Official
Mikail Makakyan Efendi
Armenian Christian (Ermeni). Born in Istanbul (Dersaadet) in 1842/43 (AH 1258). On record 1867 to 1905, 39 annual entries.
Archive reference 0099_0024; 45
Life#
Mikail Makakyan Efendi was born in Istanbul in 1842/43 (AH 1258) into the Armenian Christian (Ermeni) community; the father was a tradesman (esnaf). Schooling took nine years, at the Venedik Mektebi; Mikail Makakyan also wrote Armenian, French and Italian. Of the 5,146 officials with a school, 4 studied at Venedik Mektebi.
At about 25, in 1867/68, Mikail Makakyan began work in Istanbul, paid from the start, on 350 kuruş a month. The first annual entry, for 1867/68, places Mikail Makakyan in Istanbul, the birthplace, as a deliverer (Müvezzi), where the entries run to 1875/76. Next came Galata from 1876 to 1881, with a rise to a post in the stamp clerkship (Pul Kitabeti), then a return to Istanbul from 1881 to 1889. Mikail Makakyan then moved to Thessaloniki in 1889/90. From 1890 to 1905 every annual entry places Mikail Makakyan again in Galata, first as an official for outgoing items (Mersule Memuru), from 1897/98 as Mersule Basmemur Muavini. Entries spanning 39 years are rare, reached by fewer than 4 per cent of the 5,211 officials.
The salary went from 350 kuruş a month in 1867/68 to 800 in 1876/77, the peak, in the Pul Kitabeti in Galata, when two in three paid officials earned less. The last annual entry is for 1904/05.
Places in order of time#
Each number is a stop: the birthplace, the place of first work, then every place of the annual entries in turn. The year beside an arrow is the first entry at the new place.
Born 1842/43 (AH 1258); First work 1867/68 (AH 1284); 1867 to 1876 (AH 1284 to 1292)
350 to 550 kuruş a month; entries in 9 years
1881 to 1889 (AH 1299 to 1306)
700 to 800 kuruş a month; entries in 8 years
1890 to 1905 (AH 1308 to 1322)
Mersule Memuru 1890 to 1897 (AH 1308 to 1314); Mersule Basmemur Muavini 1897 to 1905 (AH 1315 to 1322)
500 to 750 kuruş a month; entries in 15 years
Career and salary#
Log scale: equal steps are equal ratios. The median of the same title is drawn for the years in which at least 5 officials with that title had a salary.
The numbers of the chart
| Year | Salary | Median, all officials | Median, same title | Paid less |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1867/68 | 350 | 600 | 13% | |
| 1868/69 | 350 | 600 | 14% | |
| 1869/70 | 550 | 600 | 46% | |
| 1870/71 | 550 | 600 | 250 | 47% |
| 1871/72 | 550 | 550 | 285 | 49% |
| 1872/73 | 550 | 550 | 330 | 49% |
| 1873/74 | 550 | 500 | 330 | 50% |
| 1874/75 | 550 | 535 | 330 | 50% |
| 1875/76 | 550 | 530 | 345 | 50% |
| 1876/77 | 800 | 582.5 | 800 | 67% |
| 1877/78 | 800 | 560 | 800 | 68% |
| 1878 | 800 | 600 | 800 | 65% |
| 1878/79 | 800 | 600 | 66% | |
| 1879/80 | 600 | 500 | 61% | |
| 1880/81 | 700 | 500 | 500 | 71% |
| 1881/82 | 700 | 500 | 500 | 72% |
| 1882/83 | 700 | 500 | 500 | 71% |
| 1883/84 | 700 | 500 | 500 | 71% |
| 1884/85 | 700 | 500 | 500 | 70% |
| 1885/86 | 700 | 500 | 450 | 72% |
| 1886/87 | 700 | 500 | 400 | 72% |
| 1887/88 | 800 | 500 | 500 | 76% |
| 1888/89 | 800 | 500 | 500 | 77% |
| 1889/90 | 800 | 500 | 600 | 78% |
| 1890/91 | 500 | 500 | 262.5 | 43% |
| 1891/92 | 500 | 500 | 300 | 43% |
| 1892/93 | 500 | 500 | 325 | 44% |
| 1893/94 | 500 | 500 | 375 | 46% |
| 1894/95 | 500 | 500 | 280 | 46% |
| 1895/96 | 500 | 500 | 290 | 47% |
| 1896/97 | 500 | 500 | 212.5 | 49% |
| 1897/98 | 650 | 500 | 77% | |
| 1898/99 | 650 | 500 | 76% | |
| 1899/1900 | 650 | 500 | 74% | |
| 1900/01 | 650 | 500 | 73% | |
| 1901/02 | 750 | 500 | 79% | |
| 1902/03 | 750 | 500 | 79% | |
| 1903/04 | 750 | 475 | 79% | |
| 1904/05 | 750 | 450 | 79% |
Paid less: the share of the other officials with a salary that year who earned less.
