Official
Ramiz Efendi
Muslim (Müslüman). Born in Istanbul (Dersaadet) in 1853/54 (AH 1270). On record 1869 to 1906, 32 annual entries.
Archive reference 0098_148; 293
Life#
Ramiz Efendi was born in Istanbul in 1853/54 (AH 1270), into the Muslim (Müslüman) community. Work began in Gaza (Gazze) in 1866/67, at about 13, with three unpaid years as a mülazım (apprentice) before a first salary of 400 kuruş. The first annual entry, for 1869/70, places Ramiz in Gaza as a communications official (Muhabere Memuru). Next came Beirut in 1871/72, then a return to Istanbul, the birthplace, from 1874 to 1876. Ramiz then moved to five places in 14 years, then back to Istanbul from 1890 to 1895. The annual lists then follow Ramiz to Galata from 1895 to 1901, with a rise to a post in the custody of the cash chest (Sandık Emaneti) in 1895/96. The last posts were in Yemen from 1903 to 1906, with a rise to Basmudur Baskitabeti. Few officials served in as many provinces; fewer than 3 per cent of the 5,200 officials with a place of service did. Yemen, about 3,200 km from Istanbul, was the post farthest from the birthplace; fewer than 2 per cent of the 5,162 officials with a known birthplace and place of service served as far from home.
Pay rose from 400 kuruş a month in 1869/70 to a peak of 2,000 in 1903/04, as Basmudur Baskitabeti in Yemen, when 96 per cent of paid officials earned less. The final annual entry is for 1905/06.
Places in order of time#
Each number is a stop: the birthplace, the place of first work, then every place of the annual entries in turn. The year beside an arrow is the first entry at the new place.
Born 1853/54 (AH 1270)
First work 1866/67 (AH 1283); 1869 to 1871 (AH 1286 to 1287)
400 to 480 kuruş a month; entries in 2 years
1874 to 1876 (AH 1291 to 1292)
No annual entry for 1872 to 1874 (AH 1289 to 1290) before it.
180 kuruş a month; entries in 2 years
1878 to 1879 (AH 1295 to 1296)
600 kuruş a month; entries in 2 years
1881 to 1883 (AH 1299 to 1300)
No annual entry for 1880/81 (AH 1298) before it.
600 kuruş a month; entries in 2 years
1890 to 1895 (AH 1308 to 1312)
No annual entry for 1889/90 (AH 1307) before it.
675 kuruş a month; entries in 5 years
1903 to 1906 (AH 1321 to 1323)
No annual entry for 1901 to 1903 (AH 1319 to 1320) before it.
2,000 kuruş a month; entries in 3 years
Career and salary#
Log scale: equal steps are equal ratios. The median of the same title is drawn for the years in which at least 5 officials with that title had a salary, and the median of the same province for the years in which at least 5 officials were paid in the province of the official's salary that year.
The numbers of the chart
| Year | Salary | Median, all officials | Median, same title | Median, same province | Paid less |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1869/70 | 400 | 600 | 400 | 600 | 18% |
| 1870/71 | 480 | 600 | 400 | 650 | 37% |
| 1871/72 | 480 | 550 | 400 | 480 | 43% |
| 1874/75 | 180 | 535 | 450 | 522.5 | 6% |
| 1875/76 | 180 | 530 | 400 | 550 | 6% |
| 1876/77 | 600 | 582.5 | 410 | 587.5 | 50% |
| 1877/78 | 600 | 560 | 410 | 600 | 50% |
| 1878 | 600 | 600 | 600 | 400 | 46% |
| 1878/79 | 600 | 600 | 600 | 400 | 47% |
| 1879/80 | 500 | 500 | 380 | 500 | 47% |
| 1881/82 | 600 | 500 | 600 | 600 | 60% |
| 1882/83 | 600 | 500 | 600 | 600 | 59% |
| 1883/84 | 800 | 500 | 800 | 500 | 76% |
| 1884/85 | 800 | 500 | 800 | 500 | 76% |
| 1885/86 | 800 | 500 | 800 | 600 | 77% |
| 1886/87 | 800 | 500 | 800 | 600 | 77% |
| 1887/88 | 800 | 500 | 800 | 600 | 76% |
| 1888/89 | 800 | 500 | 800 | 600 | 77% |
| 1890/91 | 675 | 500 | 500 | 73% | |
| 1891/92 | 675 | 500 | 500 | 73% | |
| 1892/93 | 675 | 500 | 500 | 73% | |
| 1893/94 | 675 | 500 | 480 | 73% | |
| 1894/95 | 675 | 500 | 450 | 74% | |
| 1895/96 | 900 | 500 | 440 | 85% | |
| 1896/97 | 810 | 500 | 425 | 86% | |
| 1897/98 | 810 | 500 | 425 | 87% | |
| 1898/99 | 810 | 500 | 440 | 86% | |
| 1899/1900 | 1,000 | 500 | 450 | 88% | |
| 1900/01 | 1,000 | 500 | 450 | 87% | |
| 1903/04 | 2,000 | 475 | 1,200 | 96% | |
| 1904/05 | 2,000 | 450 | 1,500 | 96% | |
| 1905/06 | 2,000 | 475 | 1,100 | 95% |
Paid less: the share of the other officials with a salary that year who earned less.
