Official
Mehmet Tevfik Efendi
Muslim (Müslüman). Born in Beirut (Beyrut) in 1849/50 (AH 1266). On record 1867 to 1907, 41 annual entries.
Archive reference 54_245;487
Life#
Born in Beirut (Beyrut) in 1849/50 (AH 1266), Mehmet Tevfik Efendi came from the Muslim (Müslüman) community; the father was a district governor or lieutenant colonel (kaymakam). Schooling took seven years, at a middle school (Rüşdiye Mektebi); Mehmet Tevfik also wrote Turkish and had some knowledge of Arabic.
At about 16, in 1866/67, Mehmet Tevfik began work in Acre (Akka), with one unpaid year as a mülazım (apprentice) before a first salary of 400 kuruş. The annual lists begin in 1867/68, with Mehmet Tevfik as an official (Memur) in Jerusalem (Kudüs). Mehmet Tevfik then moved to four places in 14 years, with a rise to director of the second grade (2. Müdür) in 1874/75, then back to Tripoli from 1881 to 1892. Next came a return to Acre from 1892 to 1904. The last posts were in Aleppo in 1904/05 and Istanbul from 1905 to 1907. Entries spanning 41 years are rare, reached by fewer than 3 per cent of the 5,211 officials.
The salary went from 400 kuruş a month in 1867/68 to 1,100 in 1905/06, the peak, as Başmemur in Istanbul, when nine in ten paid officials earned less. In all, 41 years of salary come to 355,680 kuruş, 1.4 times what an official on the median salary earned in those years. The last annual entry is for 1906/07.
Places in order of time#
Each number is a stop: the birthplace, the place of first work, then every place of the annual entries in turn. The year beside an arrow is the first entry at the new place.
Born 1849/50 (AH 1266)
First work 1866/67 (AH 1283)
1869 to 1874 (AH 1286 to 1290)
Muhabere Memuru 1869 to 1871 (AH 1286 to 1287); Başmuhabere Memuru 1871 to 1874 (AH 1288 to 1290)
400 to 500 kuruş a month; entries in 5 years
Career and salary#
Log scale: equal steps are equal ratios. The median of the same title is drawn for the years in which at least 5 officials with that title had a salary.
The numbers of the chart
| Year | Salary | Median, all officials | Median, same title | Paid less |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1867/68 | 400 | 600 | 400 | 17% |
| 1868/69 | 400 | 600 | 480 | 17% |
| 1869/70 | 400 | 600 | 400 | 18% |
| 1870/71 | 400 | 600 | 400 | 20% |
| 1871/72 | 500 | 550 | 600 | 45% |
| 1872/73 | 500 | 550 | 570 | 44% |
| 1873/74 | 500 | 500 | 570 | 44% |
| 1874/75 | 700 | 535 | 800 | 60% |
| 1875/76 | 700 | 530 | 850 | 61% |
| 1876/77 | 800 | 582.5 | 800 | 67% |
| 1877/78 | 800 | 560 | 800 | 68% |
| 1878 | 800 | 600 | 800 | 65% |
| 1878/79 | 800 | 600 | 800 | 66% |
| 1879/80 | 760 | 500 | 800 | 74% |
| 1880/81 | 760 | 500 | 800 | 74% |
| 1881/82 | 760 | 500 | 800 | 74% |
| 1882/83 | 760 | 500 | 800 | 73% |
| 1883/84 | 760 | 500 | 800 | 73% |
| 1884/85 | 760 | 500 | 800 | 73% |
| 1885/86 | 760 | 500 | 800 | 75% |
| 1886/87 | 760 | 500 | 800 | 75% |
| 1887/88 | 760 | 500 | 800 | 74% |
| 1888/89 | 760 | 500 | 800 | 75% |
| 1889/90 | 760 | 500 | 800 | 76% |
| 1890/91 | 760 | 500 | 800 | 77% |
| 1891/92 | 760 | 500 | 800 | 78% |
| 1892/93 | 800 | 500 | 800 | 80% |
| 1893/94 | 800 | 500 | 800 | 80% |
| 1894/95 | 800 | 500 | 800 | 81% |
| 1895/96 | 800 | 500 | 800 | 80% |
| 1896/97 | 720 | 500 | 765 | 81% |
| 1897/98 | 720 | 500 | 778.5 | 81% |
| 1898/99 | 720 | 500 | 800 | 80% |
| 1899/1900 | 720 | 500 | 783 | 79% |
| 1900/01 | 720 | 500 | 800 | 77% |
| 1901/02 | 720 | 500 | 800 | 77% |
| 1902/03 | 720 | 500 | 800 | 77% |
| 1903/04 | 720 | 475 | 800 | 77% |
| 1904/05 | 900 | 450 | 800 | 84% |
| 1905/06 | 1,100 | 475 | 800 | 89% |
| 1906/07 | 1,100 | 450 | 800 | 89% |
Paid less: the share of the other officials with a salary that year who earned less.
