entry in Istanbul; highest salary 600 kuruş
- Komidas Efendifirst entry in Istanbul; highest salary 875 kuruş
- Ahmet Canib Efendifirst entry in Istanbul; highest salary 590 kuruş
- Haci Mehmet Şükrü Efendifirst entry in Istanbul; highest salary 200 kuruş
All 87 officials whose first annual entry is for 1875/76 (AH 1292)
Full record
Annual entries (29)
| Year | Title | Place | Kuruş a month | Institution | Source | Archive reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1875/76AH 1292 | Muhabere Memuru | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 300 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 8_12; 21 |
| 1876/77AH 1293 | Posta Memuru | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 300 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 8_12; 21 |
| 1877/78AH 1294 | Posta Memuru | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 300 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 8_12; 21 |
| 1878AH 1295 | Posta Memuru | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 300 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 8_12; 21 |
| 1878/79AH 1296 | Posta Memuru | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 300 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 8_12; 21 |
| 1879/80AH 1297 | Posta Memuru | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 285 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 8_12; 21 |
| 1880/81AH 1298 | Posta Memuru | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 285 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 8_12; 21 |
| 1881/82AH 1299 | Posta Memuru | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 285 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 8_12; 21 |
| 1882/83AH 1300 | Posta Memuru | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 300 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 8_12; 21 |
| 1883/84AH 1301 | Posta Memuru | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 300 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 8_12; 21 |
| 1884/85AH 1302 | Posta Memuru | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 300 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 8_12; 21 |
| 1885/86AH 1303 | Posta Memuru | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 300 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 8_12; 21 |
| 1886/87AH 1304 | Posta Memuru | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 300 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 8_12; 21 |
| 1887/88AH 1305 | Posta Memuru | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 300 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 8_12; 21 |
| 1888/89AH 1306 | Posta Memuru | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 350 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 8_12; 21 |
| 1889/90AH 1307 | Posta Memuru | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 350 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 8_12; 21 |
| 1890/91AH 1308 | Posta Memuru | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 350 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 8_12; 21 |
| 1891/92AH 1309 | Posta Memuru | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 350 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 8_12; 21 |
| 1892/93AH 1310 | Posta Memuru | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 350 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 8_12; 21 |
| 1893/94AH 1311 | Posta Memuru | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 350 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 8_12; 21 |
| 1894/95AH 1312 | Posta Memuru | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 350 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 8_12; 21 |
| 1895/96AH 1313 | Posta Memuru | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 350 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 8_12; 21 |
| 1896/97AH 1314 | Posta Memuru | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 8_12; 21 |
| 1897/98AH 1315 | Posta Memuru | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 8_12; 21 |
| 1898/99AH 1316 | Posta Memuru | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 8_12; 21 |
| 1899/1900AH 1317 | Posta Memuru | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 8_12; 21 |
| 1900/01AH 1318 | Posta Memuru | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 8_12; 21 |
| 1901/02AH 1319 | Posta Memuru | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 8_12; 21 |
| 1902/03AH 1320 | Posta Memuru | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 8_12; 21 |
What the sources named in this table are
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
Sources and original values (15)
| Field | Recorded value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Identity | ||
| Name | Mahmud Efendi | Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Birth year (AH) | 1251 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Birthplace | manastir | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Province of birth | manastir | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Religion | Musluman | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Nationality or community | Turkish | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Schooling | ||
| School | Sibyan mektebi | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Years of schooling | 4 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Years of apprenticeship (mülazemet) | 5 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First work | ||
| First work: year (AH) | 1271 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First work: Gregorian year as stored | 1855 | Recovered annual personnel extract |
| Legal records | ||
| Legal record note as worded | Görev ihmal / Mumaileyh İşkodra Vilayeti Kumandanlığı'yla İşkodra İkinci Binbaşılık namına olarak Üsküp ve Selanik Postahanelerinden Manastır Postahanesi'ne irsal olunan iki kıta tahrirat-ı mühimmenin ziyaʻına sebebiyet verdiğinden Meclis-i İdare-i Nezaretin 4 Temmuz sene 1312 tarihli kararı mucebince üç günlük maaşı katʻ edildiği used on this page | Legal notes (earlier workbook copy); Legal notes (later workbook copy) |
| Legal record note as worded | Görev İhmali other value | Legal notes (earlier workbook copy); Legal notes (later workbook copy) |
| Years (AH) with a criminal-record mark in the annual records | 1313; 1314; 1315; 1316; 1317; 1318; 1319; 1320 | Later annual personnel extract |
| Status | ||
| Death recorded under the year (AH) | 1321 | Earlier annual personnel extract (original copy); Earlier annual personnel extract (parallel copy) |
What the sources named in this table are
- Legal notes (earlier workbook copy)
- A workbook of notes on legal records. The wording is kept as written. It may hold an accusation or an acquittal, it is not the finding of a court, and its year is the year of the record, not the date of an event.
- Legal notes (later workbook copy)
- A later copy of the workbook of notes on legal records. The same wording in both copies is one note, not two.
- Earlier annual personnel extract (original copy)
- A copy of the earlier annual personnel file, read for the title wording of each year. A death taken from it is the status word Vefat in the title field of one annual list: the year is the year of that list, not a date of death.
- Earlier annual personnel extract (parallel copy)
- A second copy of the earlier annual personnel file, read in the same way. A death taken from it is the status word Vefat in the title field of one annual list: the year is the year of that list, not a date of death. Two copies that agree are one piece of evidence, not two.
- Later annual personnel extract
- The detailed annual personnel file of October 2025. It marks single annual entries with a criminal-record flag and holds status words such as Vefat. For a death, the year is the year of the annual list in which the status word stands.
- Earlier annual personnel extract
- The detailed annual personnel file of October 2024. An official found only in this file keeps the years, titles and salaries it gives.
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
- Personnel attributes extract
- The detailed personnel file of September 2025, read for personal details such as birth, schooling and first work.
- The sources give more than one value for a marked field. Every value is listed.
- Origin of the record: Post and Telegraph personnel records.
- 29 annual entries of 29 belong to the saved estimation sample of the paper.
How to read this record: calendar years, years without an annual entry, salaries and sources.
Subjects
- Mahmud Efendi
- Postal official (Posta Memuru)
- Istanbul (Dersaadet)
- Bitola (Manastır)
- School for young children (Sıbyan Mektebi)
- Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)
- Muslim (Müslüman)
- Biography of an Ottoman official (Osmanlı memurunun biyografisi)
- Career and pay (memuriyet ve maaş)
- Ottoman history (Osmanlı tarihi)
- Ottoman bureaucracy (Osmanlı bürokrasisi)
- Ottoman officials (Osmanlı'da memurlar)
- Ottoman personnel registers (Sicill-i Ahvâl defterleri)
- Ottoman registers (Osmanlı defterleri)