Point at a year for its salary, title, place and the median of all officials paid that year. Choose a row of the table to mark its years in the charts and its stop on the map.
| Years | Title | Place | Salary (kuruş a month) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1866/67AH 1283 | First work | Gaza (Gazze) | 400first-salary field |
| 1869 to 1871AH 1286 to 1287 | Muhabere Memuru | Gaza (Gazze) | 400 to 480 |
| 1871/72AH 1288 | Muhabere Memuru | Beirut (Beyrut) | 480 |
| No annual entry: 1872 to 1874 (AH 1289 to 1290) | |||
| 1874 to 1876AH 1291 to 1292 | Muhabere Memuru | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 180 |
| 1876 to 1878AH 1293 to 1294 | Muhabere Memuru | Fener | 600 |
| 1878 to 1879AH 1295 to 1296 | Başmuhabere Memuru | Thessaloniki (Selanik) | 600 |
| 1879/80AH 1297 | Muhabere Memuru | Skopje (Üsküp) | 500 |
| No annual entry: 1880/81 (AH 1298) | |||
| 1881 to 1883AH 1299 to 1300 | 3. Müdür | Louros (Loros) | 600 |
| 1883 to 1889AH 1301 to 1306 | 2. Müdür | Shkodër (İşkodra) | 800 |
| No annual entry: 1889/90 (AH 1307) | |||
| 1890 to 1895AH 1308 to 1312 | Veznadar | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 675 |
| 1895 to 1901AH 1313 to 1318 | Sandık Emaneti | Galata | 900 to 1,000 |
| No annual entry: 1901 to 1903 (AH 1319 to 1320) | |||
| 1903 to 1906AH 1321 to 1323 | Basmudur Baskitabeti | Yemen | 2,000 |
Record#
Personal
- Born
- 1853/54 (AH 1270)
- Birthplace
- Istanbul (Dersaadet)
- Community
- Muslim (Müslüman)
- Nationality as recorded
- Turkish
Education
- Rüşdiye
- Rüşdiye Mektebi (7 years)rüşdiye school (middle school)
- Unpaid years (mülazemet)
- 3 years
- Preparation route (classification of the paper)
- Low
- Qualification (diploma, certificate, training or nişan)
- No
The years count all schooling up to that school, as the record gives them.
Languages
- Turkish
- Kitabetwriting
The glosses are cautious historical readings of the recorded words, not modern levels of proficiency.