Point at a year for its salary, title, place and the median of all officials paid that year. Choose a row of the table to mark its years in the charts and its stop on the map.
| Years | Title | Place | Salary (kuruş a month) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1867/68AH 1284 | First work | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 350first-salary field |
| 1867 to 1876AH 1284 to 1292 | Müvezzi | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 350 to 550 |
| 1876 to 1881AH 1293 to 1298 | Pul Kitabeti | Galata | 800 to 700 |
| 1881 to 1889AH 1299 to 1306 | Pul Kitabeti | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 700 to 800 |
| 1889/90AH 1307 | Seyyar Memur | Thessaloniki (Selanik) | 800 |
| 1890 to 1897AH 1308 to 1314 | Mersule Memuru | Galata | 500 |
| 1897 to 1905AH 1315 to 1322 | Mersule Basmemur Muavini | Galata | 650 to 750 |
Record#
Personal
- Born
- 1842/43 (AH 1258)
- Birthplace
- Istanbul (Dersaadet)
- Community
- Armenian Christian (Ermeni)
- Nationality as recorded
- Ermeni
- Father's occupation
- Esnaf
Education
- Foreign school
- Venedik Mektebi (9 years)
- Unpaid years (mülazemet)
- 0 years
- Preparation route (classification of the paper)
- Middle
- Qualification (diploma, certificate, training or nişan)
- No
The years count all schooling up to that school, as the record gives them.
Languages
- Armenian
- Kitabetwriting
- French
- Kitabetwriting
- Italian
- Kitabetwriting
The glosses are cautious historical readings of the recorded words, not modern levels of proficiency.
First work
- Year
- 1867/68 (AH 1284)
- Place
- Istanbul (Dersaadet)
- First salary field (kuruş a month)
- 350
Recorded with#
Officials who share a place, a job title, a school, a birthplace or the year of the first annual entry. Ranks compare the highest monthly salary of each official.
Same place, same years
Of the 118 officials with entries in Galata in the same years, Mikail Makakyan Efendi had the 35th highest salary.
- Şarl Laze Efendi20 shared years; highest salary 1,250 kuruş
- Dikran Arakilyan Efendi19 shared years; highest salary 1,300 kuruş
- Mıgırdıç Tanfiraki18 shared years; highest salary 1,300 kuruş
- Antuvan Kabareciyan Efendi16 shared years; highest salary 700 kuruş
- Ahmet Avni Efendi15 shared years; highest salary 5,000 kuruş
Same job title, same years
Of the 21 officials with the title Pul Kitabeti in the same years, Mikail Makakyan Efendi had the 10th highest salary.
- Mıgırdıç Şinavder Efendi14 shared years; highest salary 500 kuruş
- Hüseyin Besim Efendi11 shared years; highest salary 1,350 kuruş
- Ali Fethi Bey8 shared years; highest salary 1,400 kuruş
- İsmail Şükrü Efendi8 shared years; highest salary 850 kuruş
- Mehmet Galip Efendi6 shared years; highest salary 750 kuruş
Same school
Of the 4 officials with Venedik Mektebi among their schools, Mikail Makakyan Efendi had the lowest salary.
- Şahin Kirkor Efendiborn 1840/41 (AH 1256); highest salary 1,900 kuruş
- Ohannes Abdullah Efendiborn 1845 (AH 1261); highest salary 5,000 kuruş
- Siryus Mişel Efendiborn 1834/35 (AH 1250); highest salary 2,000 kuruş
Same birthplace
Of the 1,999 officials born in Istanbul, 1,997 have a recorded salary; Mikail Makakyan Efendi had the 503rd highest salary of them.
- Abdülkadir Efendiborn 1842/43 (AH 1258); highest salary 600 kuruş
- Abdüllatif Efendiborn 1842/43 (AH 1258); highest salary 1,200 kuruş
- Abdurrahman Zekai Beyborn 1842/43 (AH 1258); highest salary 3,600 kuruş
- Ahmet İsmet Efendiborn 1842/43 (AH 1258); highest salary 4,400 kuruş
- Ahmet Kemalettin Efendiborn 1842/43 (AH 1258); highest salary 800 kuruş
First annual entry in the same year
Of the 73 officials whose first annual entry is for 1867/68 (AH 1284), Mikail Makakyan Efendi had the 37th highest salary.