Point at a year for its salary, title, place and the median of all officials paid that year. Choose a row of the table to mark its years in the charts and its stop on the map.
| Years | Title | Place | Salary (kuruş a month) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1866/67AH 1283 | First work | Acre (Akka) | 400first-salary field |
| 1867/68AH 1284 | Memur | Jerusalem (Kudüs) | 400 |
| 1868/69AH 1285 | Muhabere Memuru | Acre (Akka) | 400 |
| 1869 to 1871AH 1286 to 1287 | Muhabere Memuru | Beirut (Beyrut) | 400 |
| 1871 to 1874AH 1288 to 1290 | Başmuhabere Memuru | Beirut (Beyrut) | 500 |
| 1874 to 1876AH 1291 to 1292 | 2. Müdür | Tripoli (Trablusşam) | 700 |
| 1876 to 1881AH 1293 to 1298 | 2. Müdür | Latakia (Lazkiye) | 800 to 760 |
| 1881 to 1892AH 1299 to 1309 | 2. Müdür | Tripoli (Trablusşam) | 760 |
| 1892 to 1904AH 1310 to 1321 | 2. Müdür | Acre (Akka) | 800 to 720 |
| 1904/05AH 1322 | 2. Müdür | Aleppo (Halep) | 900 |
| 1905 to 1907AH 1323 to 1324 | Başmemur | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,100 |
Record#
Personal
- Born
- 1849/50 (AH 1266)
- Birthplace
- Beirut (Beyrut)
- Community
- Muslim (Müslüman)
- Nationality as recorded
- Turkish
- Father's occupation
- Kaymakam
Education
- Rüşdiye
- Rüşdiye Mektebi (7 years)rüşdiye school (middle school)
- Unpaid years (mülazemet)
- 1 year
- Preparation route (classification of the paper)
- Low
- Qualification (diploma, certificate, training or nişan)
- No
The years count all schooling up to that school, as the record gives them.
Languages
- Arabic
- Asinafamiliarity
- Turkish
- Kitabetwriting
The glosses are cautious historical readings of the recorded words, not modern levels of proficiency.
First work
- Year
- 1866/67 (AH 1283)
- Place
- Acre (Akka)
- First salary field (kuruş a month)
- 400
Recorded with#
Officials who share a place, a job title, a school, a birthplace or the year of the first annual entry. Ranks compare the highest monthly salary of each official.
Same place, same years
Of the 25 officials with entries in Acre (Akka) in the same years, Mehmet Tevfik Efendi had the 2nd highest salary.
- Yosef Efendi9 shared years; highest salary 400 kuruş
- Mehmet Bahaettin Efendi6 shared years; highest salary 600 kuruş
- Mehmet Tahsin Efendi6 shared years; highest salary 350 kuruş
- Ömer Lütfi Efendi4 shared years; highest salary 400 kuruş
- Mehmet Şükrü Efendi3 shared years; highest salary 645 kuruş
Same job title, same years
Of the 478 officials with the title 2. Müdür in the same years, Mehmet Tevfik Efendi had the 183rd highest salary.
- Mustafa Sıdkı Efendi32 shared years; highest salary 1,000 kuruş
- Salih Sabri Efendi31 shared years; highest salary 1,000 kuruş
- Hüseyin Rüştü Efendi30 shared years; highest salary 1,000 kuruş
- Mehmet Nakip Efendi30 shared years; highest salary 1,000 kuruş
- Mehmet İzzet Efendi27 shared years; highest salary 1,000 kuruş
Same school
Of the 3,206 officials with Rüşdiye Mektebi among their schools, 3,200 have a recorded salary; Mehmet Tevfik Efendi had the 262nd highest salary of them.
