Official
Zülfikar Fethi Efendi
Muslim (Müslüman). Born in Diyarbakır in 1846/47 (AH 1263). On record 1870 to 1904, 34 annual entries. Death recorded 1904/05.
Archive reference 0099_0048; 93
Life#
Zülfikar Fethi Efendi was born in Diyarbakır in 1846/47 (AH 1263) into the Muslim (Müslüman) community; the father was a tradesman (esnaf). Schooling took four years, at a school for young children (Sıbyan Mektebi); Zülfikar Fethi also wrote Turkish and spoke Arabic and Persian.
Work began in Diyarbakır in 1868/69, at about 21, with two unpaid years as a mülazım (apprentice) before a first salary of 300 kuruş. The annual lists begin in 1870/71, with Zülfikar Fethi as a communications official (Muhabere Memuru) in Mardin. Zülfikar Fethi then moved to Diyarbakır and Malatya from 1871 to 1874, then back to Diyarbakır from 1874 to 1880. Next came a return to Mardin from 1880 to 1892, then Silvan from 1892 to 1898. The last posts were in Van from 1898 to 1904. Fewer than 7 per cent of the 775 officials whose entries span 30 years or more kept one title throughout.
Pay rose from 300 kuruş a month in 1870/71 to a peak of 720 in 1898/99, as Muhabere Memuru in Van, when four in five paid officials earned less. In all, 34 years of salary come to 185,640 kuruş, 88 per cent of what an official on the median salary earned in those years. After the last annual entry, for 1903/04, the list of 1904/05 (AH 1322) gives the status word Vefat (death).
Places in order of time#
Each number is a stop: the birthplace, the place of first work, then every place of the annual entries in turn. The year beside an arrow is the first entry at the new place.
Born 1846/47 (AH 1263); First work 1868/69 (AH 1285)
1874 to 1880 (AH 1291 to 1297)
400 kuruş a month; entries in 6 years
No annual entry for 1878/79 (AH 1296).
Death recorded in the annual list of 1904/05 (AH 1322): the word Vefat, not a date of death.
Career and salary#
Log scale: equal steps are equal ratios. The median of the same title is drawn for the years in which at least 5 officials with that title had a salary, and the median of the same province for the years in which at least 5 officials were paid in the province of the official's salary that year.
The numbers of the chart
| Year | Salary | Median, all officials | Median, same title | Median, same province | Paid less |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1870/71 | 300 | 600 | 400 | 600 | 12% |
| 1871/72 | 285 | 550 | 400 | 500 | 11% |
| 1872/73 | 285 | 550 | 400 | 455 | 9% |
| 1873/74 | 380 | 500 | 400 | 18% | |
| 1874/75 | 400 | 535 | 450 | 450 | 23% |
| 1875/76 | 400 | 530 | 400 | 450 | 23% |
| 1876/77 | 400 | 582.5 | 410 | 400 | 17% |
| 1877/78 | 400 | 560 | 410 | 400 | 16% |
| 1878 | 400 | 600 | 500 | 400 | 17% |
| 1879/80 | 400 | 500 | 380 | 400 | 35% |
| 1880/81 | 400 | 500 | 400 | 475 | 34% |
| 1881/82 | 400 | 500 | 400 | 475 | 31% |
| 1882/83 | 400 | 500 | 400 | 462.5 | 28% |
| 1883/84 | 400 | 500 | 400 | 500 | 27% |
| 1884/85 | 400 | 500 | 400 | 500 | 27% |
| 1885/86 | 400 | 500 | 400 | 475 | 27% |
| 1886/87 | 400 | 500 | 400 | 475 | 27% |
| 1887/88 | 400 | 500 | 400 | 500 | 27% |
| 1888/89 | 400 | 500 | 400 | 500 | 27% |
| 1889/90 | 400 | 500 | 400 | 500 | 27% |
| 1890/91 | 400 | 500 | 400 | 500 | 28% |
| 1891/92 | 400 | 500 | 400 | 500 | 29% |
| 1892/93 | 450 | 500 | 400 | 500 | 41% |
| 1893/94 | 450 | 500 | 400 | 500 | 42% |
| 1894/95 | 450 | 500 | 400 | 500 | 43% |
| 1895/96 | 450 | 500 | 400 | 500 | 43% |
| 1896/97 | 450 | 500 | 400 | 495 | 44% |
| 1897/98 | 450 | 500 | 400 | 400 | 45% |
| 1898/99 | 720 | 500 | 400 | 540 | 80% |
| 1899/1900 | 720 | 500 | 400 | 500 | 79% |
| 1900/01 | 720 | 500 | 400 | 500 | 77% |
| 1901/02 | 720 | 500 | 400 | 500 | 77% |
| 1902/03 | 720 | 500 | 380 | 500 | 77% |
| 1903/04 | 720 | 475 | 350 | 500 | 77% |
Paid less: the share of the other officials with a salary that year who earned less.
