Official
İstepan Çakmak Efendi
Armenian Christian (Ermeni). Born in Istanbul (Dersaadet) in 1871/72 (AH 1288). On record 1890 to 1906, 14 annual entries.
Archive reference 0084_0146; 287
Life#
Born in Istanbul in 1871/72 (AH 1288), İstepan Çakmak Efendi came from the Armenian Christian (Ermeni) community; the father's occupation was "Darphane Memuru". Schooling took four years, at a community school (Millet Mektebi); İstepan Çakmak also wrote French as well as Turkish.
İstepan Çakmak began work in Istanbul in 1890/91, at about 19, paid from the start, on 75 kuruş a month. The first annual entry, for 1890/91, places İstepan Çakmak in Beyoğlu as a communications official (Muhabere Memuru), where the entries run to 1897/98, with a rise to official for foreign communications (Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti) in 1895/96. The lists have no entry for 1892 to 1894. The annual lists then follow İstepan Çakmak to Büyükdere in 1898/99. The last posts were in Beyoğlu again from 1899 to 1906.
Pay rose from 75 kuruş a month in 1890/91 to a peak of 500 in 1905/06, as Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti in Beyoğlu, when half the paid officials earned less. In all, 14 years of salary come to 49,500 kuruş, 59 per cent of what an official on the median salary earned in those years. The last annual entry is for 1905/06.
Places in order of time#
Each number is a stop: the birthplace, the place of first work, then every place of the annual entries in turn. The year beside an arrow is the first entry at the new place.
Born 1871/72 (AH 1288); First work 1890/91 (AH 1308)
1890 to 1898 (AH 1308 to 1315)
Muhabere Memuru 1890 to 1895 (AH 1308 to 1312); Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti 1895 to 1898 (AH 1313 to 1315)
75 to 225 kuruş a month; entries in 6 years
No annual entry for 1892 to 1894 (AH 1310 to 1311).
1899 to 1906 (AH 1317 to 1323)
Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti
400 to 500 kuruş a month; entries in 7 years
Career and salary#
Log scale: equal steps are equal ratios. The median of the same title is drawn for the years in which at least 5 officials with that title had a salary, and the median of the same province for the years in which at least 5 officials were paid in the province of the official's salary that year.
The numbers of the chart
| Year | Salary | Median, all officials | Median, same title | Median, same province | Paid less |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1890/91 | 75 | 500 | 400 | 500 | 2% |
| 1891/92 | 75 | 500 | 400 | 500 | 2% |
| 1894/95 | 100 | 500 | 400 | 450 | 3% |
| 1895/96 | 150 | 500 | 500 | 440 | 6% |
| 1896/97 | 200 | 500 | 495 | 425 | 8% |
| 1897/98 | 225 | 500 | 480 | 425 | 13% |
| 1898/99 | 400 | 500 | 495 | 440 | 31% |
| 1899/1900 | 400 | 500 | 500 | 450 | 31% |
| 1900/01 | 400 | 500 | 500 | 450 | 31% |
| 1901/02 | 400 | 500 | 480 | 440 | 32% |
| 1902/03 | 400 | 500 | 400 | 450 | 33% |
| 1903/04 | 400 | 475 | 450 | 450 | 36% |
| 1904/05 | 400 | 450 | 455 | 450 | 38% |
| 1905/06 | 500 | 475 | 445 | 425 | 50% |
Paid less: the share of the other officials with a salary that year who earned less.
Point at a year for its salary, title, place and the median of all officials paid that year. Choose a row of the table to mark its years in the charts and its stop on the map.