- Abdulvahab Efendiborn 1849/50 (AH 1266); highest salary 500 kuruş
- Ahmet Cemal Efendiborn 1849/50 (AH 1266); highest salary 760 kuruş
- Ahmet Halit Efendiborn 1849/50 (AH 1266); highest salary 720 kuruş
- Ahmet Latif Efendiborn 1849/50 (AH 1266); highest salary 800 kuruş
- Ahmet Recai Efendiborn 1849/50 (AH 1266); highest salary 500 kuruş
Same birthplace
Of the 51 officials born in Beirut (Beyrut), Mehmet Tevfik Efendi had the 7th highest salary.
- Abdullah Efendiborn 1850/51 (AH 1267); highest salary 850 kuruş
- Yusuf Yaşar Sabit Efendiborn 1847/48 (AH 1264); highest salary 400 kuruş
- İskender Efendiborn 1851/52 (AH 1268); highest salary 1,500 kuruş
- Yusuf Raci Efendiborn 1851/52 (AH 1268); highest salary 1,500 kuruş
- Hızır Abbas Efendiborn 1846/47 (AH 1263); highest salary 2,500 kuruş
The page of Beirut (Beyrut), with the 51 officials born there
First annual entry in the same year
Of the 73 officials whose first annual entry is for 1867/68 (AH 1284), Mehmet Tevfik Efendi had the 23rd highest salary.
- Hafiz Hasan Efendifirst entry in Istanbul; highest salary 3,000 kuruş
- Kapril Efendifirst entry in Istanbul; highest salary 3,000 kuruş
- Mehmet Raif Efendifirst entry in Edirne; highest salary 800 kuruş
- Seyyit Ahmet Naci Efendifirst entry in Varna; highest salary 500 kuruş
- Ahmed Rıfat Efendifirst entry in Çankırı; highest salary 1,200 kuruş
Full record
Annual entries (41)
| Year | Title | Place | Kuruş a month | Institution | Source | Archive reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1867/68AH 1284 | Memur | Jerusalem (Kudüs) | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_245;487 |
| 1868/69AH 1285 | Muhabere Memuru | Acre (Akka) | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_245;487 |
| 1869/70AH 1286 | Muhabere Memuru | Beirut (Beyrut) | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_245;487 |
| 1870/71AH 1287 | Muhabere Memuru | Beirut (Beyrut) | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_245;487 |
| 1871/72AH 1288 | Başmuhabere Memuru | Beirut (Beyrut) | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_245;487 |
| 1872/73AH 1289 | Başmuhabere Memuru | Beirut (Beyrut) | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_245;487 |
| 1873/74AH 1290 | Başmuhabere Memuru | Beirut (Beyrut) | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_245;487 |
| 1874/75AH 1291 | 2. Müdür | Tripoli (Trablusşam) | 700 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_245;487 |
| 1875/76AH 1292 | 2. Müdür | Tripoli (Trablusşam) | 700 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_245;487 |
| 1876/77AH 1293 | 2. Müdür | Latakia (Lazkiye) | 800 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_245;487 |
| 1877/78AH 1294 | 2. Müdür | Latakia (Lazkiye) | 800 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_245;487 |
| 1878AH 1295 | 2. Müdür | Latakia (Lazkiye) | 800 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_245;487 |
| 1878/79AH 1296 | 2. Müdür | Latakia (Lazkiye) | 800 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_245;487 |
| 1879/80AH 1297 | 2. Müdür | Latakia (Lazkiye) | 760 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_245;487 |
| 1880/81AH 1298 | 2. Müdür | Latakia (Lazkiye) | 760 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_245;487 |
| 1881/82AH 1299 | 2. Müdür | Tripoli (Trablusşam) | 760 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_245;487 |
| 1882/83AH 1300 | 2. Müdür | Tripoli (Trablusşam) | 760 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_245;487 |
| 1883/84AH 1301 | 2. Müdür | Tripoli (Trablusşam) | 760 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_245;487 |
| 1884/85AH 1302 | 2. Müdür | Tripoli (Trablusşam) | 760 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_245;487 |
| 1885/86AH 1303 | 2. Müdür | Tripoli (Trablusşam) | 760 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_245;487 |
| 1886/87AH 1304 | 2. Müdür | Tripoli (Trablusşam) | 760 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_245;487 |
| 1887/88AH 1305 | 2. Müdür | Tripoli (Trablusşam) | 760 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_245;487 |
| 1888/89AH 1306 | 2. Müdür | Tripoli (Trablusşam) | 760 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_245;487 |
| 1889/90AH 1307 | 2. Müdür | Tripoli (Trablusşam) | 760 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_245;487 |
| 1890/91AH 1308 | 2. Müdür | Tripoli (Trablusşam) | 760 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_245;487 |