First work
- Year
- 1866/67 (AH 1283)
- Place
- Gaza (Gazze)
- First salary field (kuruş a month)
- 400
Legal records
- Legal record note as worded
- Hükumet-i seniyyece ihtilattan men‘ edilerek hapis cezasıyla üç sene mahkumiyetine hükm olunduğundan bin üç yüz yirmi dört senesi şehr-i Ramazanının beşinde 10 Teşrinievvel sene 1322 idareten azledildiği 16 Mayıs sene 1323 tarihli vukuat pusulasında gösterilmiştir.; Zimmet / muhasebesinde zimmeti tahakkuk ve tebeyyün ederek miktar-ı sahihi anlaşılması üzerine azl, Sandık Eminliği vazifesinde müstahdem iken netice-i muhasebesinde zuhur eden on iki bin yedi yüz doksan üç kuruş yirmi iki para zimmetini kable'l-muhakeme tevarih-i muhtelifede teslim-i vezne edilerek kendisinin bir gûne zimmet ve ilişiği kalmadığı cihetle bin üç yüz yirmi bir senesi Muharreminin yirmi dördünde 9 Nisan sene 1319 Meclis-i İdare-i Nezaret kararıyla iki bin kuruş maaşla Yemen Vilayeti Telgraf ve Posta Başmüdüriyeti Başkitabeti'ne bi't-tayin; işret / sarhoş ve müsellah olarak mahalli memuriyet kapılarına azimet edip sebt ve şeth (?) vaziyet ubudiyete yakışmayacak surette fezahat-ı lisaniye istimal eylemesinden dolayı Selanik Vilayeti'nden şikayet üzerine azl olunmuş ve muahharan makam-ı nezarete takdim eylediği istidası madde-i mebhuseden sebeb-i azline; Zimmet; İşret
- Years (AH) with a criminal-record mark in the annual records
- 1308; 1310; 1311; 1312; 1313; 1314; 1315; 1316; 1317; 1318; 1321; 1322; 1323
Recorded with#
Officials who share a place, a job title, a school, a birthplace or the year of the first annual entry. Ranks compare the highest monthly salary of each official.
Same post (job title and place), same years
Of the 2 officials who held 2. Müdür in Shkodër (İşkodra) in the same years, Ramiz Efendi had the highest salary.
- Ahmet Fuat Bey6 shared years; highest salary 1,000 kuruş
Same place, same years
Of the 834 officials with entries in Istanbul in the same years, Ramiz Efendi had the 128th highest salary.
- Hasan Ali Efendi7 shared years; highest salary 15,000 kuruş
- Emil Efendi7 shared years; highest salary 9,000 kuruş
- Salahattin Bey7 shared years; highest salary 7,800 kuruş
- Suleyman Resat Bey7 shared years; highest salary 7,000 kuruş
- Mehmet Hayri Bey7 shared years; highest salary 5,500 kuruş
Same job title, same years
Of the 693 officials with the title Muhabere Memuru in the same years, Ramiz Efendi had the 28th highest salary.
- Süleyman Reşid Efendi8 shared years; highest salary 2,500 kuruş
- Mehmet Ruhi Bey8 shared years; highest salary 1,600 kuruş
- Mehmet Pertev Bey8 shared years; highest salary 1,500 kuruş
- Tahir Efendi8 shared years; highest salary 1,500 kuruş
- Nikola Yunani Efendi8 shared years; highest salary 1,350 kuruş
Same school
Of the 3,206 officials with Rüşdiye Mektebi among their schools, 3,200 have a recorded salary; Ramiz Efendi had the 86th highest salary of them.
- Abdülbaki Efendiborn 1853/54 (AH 1270); highest salary 1,000 kuruş
- Ahmet Naim Efendiborn 1853/54 (AH 1270); highest salary 500 kuruş
- Ahmet Rüştü Efendiborn 1853/54 (AH 1270); highest salary 3,000 kuruş
- Ali Haydar Efendiborn 1853/54 (AH 1270); highest salary 1,500 kuruş
- Feyzullah Zihni Efendiborn 1853/54 (AH 1270); highest salary 400 kuruş
Same birthplace
Of the 1,999 officials born in Istanbul, 1,997 have a recorded salary; Ramiz Efendi had the 139th highest salary of them.
- Agop Maryan Efendiborn 1853/54 (AH 1270); highest salary 750 kuruş
- Ahmet Canib Efendiborn 1853/54 (AH 1270); highest salary 590 kuruş
- Ahmet Naim Efendiborn 1853/54 (AH 1270); highest salary 500 kuruş
- Ali Haydar Efendiborn 1853/54 (AH 1270); highest salary 1,500 kuruş
- Ali Riza Efendiborn 1853/54 (AH 1270); highest salary 600 kuruş
First annual entry in the same year
Of the 116 officials whose first annual entry is for 1869/70 (AH 1286), Ramiz Efendi had the 12th highest salary.
