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Ottoman BureaucracyPeople, places and careers in Ottoman public service

Official

Mahmut Efendi

Muslim (Müslüman). Born in Istanbul (Dersaadet) in 1840/41 (AH 1256). On record 1886 to 1906, 20 annual entries.

Archive reference 0034_00183; 363

Life

Mahmut Efendi was born in Istanbul in 1840/41 (AH 1256). The record gives the community as Muslim (Müslüman) and the nationality as Turkish.

Schooling recorded: Rüşdiye Mektebi, with 7 years of schooling recorded. The personnel records also mark the telegraph school. The record marks no qualification (diploma, certificate, training or decoration). Languages recorded, with the skill words of the record: Turkish, with Kitabet.

First work is recorded in Istanbul in 1859/60 (AH 1276). The official was then about 19 years old. The record gives 2 years of unpaid apprenticeship (mülazemet) before the first salary. The first-salary field gives 250 kuruş a month. At the first annual entry, in 1886/87, the official was about 47 years old.

The first annual entry, for 1886/87, shows 1. Müdür in Bursa, with 1,200 kuruş a month. In 1890/91 the record shows Mufettis Vekili in Bursa, the salary going from 1,350 to 1,500 kuruş a month (before: 1. Müdür in Bursa). In 1892/93 the record shows Müfettiş in Trabzon, the salary going from 1,500 to 1,200 kuruş a month (before: Mufettis Vekili in Bursa). In 1893/94 the record shows Muhabere Memuru in Istanbul, the salary going from 1,200 to 1,450 kuruş a month (before: Müfettiş in Trabzon). In 1894/95 the record shows Başmuhabere Memuru in Istanbul, the salary going from 1,450 to 1,600 kuruş a month (before: Muhabere Memuru in Istanbul). In 1895/96 the record shows Başmüdür in Hudavendigar, the salary going from 1,600 to 2,500 kuruş a month (before: Başmuhabere Memuru in Istanbul).

The highest salary, 2,500 kuruş a month, is first recorded in 1895/96 as Başmüdür. 97 per cent of the other officials with a recorded salary that year earned less. The median salary of all officials that year was 500 kuruş. Over 20 years with a salary the median is 2,250 kuruş a month, with 5 rises and 2 cuts. The largest rise, 900 kuruş, is seen in 1895/96. From the first salary to the last the salary grew by 3.36 per cent a year on average. The last salary is recorded in 1905/06, when 97 per cent of the other officials with a recorded salary that year earned less.

Record

Personal

Born
1840/41 (AH 1256)
Community
Muslim (Müslüman)
Nationality as recorded
Turkish

Education

Rüşdiye
Rüşdiye Mektebi (7 years)rüşdiye school (middle school)
Higher or professional
Telgraf Mektebitelegraph school; recorded as a code
Unpaid years (mülazemet)
2 years
Preparation route (classification of the paper)
Low
Qualification (diploma, certificate, training or nişan)
No

The years count all schooling up to that school, as the record gives them.

Languages

Turkish
Kitabetwriting

The glosses are cautious historical readings of the recorded words, not modern levels of proficiency.

First work

Year
1859/60 (AH 1276)
First salary field (kuruş a month)
250

Career

Career of Mahmut Efendi, one row per stage
YearsTitlePlaceSalary (kuruş a month)
1859/60AH 1276First workIstanbul (Dersaadet)250first-salary field
1886 to 1890AH 1304 to 13071. Müdür
4 entries
YearSalary
1886/871,200
1887/881,200
1888/891,350
1889/901,350
Bursa1,200 to 1,350
1890 to 1892AH 1308 to 1309Mufettis Vekili
2 entries
YearSalary
1890/911,500
1891/921,500
Bursa1,500
1892/93AH 1310MüfettişTrabzon1,200
1893/94AH 1311Muhabere MemuruIstanbul (Dersaadet)1,450
1894/95AH 1312Başmuhabere MemuruIstanbul (Dersaadet)1,600
1895 to 1906AH 1313 to 1323Başmüdür
11 entries
YearSalary
1895/962,500
1896/972,250
1897/982,250
1898/992,250
1899/19002,250
1900/012,250
1901/022,250
1902/032,250
1903/042,250
1904/052,250
1905/062,250
Hudavendigar2,500 to 2,250
Monthly salary, kuruş
01,0002,0003,0001887/88AH 13051892/93AH 13101897/98AH 13151902/03AH 13202,500 kuruş
Salary against the medians of the same year
2005001,0002,0005,0001887/88AH 13051892/93AH 13101897/98AH 13151902/03AH 1320This officialMedian, all officialsMedian, same title

Log scale: equal steps are equal ratios. The median of the same title is drawn for the years in which at least 5 officials with that title had a salary.