Point at a year for its salary, title, place and the median of all officials paid that year. Choose a row of the table to mark its years in the charts and its stop on the map.
| Years | Title | Place | Salary (kuruş a month) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1868/69AH 1285 | First work | Diyarbakır | 300first-salary field |
| 1870/71AH 1287 | Muhabere Memuru | Mardin | 300 |
| 1871 to 1873AH 1288 to 1289 | Muhabere Memuru | Diyarbakır | 285 |
| 1873/74AH 1290 | Muhabere Memuru | Malatya | 380 |
| 1874 to 1878AH 1291 to 1295 | Muhabere Memuru | Diyarbakır | 400 |
| No annual entry: 1878/79 (AH 1296) | |||
| 1879/80AH 1297 | Muhabere Memuru | Diyarbakır | 400 |
| 1880 to 1892AH 1298 to 1309 | Muhabere Memuru | Mardin | 400 |
| 1892 to 1898AH 1310 to 1315 | Muhabere Memuru | Silvan | 450 |
| 1898 to 1904AH 1316 to 1321 | Muhabere Memuru | Van | 720 |
| 1904/05AH 1322 | Death recorded | ||
Record#
Personal
- Born
- 1846/47 (AH 1263)
- Birthplace
- Diyarbakır
- Community
- Muslim (Müslüman)
- Nationality as recorded
- Turkish
- Father's occupation
- Esnaf
- Death recorded
- 1904/05 (AH 1322)the year of the annual list with the word Vefat, not a date of death
Education
- Primary
- Sıbyan Mektebi (4 years)school for young children (primary school)
- Unpaid years (mülazemet)
- 2 years
- Preparation route (classification of the paper)
- Low
- Qualification (diploma, certificate, training or nişan)
- NoShown as in the flag of the paper. The qualification column of the recovered extract gives yes.
The years count all schooling up to that school, as the record gives them.
Languages
- Arabic
- Tekellumspeaking
- Persian
- Tekellumspeaking
- Turkish
- Kitabetwriting
The glosses are cautious historical readings of the recorded words, not modern levels of proficiency.
First work
- Year
- 1868/69 (AH 1285)
- Place
- Diyarbakır
- First salary field (kuruş a month)
- 300
Recorded with#
Officials who share a place, a job title, a school, a birthplace or the year of the first annual entry. Ranks compare the highest monthly salary of each official.
Same post (job title and place), same years
Of the 3 officials who held Muhabere Memuru in Mardin in the same years, Zülfikar Fethi Efendi had the highest salary.
- Mehmet Faik Efendi11 shared years; highest salary 600 kuruş
- Unnamed official (0087_0095, sayfa no:187.)1 shared year; highest salary 500 kuruş
Same place, same years
Of the 4 officials with entries in Mardin in the same years, Zülfikar Fethi Efendi had the 2nd highest salary.
- Mehmet Faik Efendi11 shared years; highest salary 600 kuruş
- Mustafa İsmet Efendi8 shared years; highest salary 1,000 kuruş
- Unnamed official (0087_0095, sayfa no:187.)1 shared year; highest salary 500 kuruş
Same job title, same years
Of the 2,507 officials with the title Muhabere Memuru in the same years, Zülfikar Fethi Efendi had the 726th highest salary.
- Nikola Yunani Efendi34 shared years; highest salary 1,350 kuruş
- Şarl Laze Efendi34 shared years; highest salary 1,250 kuruş
- Unnamed official (23_38; 73)34 shared years; highest salary 800 kuruş
- Ahmet Safvet Efendi34 shared years; highest salary 700 kuruş
- Mehmet Nazım Efendi33 shared years; highest salary 1,300 kuruş
Same school
Of the 746 officials with Sıbyan Mektebi among their schools, 745 have a recorded salary; Zülfikar Fethi Efendi had the 349th highest salary of them.
- Ahmed Muhtar Efendiborn 1846/47 (AH 1263); highest salary 1,000 kuruş
- Ahmet Faik Efendiborn 1846/47 (AH 1263); highest salary 1,170 kuruş
- Ahmet Hamdi Efendiborn 1846/47 (AH 1263); highest salary 500 kuruş
- Ahmet Şevki Efendiborn 1846/47 (AH 1263); highest salary 600 kuruş
- Ahmet Tevfik Efendiborn 1846/47 (AH 1263); highest salary 500 kuruş
Same birthplace
Of the 72 officials born in Diyarbakır, Zülfikar Fethi Efendi had the 18th highest salary.
- Hasan Zuhdu Beyborn 1845/46 (AH 1262); highest salary 2,100 kuruş
- Mahmut Nüzhet Efendiborn 1845/46 (AH 1262); highest salary 800 kuruş
- Mustafa Vasfi Efendiborn 1845/46 (AH 1262); highest salary 7,500 kuruş
- Ohannes Gazazyan Efendiborn 1845/46 (AH 1262); highest salary 1,120 kuruş
- Mehmet Faik Efendiborn 1847/48 (AH 1264); highest salary 600 kuruş
First annual entry in the same year
Of the 66 officials whose first annual entry is for 1870/71 (AH 1287), Zülfikar Fethi Efendi had the 45th highest salary.