- Ahmet Fehmi Efendifirst entry in Khanaqin (Hanikin); highest salary 1,200 kuruş
- Behor Badur Efendifirst entry in Niš (Niş); highest salary 600 kuruş
- İsmail İsmet Efendifirst entry in Istanbul; highest salary 1,100 kuruş
- Mehmet Tevfik Mazhar Efendifirst entry in Üsküdar; highest salary 1,100 kuruş
- Ahmet Refet Efendifirst entry in Üsküdar; highest salary 3,000 kuruş
All 116 officials whose first annual entry is for 1869/70 (AH 1286)
Full record
Annual entries (32)
| Year | Title | Place | Kuruş a month | Institution | Source | Archive reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1869/70AH 1286 | Muhabere Memuru | Gaza (Gazze) | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0098_148; 293 |
| 1870/71AH 1287 | Muhabere Memuru | Gaza (Gazze) | 480 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0098_148; 293 |
| 1871/72AH 1288 | Muhabere Memuru | Beirut (Beyrut) | 480 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0098_148; 293 |
| 1874/75AH 1291 | Muhabere Memuru | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 180 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0098_148; 293 |
| 1875/76AH 1292 | Muhabere Memuru | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 180 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0098_148; 293 |
| 1876/77AH 1293 | Muhabere Memuru | Fener | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0098_148; 293 |
| 1877/78AH 1294 | Muhabere Memuru | Fener | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0098_148; 293 |
| 1878AH 1295 | Başmuhabere Memuru | Thessaloniki (Selanik) | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0098_148; 293 |
| 1878/79AH 1296 | Başmuhabere Memuru | Thessaloniki (Selanik) | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0098_148; 293 |
| 1879/80AH 1297 | Muhabere Memuru | Skopje (Üsküp) | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0098_148; 293 |
| 1881/82AH 1299 | 3. Müdür | Louros (Loros) | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0098_148; 293 |
| 1882/83AH 1300 | 3. Müdür | Louros (Loros) | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0098_148; 293 |
| 1883/84AH 1301 | 2. Müdür | Shkodër (İşkodra) | 800 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0098_148; 293 |
| 1884/85AH 1302 | 2. Müdür | Shkodër (İşkodra) | 800 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0098_148; 293 |
| 1885/86AH 1303 | 2. Müdür | Shkodër (İşkodra) | 800 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0098_148; 293 |
| 1886/87AH 1304 | 2. Müdür | Shkodër (İşkodra) | 800 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0098_148; 293 |
| 1887/88AH 1305 | 2. Müdür | Shkodër (İşkodra) | 800 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0098_148; 293 |
| 1888/89AH 1306 | 2. Müdür | Shkodër (İşkodra) | 800 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0098_148; 293 |
| 1890/91AH 1308 | Veznadar | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 675 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0098_148; 293 |
| 1891/92AH 1309 | Veznadar | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 675 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0098_148; 293 |
| 1892/93AH 1310 | Veznadar | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 675 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0098_148; 293 |
| 1893/94AH 1311 | Veznadar | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 675 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0098_148; 293 |
| 1894/95AH 1312 | Veznadar | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 675 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0098_148; 293 |
| 1895/96AH 1313 | Sandık Emaneti | Galata | 900 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0098_148; 293 |
| 1896/97AH 1314 | Sandık Emaneti | Galata | 810 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0098_148; 293 |
| 1897/98AH 1315 | Sandık Emaneti | Galata | 810 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0098_148; 293 |
| 1898/99AH 1316 | Sandık Emaneti | Galata | 810 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0098_148; 293 |
| 1899/1900AH 1317 | Sandık Emaneti | Galata | 1,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0098_148; 293 |
| 1900/01AH 1318 | Sandık Emaneti | Galata | 1,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0098_148; 293 |
| 1903/04AH 1321 | Basmudur Baskitabeti | Yemen | 2,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0098_148; 293 |
| 1904/05AH 1322 | Basmudur Baskitabeti | Yemen | 2,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0098_148; 293 |
| 1905/06AH 1323 | Basmudur Baskitabeti | Yemen | 2,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0098_148; 293 |
What the sources named in this table are
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
Sources and original values (19)
| Field | Recorded value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Identity | ||
