Official
Todoraki Efendi
Greek Orthodox Christian (Rum). Born in Istanbul (Dersaadet) in 1873/74 (AH 1290). On record 1894 to 1906, 11 annual entries.
Archive reference 0086_0137: 269
Life#
Todoraki Efendi was born in Istanbul in 1873/74 (AH 1290), into the Greek Orthodox Christian (Rum) community. Schooling took seven years, at a French school (Fransız Mektebi); Todoraki also wrote French as well as Turkish.
At about 19, in 1892/93, Todoraki began work in Edirne, with two unpaid years as a mülazım (apprentice) before a first salary of 400 kuruş. The first annual entry, for 1894/95, places Todoraki in Svilengrad (Cisr-i Mustafapaşa) as a communications official (Muhabere Memuru). Next came six places in eight years, from Edirne to Suakin (Sevakin). The last posts were in Izmir (İzmir) from 1904 to 1906. Few officials served on three continents (Africa, Asia and Europe); fewer than 2 per cent of the 5,200 officials with a place of service did. Suakin, about 2,550 km from Istanbul, was the post farthest from the birthplace; fewer than 4 per cent of the 5,162 officials with a known birthplace and place of service served as far from home.
The salary went from 400 kuruş a month in 1894/95 to 900 in 1902/03, the peak, in the stamp clerkship (Pul Kitabeti) in Suakin, when 84 per cent of paid officials earned less. The last annual entry is for 1905/06.
Places in order of time#
Each number is a stop: the birthplace, the place of first work, then every place of the annual entries in turn. The year beside an arrow is the first entry at the new place.
Born 1873/74 (AH 1290)
First work 1892/93 (AH 1310)
1896/97 (AH 1314)
No annual entry for 1895/96 (AH 1313) before it.
400 kuruş a month; entries in 1 year
1904 to 1906 (AH 1322 to 1323)
Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti
400 to 445 kuruş a month; entries in 2 years
Career and salary#
Log scale: equal steps are equal ratios. The median of the same title is drawn for the years in which at least 5 officials with that title had a salary.
The numbers of the chart
| Year | Salary | Median, all officials | Median, same title | Paid less |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1894/95 | 400 | 500 | 400 | 30% |
| 1896/97 | 400 | 500 | 300 | 32% |
| 1897/98 | 400 | 500 | 220 | 32% |
| 1898/99 | 400 | 500 | 300 | 31% |
| 1899/1900 | 400 | 500 | 375 | 31% |
| 1900/01 | 400 | 500 | 400 | 31% |
| 1901/02 | 400 | 500 | 400 | 32% |
| 1902/03 | 900 | 500 | 400 | 84% |
| 1903/04 | 900 | 475 | 400 | 84% |
| 1904/05 | 400 | 450 | 455 | 38% |
| 1905/06 | 445 | 475 | 445 | 47% |
Paid less: the share of the other officials with a salary that year who earned less.
Point at a year for its salary, title, place and the median of all officials paid that year. Choose a row of the table to mark its years in the charts and its stop on the map.
| Years | Title | Place | Salary (kuruş a month) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1892/93AH 1310 | First work | Edirne | 400first-salary field |
| 1894/95AH 1312 | Muhabere Memuru | Svilengrad (Cisr-i Mustafapaşa) | 400 |
| No annual entry: 1895/96 (AH 1313) | |||
| 1896/97AH 1314 | Pul Kitabeti | Edirne | 400 |
| 1897 to 1899AH 1315 to 1316 | Pul Kitabeti | Komotini (Gümülcine) | 400 |
| 1899/1900AH 1317 | Pul Kitabeti | Kardzhali (Kırcaali) | 400 |
| 1900/01AH 1318 | Pul Kitabeti | Alexandroupoli (Dedeağaç) | 400 |
| 1901/02AH 1319 | Pul Kitabeti | Beirut (Beyrut) | 400 |
| 1902 to 1904AH 1320 to 1321 | Pul Kitabeti | Suakin (Sevakin) | 900 |
| 1904 to 1906AH 1322 to 1323 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Izmir (İzmir) | 400 to 445 |
Record#
Personal
- Born
- 1873/74 (AH 1290)
- Birthplace
- Istanbul (Dersaadet)
- Community
- Greek Orthodox Christian (Rum)
- Nationality as recorded
- Rum
Education
- Foreign school
- Fransız Mektebi (7 years)French school
- Unpaid years (mülazemet)
- 2 years
- Preparation route (classification of the paper)
- Low
- Qualification (diploma, certificate, training or nişan)
- No
The years count all schooling up to that school, as the record gives them.
Languages
- French
- Kitabetwriting
- Turkish
- Kitabetwriting
The glosses are cautious historical readings of the recorded words, not modern levels of proficiency.
First work
- Year
- 1892/93 (AH 1310)
- Place
- Edirne
- First salary field (kuruş a month)
- 400
Recorded with#
Officials who share a place, a job title, a school, a birthplace or the year of the first annual entry. Ranks compare the highest monthly salary of each official.
Same place, same years
Of the 6 officials with entries in Komotini (Gümülcine) in the same years, Todoraki Efendi had the highest salary.
- Ahmet Hilmi Efendi2 shared years; highest salary 675 kuruş
- Fransuva Efendi2 shared years; highest salary 495 kuruş
- Ali Rıza Efendi1 shared year; highest salary 500 kuruş
- Mehmet Şükrü Efendi1 shared year; highest salary 450 kuruş
- Hafız İsmail Edendi1 shared year; highest salary 300 kuruş
Same job title, same years
Of the 34 officials with the title Pul Kitabeti in the same years, Todoraki Efendi had the 2nd highest salary.