| 1891/92AH 1309 | 2. Müdür | Tripoli (Trablusşam) | 760 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_245;487 |
| 1892/93AH 1310 | 2. Müdür | Acre (Akka) | 800 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_245;487 |
| 1893/94AH 1311 | 2. Müdür | Acre (Akka) | 800 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_245;487 |
| 1894/95AH 1312 | 2. Müdür | Acre (Akka) | 800 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_245;487 |
| 1895/96AH 1313 | 2. Müdür | Acre (Akka) | 800 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_245;487 |
| 1896/97AH 1314 | 2. Müdür | Acre (Akka) | 720 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_245;487 |
| 1897/98AH 1315 | 2. Müdür | Acre (Akka) | 720 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_245;487 |
| 1898/99AH 1316 | 2. Müdür | Acre (Akka) | 720 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_245;487 |
| 1899/1900AH 1317 | 2. Müdür | Acre (Akka) | 720 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_245;487 |
| 1900/01AH 1318 | 2. Müdür | Acre (Akka) | 720 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_245;487 |
| 1901/02AH 1319 | 2. Müdür | Acre (Akka) | 720 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_245;487 |
| 1902/03AH 1320 | 2. Müdür | Acre (Akka) | 720 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_245;487 |
| 1903/04AH 1321 | 2. Müdür | Acre (Akka) | 720 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_245;487 |
| 1904/05AH 1322 | 2. Müdür | Aleppo (Halep) | 900 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_245;487 |
| 1905/06AH 1323 | Başmemur | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,100 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_245;487 |
| 1906/07AH 1324 | Başmemur | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,100 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_245;487 |
What the sources named in this table are
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
Sources and original values (14)
| Field | Recorded value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Identity | ||
| Name | Mehmet Tevfik Efendi | Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Birth year (AH) | 1266 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Birthplace | beyrut | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Province of birth | beyrut | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Father's occupation | Kaymakam | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Religion | Musluman | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Nationality or community | Turkish | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Schooling | ||
| School | Rusdiye Mektebi | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Years of schooling | 7 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Years of apprenticeship (mülazemet) | 1 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First work | ||
| First work: year (AH) | 1283 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First work: Gregorian year as stored | 1866 | Recovered annual personnel extract |
| First work: place | Akka | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First salary field (kuruş a month) | 400 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
What the sources named in this table are
- Earlier annual personnel extract
- The detailed annual personnel file of October 2024. An official found only in this file keeps the years, titles and salaries it gives.
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
- Personnel attributes extract
- The detailed personnel file of September 2025, read for personal details such as birth, schooling and first work.
- Origin of the record: Post and Telegraph personnel records.
- 37 annual entries of 41 belong to the saved estimation sample of the paper.
How to read this record: calendar years, years without an annual entry, salaries and sources.
Subjects
- Mehmet Tevfik Efendi
- Director of the second grade (2. Müdür)
- Acre (Akka)
- Beirut (Beyrut)
- Rüşdiye school (Rüşdiye Mektebi)
- Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)
- Muslim (Müslüman)
- Biography of an Ottoman official (Osmanlı memurunun biyografisi)
- Career and pay (memuriyet ve maaş)
- Ottoman history (Osmanlı tarihi)
- Ottoman bureaucracy (Osmanlı bürokrasisi)
- Ottoman officials (Osmanlı'da memurlar)
- Ottoman personnel registers (Sicill-i Ahvâl defterleri)
- Ottoman registers (Osmanlı defterleri)