| Years | Title | Place | Salary (kuruş a month) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1890/91AH 1308 | First work | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 75first-salary field |
| 1890 to 1892AH 1308 to 1309 | Muhabere Memuru | Beyoğlu | 75 |
| No annual entry: 1892 to 1894 (AH 1310 to 1311) | |||
| 1894/95AH 1312 | Muhabere Memuru | Beyoğlu | 100 |
| 1895 to 1898AH 1313 to 1315 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Beyoğlu | 150 to 225 |
| 1898/99AH 1316 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Büyükdere | 400 |
| 1899 to 1906AH 1317 to 1323 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Beyoğlu | 400 to 500 |
Record#
Personal
- Born
- 1871/72 (AH 1288)
- Birthplace
- Istanbul (Dersaadet)
- Community
- Armenian Christian (Ermeni)
- Nationality as recorded
- Ermeni
- Father's occupation
- Darphane Memuru
Education
- Community school
- Millet Mektebi (4 years)community school (school of a non-Muslim community)
- Unpaid years (mülazemet)
- 0 years
- Preparation route (classification of the paper)
- Low
- Qualification (diploma, certificate, training or nişan)
- NoShown as in the flag of the paper. The qualification column of the recovered extract gives yes.
The years count all schooling up to that school, as the record gives them.
Languages
- French
- Kitabetwriting
- Turkish
- Kitabetwriting
The glosses are cautious historical readings of the recorded words, not modern levels of proficiency.
First work
- Year
- 1890/91 (AH 1308)
- Place
- Istanbul (Dersaadet)
- First salary field (kuruş a month)
- 75
Recorded with#
Officials who share a place, a job title, a school, a birthplace or the year of the first annual entry. Ranks compare the highest monthly salary of each official.
Same post (job title and place), same years
Of the 121 officials who held Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti in Beyoğlu in the same years, İstepan Çakmak Efendi had the 58th highest salary.
- Taşçıyan Markar Efendi10 shared years; highest salary 1,300 kuruş
- Acemyan Dikran Efendi10 shared years; highest salary 1,100 kuruş
- Andon İzekiyan Efendi10 shared years; highest salary 1,000 kuruş
- Mehmet Cevdet Efendi10 shared years; highest salary 850 kuruş
- Ahmet Kamil Efendi10 shared years; highest salary 750 kuruş
Same place, same years
Of the 300 officials with entries in Beyoğlu in the same years, İstepan Çakmak Efendi had the 163rd highest salary.
- Emrullah Efendi13 shared years; highest salary 10,000 kuruş
- Paskal Mıgırdıç Kazancıyan Efendi13 shared years; highest salary 2,905 kuruş
- Nikola Yunani Efendi13 shared years; highest salary 1,350 kuruş
- Taşçıyan Markar Efendi13 shared years; highest salary 1,300 kuruş
- Acemyan Dikran Efendi13 shared years; highest salary 1,100 kuruş
Same job title, same years
Of the 406 officials with the title Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti in the same years, İstepan Çakmak Efendi had the 224th highest salary.
- Garon Efendi11 shared years; highest salary 1,300 kuruş
- Taşçıyan Markar Efendi11 shared years; highest salary 1,300 kuruş
- Acemyan Dikran Efendi11 shared years; highest salary 1,100 kuruş
- Ahmet Ragıp Efendi11 shared years; highest salary 1,000 kuruş
- Andon İzekiyan Efendi11 shared years; highest salary 1,000 kuruş
All 605 officials with the title Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti
Same school
Of the 263 officials with Millet Mektebi among their schools, İstepan Çakmak Efendi had the 115th highest salary.
- Avram Efendiborn 1871/72 (AH 1288); highest salary 150 kuruş
- Dahan Berhordar Efendiborn 1871/72 (AH 1288); highest salary 750 kuruş
- Halil Fazıl Efendiborn 1871/72 (AH 1288); highest salary 450 kuruş
- Karabet Fikri Efendiborn 1871/72 (AH 1288); highest salary 300 kuruş
- Kosti Efendiborn 1871/72 (AH 1288); highest salary 250 kuruş
Same birthplace
Of the 1,999 officials born in Istanbul, 1,997 have a recorded salary; İstepan Çakmak Efendi had the 986th highest salary of them.