- Anastasyadi Hristo Efendifirst entry in Istanbul; highest salary 710 kuruş
- Hafiz Mehmet Rustu Efendifirst entry in Istanbul; highest salary 7,000 kuruş
- Nebil Efendifirst entry in Istanbul; highest salary 800 kuruş
- Suleyman Resat Beyfirst entry in Istanbul; highest salary 7,000 kuruş
- İsmail Hakkı Efendifirst entry in Istanbul; highest salary 600 kuruş
Full record
Annual entries (39)
| Year | Title | Place | Kuruş a month | Institution | Source | Archive reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1867/68AH 1284 | Müvezzi | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 350 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0024; 45 |
| 1868/69AH 1285 | Müvezzi | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 350 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0024; 45 |
| 1869/70AH 1286 | Müvezzi | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 550 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0024; 45 |
| 1870/71AH 1287 | Müvezzi | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 550 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0024; 45 |
| 1871/72AH 1288 | Müvezzi | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 550 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0024; 45 |
| 1872/73AH 1289 | Müvezzi | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 550 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0024; 45 |
| 1873/74AH 1290 | Müvezzi | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 550 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0024; 45 |
| 1874/75AH 1291 | Müvezzi | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 550 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0024; 45 |
| 1875/76AH 1292 | Müvezzi | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 550 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0024; 45 |
| 1876/77AH 1293 | Pul Kitabeti | Galata | 800 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0024; 45 |
| 1877/78AH 1294 | Pul Kitabeti | Galata | 800 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0024; 45 |
| 1878AH 1295 | Pul Kitabeti | Galata | 800 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0024; 45 |
| 1878/79AH 1296 | Pul Kitabeti | Galata | 800 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0024; 45 |
| 1879/80AH 1297 | Pul Kitabeti | Galata | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0024; 45 |
| 1880/81AH 1298 | Pul Kitabeti | Galata | 700 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0024; 45 |
| 1881/82AH 1299 | Pul Kitabeti | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 700 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0024; 45 |
| 1882/83AH 1300 | Pul Kitabeti | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 700 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0024; 45 |
| 1883/84AH 1301 | Pul Kitabeti | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 700 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0024; 45 |
| 1884/85AH 1302 | Pul Kitabeti | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 700 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0024; 45 |
| 1885/86AH 1303 | Pul Kitabeti | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 700 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0024; 45 |
| 1886/87AH 1304 | Pul Kitabeti | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 700 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0024; 45 |
| 1887/88AH 1305 | Pul Kitabeti | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 800 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0024; 45 |
| 1888/89AH 1306 | Pul Kitabeti | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 800 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0024; 45 |
| 1889/90AH 1307 | Seyyar Memur | Thessaloniki (Selanik) | 800 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0024; 45 |
| 1890/91AH 1308 | Mersule Memuru | Galata | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0024; 45 |
| 1891/92AH 1309 | Mersule Memuru | Galata | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0024; 45 |
| 1892/93AH 1310 | Mersule Memuru | Galata | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0024; 45 |
| 1893/94AH 1311 | Mersule Memuru | Galata | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0024; 45 |
| 1894/95AH 1312 | Mersule Memuru | Galata | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0024; 45 |
| 1895/96AH 1313 | Mersule Memuru | Galata | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0024; 45 |
| 1896/97AH 1314 | Mersule Memuru | Galata | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0024; 45 |
| 1897/98AH 1315 | Mersule Basmemur Muavini | Galata | 650 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0024; 45 |
| 1898/99AH 1316 | Mersule Basmemur Muavini | Galata | 650 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0024; 45 |
| 1899/1900AH 1317 | Mersule Basmemur Muavini | Galata | 650 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0024; 45 |
| 1900/01AH 1318 | Mersule Basmemur Muavini | Galata | 650 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0024; 45 |
| 1901/02AH 1319 | Mersule Basmemur Muavini | Galata | 750 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0024; 45 |
| 1902/03AH 1320 | Mersule Basmemur Muavini | Galata | 750 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0024; 45 |
| 1903/04AH 1321 | Mersule Basmemur Muavini | Galata | 750 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0024; 45 |
| 1904/05AH 1322 | Mersule Basmemur Muavini | Galata | 750 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0024; 45 |
What the sources named in this table are
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
Sources and original values (14)
| Field | Recorded value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Identity | ||
| Name | Mikail Makakyan Efendi | Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Birth year (AH) | 1258 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Birthplace | dersaadet | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Province of birth | dersaadet | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Father's occupation | esnaf | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Religion | Hristiyan | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Nationality or community | Ermeni | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Schooling | ||
| School | Venedik Mektebi | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Years of schooling | 9 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Years of apprenticeship (mülazemet) | 0 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First work | ||
| First work: year (AH) | 1284 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First work: Gregorian year as stored | 1867 | Recovered annual personnel extract |
| First work: place | istanbul | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First salary field (kuruş a month) | 350 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
What the sources named in this table are
- Earlier annual personnel extract
- The detailed annual personnel file of October 2024. An official found only in this file keeps the years, titles and salaries it gives.
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
- Personnel attributes extract
- The detailed personnel file of September 2025, read for personal details such as birth, schooling and first work.
- Origin of the record: Post and Telegraph personnel records.
- 36 annual entries of 39 belong to the saved estimation sample of the paper.
How to read this record: calendar years, years without an annual entry, salaries and sources.
Subjects
- Mikail Makakyan Efendi
- Stamp clerkship (Pul Kitabeti)
- Galata
- Istanbul (Dersaadet)
- Venedik Mektebi
- Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)
- Armenian Christian (Ermeni)
- Biography of an Ottoman official (Osmanlı memurunun biyografisi)
- Career and pay (memuriyet ve maaş)
- Ottoman history (Osmanlı tarihi)
- Ottoman bureaucracy (Osmanlı bürokrasisi)
- Ottoman officials (Osmanlı'da memurlar)
- Ottoman personnel registers (Sicill-i Ahvâl defterleri)
- Ottoman registers (Osmanlı defterleri)