The numbers of the chart
Salary of Mahmut Efendi against the medians of the same year, kuruş a month
YearSalaryMedian, all officialsMedian, same titlePaid less
1886/871,2005001,20087%
1887/881,2005001,20087%
1888/891,3505001,20091%
1889/901,3505001,20092%
1890/911,50050093%
1891/921,50050094%
1892/931,2005002,00090%
1893/941,45050040094%
1894/951,60050060095%
1895/962,5005002,82597%
1896/972,2505002,632.597%
1897/982,2505002,632.597%
1898/992,2505002,61097%
1899/19002,2505002,70098%
1900/012,2505002,61097%
1901/022,2505002,70097%
1902/032,2505002,70097%
1903/042,2504752,65097%
1904/052,2504502,70097%
1905/062,2504752,60097%

Paid less: the share of the other officials with a salary that year who earned less.

Placesbornfirst workannual entries
IstanbulHudavendigarBursaTrabzon

Choose a row to mark its years in the charts and its place on the map.

Recorded with

Recorded in the same place in the same years

662 officials in all. Officials recorded in Hudavendigar

Same school recorded

3,199 officials in all. Officials with Rüşdiye Mektebi recorded

Same birthplace

1,998 officials in all. Officials born in Istanbul (Dersaadet)

Full record

Annual entries (20)

Annual entries of Mahmut Efendi
YearTitlePlaceKuruş a monthInstitutionSourceArchive reference
1886/87AH 13041. MüdürBursa1,200Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0034_00183; 363
1887/88AH 13051. MüdürBursa1,200Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0034_00183; 363
1888/89AH 13061. MüdürBursa1,350Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0034_00183; 363
1889/90AH 13071. MüdürBursa1,350Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0034_00183; 363
1890/91AH 1308Mufettis VekiliBursa1,500Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0034_00183; 363
1891/92AH 1309Mufettis VekiliBursa1,500Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0034_00183; 363
1892/93AH 1310MüfettişTrabzon1,200Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0034_00183; 363
1893/94AH 1311Muhabere MemuruIstanbul (Dersaadet)1,450Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0034_00183; 363
1894/95AH 1312Başmuhabere MemuruIstanbul (Dersaadet)1,600Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0034_00183; 363
1895/96AH 1313BaşmüdürHudavendigar2,500Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0034_00183; 363
1896/97AH 1314BaşmüdürHudavendigar2,250Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0034_00183; 363
1897/98AH 1315BaşmüdürHudavendigar2,250Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0034_00183; 363
1898/99AH 1316BaşmüdürHudavendigar2,250Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0034_00183; 363
1899/1900AH 1317BaşmüdürHudavendigar2,250Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0034_00183; 363
1900/01AH 1318BaşmüdürHudavendigar2,250Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0034_00183; 363
1901/02AH 1319BaşmüdürHudavendigar2,250Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0034_00183; 363
1902/03AH 1320BaşmüdürHudavendigar2,250Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0034_00183; 363
1903/04AH 1321BaşmüdürHudavendigar2,250Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0034_00183; 363
1904/05AH 1322BaşmüdürHudavendigar2,250Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0034_00183; 363
1905/06AH 1323BaşmüdürHudavendigar2,250Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)Recovered annual personnel extract0034_00183; 363
What the sources named in this table are
Recovered annual personnel extract
The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.

Sources and original values (14)

Recorded values of Mahmut Efendi with their sources
FieldRecorded valueSource
Identity
NameMahmut EfendiPersonnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract
Birth year (AH)1256Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract
BirthplacedersaadetRecovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract
Province of birthdersaadetRecovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract
ReligionMuslumanRecovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract
Nationality or communityTurkishRecovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract
Schooling
SchoolRusdiye MektebiRecovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract
Years of schooling7Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract
Telegraph school (recorded code)1Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract
Years of apprenticeship (mülazemet)2Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract
First work
First work: year (AH)1276Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract
First work: Gregorian year as stored1860Recovered annual personnel extract
First work: placeistanbulRecovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract
First salary field (kuruş a month)250Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract
What the sources named in this table are
Earlier annual personnel extract
The detailed annual personnel file of October 2024. An official found only in this file keeps the years, titles and salaries it gives.
Recovered annual personnel extract
The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
Personnel attributes extract
The detailed personnel file of September 2025, read for personal details such as birth, schooling and first work.
  • Origin of the record: Post and Telegraph personnel records.
  • 20 annual entries of 20 belong to the saved estimation sample of the paper.

How to read this record: calendar years, years without an annual entry, salaries and sources.