| Name | Ramiz Efendi | Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Birth year (AH) | 1270 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Birthplace | dersaadet | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Province of birth | dersaadet | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Religion | Musluman | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Nationality or community | Turkish | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Schooling | ||
| School | Rusdiye Mektebi | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Years of schooling | 7 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Years of apprenticeship (mülazemet) | 3 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First work | ||
| First work: year (AH) | 1283 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First work: Gregorian year as stored | 1866 | Recovered annual personnel extract |
| First work: place | Gazze | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First salary field (kuruş a month) | 400 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Legal records | ||
| Legal record note as worded | Hükumet-i seniyyece ihtilattan men‘ edilerek hapis cezasıyla üç sene mahkumiyetine hükm olunduğundan bin üç yüz yirmi dört senesi şehr-i Ramazanının beşinde 10 Teşrinievvel sene 1322 idareten azledildiği 16 Mayıs sene 1323 tarihli vukuat pusulasında gösterilmiştir. used on this page | Legal notes (earlier workbook copy); Legal notes (later workbook copy) |
| Legal record note as worded | Zimmet / muhasebesinde zimmeti tahakkuk ve tebeyyün ederek miktar-ı sahihi anlaşılması üzerine azl, Sandık Eminliği vazifesinde müstahdem iken netice-i muhasebesinde zuhur eden on iki bin yedi yüz doksan üç kuruş yirmi iki para zimmetini kable'l-muhakeme tevarih-i muhtelifede teslim-i vezne edilerek kendisinin bir gûne zimmet ve ilişiği kalmadığı cihetle bin üç yüz yirmi bir senesi Muharreminin yirmi dördünde 9 Nisan sene 1319 Meclis-i İdare-i Nezaret kararıyla iki bin kuruş maaşla Yemen Vilayeti Telgraf ve Posta Başmüdüriyeti Başkitabeti'ne bi't-tayin other value | Legal notes (earlier workbook copy); Legal notes (later workbook copy) |
| Legal record note as worded | işret / sarhoş ve müsellah olarak mahalli memuriyet kapılarına azimet edip sebt ve şeth (?) vaziyet ubudiyete yakışmayacak surette fezahat-ı lisaniye istimal eylemesinden dolayı Selanik Vilayeti'nden şikayet üzerine azl olunmuş ve muahharan makam-ı nezarete takdim eylediği istidası madde-i mebhuseden sebeb-i azline other value | Legal notes (earlier workbook copy); Legal notes (later workbook copy) |
| Legal record note as worded | Zimmet other value | Legal notes (earlier workbook copy); Legal notes (later workbook copy) |
| Legal record note as worded | İşret other value | Legal notes (earlier workbook copy); Legal notes (later workbook copy) |
| Years (AH) with a criminal-record mark in the annual records | 1308; 1310; 1311; 1312; 1313; 1314; 1315; 1316; 1317; 1318; 1321; 1322; 1323 | Later annual personnel extract |
What the sources named in this table are
- Legal notes (earlier workbook copy)
- A workbook of notes on legal records. The wording is kept as written. It may hold an accusation or an acquittal, it is not the finding of a court, and its year is the year of the record, not the date of an event.
- Legal notes (later workbook copy)
- A later copy of the workbook of notes on legal records. The same wording in both copies is one note, not two.
- Later annual personnel extract
- The detailed annual personnel file of October 2025. It marks single annual entries with a criminal-record flag and holds status words such as Vefat. For a death, the year is the year of the annual list in which the status word stands.
- Earlier annual personnel extract
- The detailed annual personnel file of October 2024. An official found only in this file keeps the years, titles and salaries it gives.
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
- Personnel attributes extract
- The detailed personnel file of September 2025, read for personal details such as birth, schooling and first work.
- The sources give more than one value for a marked field. Every value is listed.
- Origin of the record: Post and Telegraph personnel records.
- 31 annual entries of 32 belong to the saved estimation sample of the paper.
How to read this record: calendar years, years without an annual entry, salaries and sources.
Subjects
- Ramiz Efendi
- Communications official (Muhabere Memuru)
- Istanbul (Dersaadet)
- Rüşdiye school (Rüşdiye Mektebi)
- Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)
- Muslim (Müslüman)
- Director of the second grade (2. Müdür)
- Biography of an Ottoman official (Osmanlı memurunun biyografisi)
- Career and pay (memuriyet ve maaş)
- Ottoman history (Osmanlı tarihi)
- Ottoman bureaucracy (Osmanlı bürokrasisi)
- Ottoman officials (Osmanlı'da memurlar)
- Ottoman personnel registers (Sicill-i Ahvâl defterleri)
- Ottoman registers (Osmanlı defterleri)