- Ahmet Bahaattin Efendiborn 1871/72 (AH 1288); highest salary 1,500 kuruş
- Ahmet Cevdet Efendiborn 1871/72 (AH 1288); highest salary 900 kuruş
- Ahmet Hamdi Efendiborn 1871/72 (AH 1288); highest salary 210 kuruş
- Ahmet Hamdi Efendiborn 1871/72 (AH 1288); highest salary 300 kuruş
- Ahmet Hulusi Efendiborn 1871/72 (AH 1288); highest salary 700 kuruş
First annual entry in the same year
Of the 102 officials whose first annual entry is for 1890/91 (AH 1308), İstepan Çakmak Efendi had the 57th highest salary.
- Dahan Berhordar Efendifirst entry in Beyoğlu; highest salary 750 kuruş
- Sepoh Basmacıyan Efendifirst entry in Beyoğlu; highest salary 280 kuruş
- Garofalidi Efendifirst entry in Beyoğlu; highest salary 100 kuruş
- Hüseyin Adil Efendifirst entry in Istanbul; highest salary 730 kuruş
- İbrahim Basri Efendifirst entry in Istanbul; highest salary 700 kuruş
Full record
Annual entries (14)
| Year | Title | Place | Kuruş a month | Institution | Source | Archive reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1890/91AH 1308 | Muhabere Memuru | Beyoğlu | 75 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0084_0146; 287 |
| 1891/92AH 1309 | Muhabere Memuru | Beyoğlu | 75 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0084_0146; 287 |
| 1894/95AH 1312 | Muhabere Memuru | Beyoğlu | 100 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0084_0146; 287 |
| 1895/96AH 1313 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Beyoğlu | 150 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0084_0146; 287 |
| 1896/97AH 1314 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Beyoğlu | 200 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0084_0146; 287 |
| 1897/98AH 1315 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Beyoğlu | 225 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0084_0146; 287 |
| 1898/99AH 1316 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Büyükdere | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0084_0146; 287 |
| 1899/1900AH 1317 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Beyoğlu | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0084_0146; 287 |
| 1900/01AH 1318 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Beyoğlu | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0084_0146; 287 |
| 1901/02AH 1319 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Beyoğlu | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0084_0146; 287 |
| 1902/03AH 1320 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Beyoğlu | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0084_0146; 287 |
| 1903/04AH 1321 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Beyoğlu | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0084_0146; 287 |
| 1904/05AH 1322 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Beyoğlu | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0084_0146; 287 |
| 1905/06AH 1323 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Beyoğlu | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0084_0146; 287 |
What the sources named in this table are
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
Sources and original values (14)
| Field | Recorded value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Identity | ||
| Name | İstepan Çakmak Efendi | Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Birth year (AH) | 1288 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Birthplace | dersaadet | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Province of birth | dersaadet | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Father's occupation | Darphane Memuru | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Religion | Hristiyan | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Nationality or community | Ermeni | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Schooling | ||
| School | Millet Mektebi | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Years of schooling | 4 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Years of apprenticeship (mülazemet) | 0 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First work | ||
| First work: year (AH) | 1308 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First work: Gregorian year as stored | 1891 | Recovered annual personnel extract |
| First work: place | istanbul | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First salary field (kuruş a month) | 75 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
What the sources named in this table are
- Earlier annual personnel extract
- The detailed annual personnel file of October 2024. An official found only in this file keeps the years, titles and salaries it gives.
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
- Personnel attributes extract
- The detailed personnel file of September 2025, read for personal details such as birth, schooling and first work.
- Origin of the record: Post and Telegraph personnel records.
- 14 annual entries of 14 belong to the saved estimation sample of the paper.
How to read this record: calendar years, years without an annual entry, salaries and sources.
Subjects
- İstepan Çakmak Efendi
- Post of official for foreign communications (Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti)
- Beyoğlu
- Istanbul (Dersaadet)
- Community school (Millet Mektebi)
- Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)
- Armenian Christian (Ermeni)
- Biography of an Ottoman official (Osmanlı memurunun biyografisi)
- Career and pay (memuriyet ve maaş)
- Ottoman history (Osmanlı tarihi)
- Ottoman bureaucracy (Osmanlı bürokrasisi)
- Ottoman officials (Osmanlı'da memurlar)
- Ottoman personnel registers (Sicill-i Ahvâl defterleri)
- Ottoman registers (Osmanlı defterleri)