- Mehmet Emin Efendi8 shared years; highest salary 550 kuruş
- Mustafa Lütfi Efendi8 shared years; highest salary 500 kuruş
- Rıfat Efendi8 shared years; highest salary 500 kuruş
- Ali Nuri Efendi8 shared years; highest salary 440 kuruş
- Şakir Efendi8 shared years; highest salary 400 kuruş
Same school
Of the 63 officials with Fransız Mektebi among their schools, Todoraki Efendi had the 20th highest salary.
- Yorgi Efendiborn 1873/74 (AH 1290); highest salary 515 kuruş
- Benakulaki Mafridi Efendiborn 1871/72 (AH 1288); highest salary 600 kuruş
- Hanna Yanko Efendiborn 1875/76 (AH 1292); highest salary 300 kuruş
- Hasan Efendiborn 1870/71 (AH 1287); highest salary 300 kuruş
- Emil Galbar Efendiborn 1877/78 (AH 1294); highest salary 225 kuruş
Same birthplace
Of the 1,999 officials born in Istanbul, 1,997 have a recorded salary; Todoraki Efendi had the 457th highest salary of them.
- Abdullah Zühdü Efendiborn 1873/74 (AH 1290); highest salary 400 kuruş
- Abdülvahap Efendiborn 1873/74 (AH 1290); highest salary 750 kuruş
- Abdürrahim Haşim Efendiborn 1873/74 (AH 1290); highest salary 750 kuruş
- Ahmet Efendiborn 1873/74 (AH 1290); highest salary 100 kuruş
- Ahmet Fuat Efendiborn 1873/74 (AH 1290); highest salary 800 kuruş
First annual entry in the same year
Of the 173 officials whose first annual entry is for 1894/95 (AH 1312), Todoraki Efendi had the 20th highest salary.
- Abdülkerim Efendifirst entry in Bitola (Manastır); highest salary 675 kuruş
- Ahmet Fuat Efendifirst entry in Geyve; highest salary 800 kuruş
- Ahmet Vehbi Efendifirst entry in Istanbul; highest salary 350 kuruş
- Ali Cemal Efendifirst entry in Alacahan; highest salary 500 kuruş
- Bekir Sıtkı Efendifirst entry in Heraklion (Kandiye); highest salary 800 kuruş
Full record
Annual entries (11)
| Year | Title | Place | Kuruş a month | Institution | Source | Archive reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1894/95AH 1312 | Muhabere Memuru | Svilengrad (Cisr-i Mustafapaşa) | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0086_0137: 269 |
| 1896/97AH 1314 | Pul Kitabeti | Edirne | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0086_0137: 269 |
| 1897/98AH 1315 | Pul Kitabeti | Komotini (Gümülcine) | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0086_0137: 269 |
| 1898/99AH 1316 | Pul Kitabeti | Komotini (Gümülcine) | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0086_0137: 269 |
| 1899/1900AH 1317 | Pul Kitabeti | Kardzhali (Kırcaali) | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0086_0137: 269 |
| 1900/01AH 1318 | Pul Kitabeti | Alexandroupoli (Dedeağaç) | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0086_0137: 269 |
| 1901/02AH 1319 | Pul Kitabeti | Beirut (Beyrut) | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0086_0137: 269 |
| 1902/03AH 1320 | Pul Kitabeti | Suakin (Sevakin) | 900 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0086_0137: 269 |
| 1903/04AH 1321 | Pul Kitabeti | Suakin (Sevakin) | 900 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0086_0137: 269 |
| 1904/05AH 1322 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Izmir (İzmir) | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0086_0137: 269 |
| 1905/06AH 1323 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Izmir (İzmir) | 445 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0086_0137: 269 |
What the sources named in this table are
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
Sources and original values (13)
| Field | Recorded value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Identity | ||
| Name | Todoraki Efendi | Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Birth year (AH) | 1290 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Birthplace | dersaadet | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Province of birth | dersaadet | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Religion | Hristiyan | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Nationality or community | Rum | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Schooling | ||
| School | Fransiz Mektebi | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Years of schooling | 7 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Years of apprenticeship (mülazemet) | 2 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First work | ||
| First work: year (AH) | 1310 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First work: Gregorian year as stored | 1892 | Recovered annual personnel extract |
| First work: place | Edirne | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First salary field (kuruş a month) | 400 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
What the sources named in this table are
- Earlier annual personnel extract
- The detailed annual personnel file of October 2024. An official found only in this file keeps the years, titles and salaries it gives.
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
- Personnel attributes extract
- The detailed personnel file of September 2025, read for personal details such as birth, schooling and first work.
- Origin of the record: Post and Telegraph personnel records.
- 11 annual entries of 11 belong to the saved estimation sample of the paper.
How to read this record: calendar years, years without an annual entry, salaries and sources.
Subjects
- Todoraki Efendi
- Stamp clerkship (Pul Kitabeti)
- Komotini (Gümülcine)
- Istanbul (Dersaadet)
- French school (Fransız Mektebi)
- Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)
- Greek Orthodox Christian (Rum)
- Biography of an Ottoman official (Osmanlı memurunun biyografisi)
- Career and pay (memuriyet ve maaş)
- Ottoman history (Osmanlı tarihi)
- Ottoman bureaucracy (Osmanlı bürokrasisi)
- Ottoman officials (Osmanlı'da memurlar)
- Ottoman personnel registers (Sicill-i Ahvâl defterleri)
- Ottoman registers (Osmanlı defterleri)