- Mehmet Vehbi Efendifirst entry in Istanbul; highest salary 6,400 kuruş
- Aristidi Efendifirst entry in Bitola (Manastır); highest salary 600 kuruş
- David Efendifirst entry in Istanbul; highest salary 975 kuruş
- Hasan Kamil Efendifirst entry in Araç; highest salary 400 kuruş
- Osman Ferit Efendifirst entry in Erzurum; highest salary 1,600 kuruş
All 66 officials whose first annual entry is for 1870/71 (AH 1287)
Full record
Annual entries (34)
| Year | Title | Place | Kuruş a month | Institution | Source | Archive reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1870/71AH 1287 | Muhabere Memuru | Mardin | 300 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0048; 93 |
| 1871/72AH 1288 | Muhabere Memuru | Diyarbakır | 285 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0048; 93 |
| 1872/73AH 1289 | Muhabere Memuru | Diyarbakır | 285 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0048; 93 |
| 1873/74AH 1290 | Muhabere Memuru | Malatya | 380 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0048; 93 |
| 1874/75AH 1291 | Muhabere Memuru | Diyarbakır | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0048; 93 |
| 1875/76AH 1292 | Muhabere Memuru | Diyarbakır | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0048; 93 |
| 1876/77AH 1293 | Muhabere Memuru | Diyarbakır | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0048; 93 |
| 1877/78AH 1294 | Muhabere Memuru | Diyarbakır | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0048; 93 |
| 1878AH 1295 | Muhabere Memuru | Diyarbakır | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0048; 93 |
| 1879/80AH 1297 | Muhabere Memuru | Diyarbakır | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0048; 93 |
| 1880/81AH 1298 | Muhabere Memuru | Mardin | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0048; 93 |
| 1881/82AH 1299 | Muhabere Memuru | Mardin | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0048; 93 |
| 1882/83AH 1300 | Muhabere Memuru | Mardin | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0048; 93 |
| 1883/84AH 1301 | Muhabere Memuru | Mardin | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0048; 93 |
| 1884/85AH 1302 | Muhabere Memuru | Mardin | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0048; 93 |
| 1885/86AH 1303 | Muhabere Memuru | Mardin | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0048; 93 |
| 1886/87AH 1304 | Muhabere Memuru | Mardin | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0048; 93 |
| 1887/88AH 1305 | Muhabere Memuru | Mardin | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0048; 93 |
| 1888/89AH 1306 | Muhabere Memuru | Mardin | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0048; 93 |
| 1889/90AH 1307 | Muhabere Memuru | Mardin | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0048; 93 |
| 1890/91AH 1308 | Muhabere Memuru | Mardin | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0048; 93 |
| 1891/92AH 1309 | Muhabere Memuru | Mardin | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0048; 93 |
| 1892/93AH 1310 | Muhabere Memuru | Silvan | 450 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0048; 93 |
| 1893/94AH 1311 | Muhabere Memuru | Silvan | 450 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0048; 93 |
| 1894/95AH 1312 | Muhabere Memuru | Silvan | 450 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0048; 93 |
| 1895/96AH 1313 | Muhabere Memuru | Silvan | 450 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0048; 93 |
| 1896/97AH 1314 | Muhabere Memuru | Silvan | 450 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0048; 93 |
| 1897/98AH 1315 | Muhabere Memuru | Silvan | 450 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0048; 93 |
| 1898/99AH 1316 | Muhabere Memuru | Van | 720 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0048; 93 |
| 1899/1900AH 1317 | Muhabere Memuru | Van | 720 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0048; 93 |
| 1900/01AH 1318 | Muhabere Memuru | Van | 720 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0048; 93 |
| 1901/02AH 1319 | Muhabere Memuru | Van | 720 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0048; 93 |
| 1902/03AH 1320 | Muhabere Memuru | Van | 720 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0048; 93 |
| 1903/04AH 1321 | Muhabere Memuru | Van | 720 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0099_0048; 93 |
What the sources named in this table are
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
Sources and original values (15)
| Field | Recorded value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Identity | ||
| Name | Zülfikar Fethi Efendi | Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Birth year (AH) | 1263 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Birthplace | diyarbakir | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Province of birth | diyarbakir | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Father's occupation | Esnaf | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Religion | Musluman | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Nationality or community | Turkish | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Schooling | ||
| School | Sibyan Mektebi | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Years of schooling | 4 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Years of apprenticeship (mülazemet) | 2 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First work | ||
| First work: year (AH) | 1285 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First work: Gregorian year as stored | 1868 | Recovered annual personnel extract |
| First work: place | Diyarbakir | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First salary field (kuruş a month) | 300 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Status | ||
| Death recorded under the year (AH) | 1322 | Earlier annual personnel extract (original copy); Earlier annual personnel extract (parallel copy) |
What the sources named in this table are
- Earlier annual personnel extract (original copy)
- A copy of the earlier annual personnel file, read for the title wording of each year. A death taken from it is the status word Vefat in the title field of one annual list: the year is the year of that list, not a date of death.
- Earlier annual personnel extract (parallel copy)
- A second copy of the earlier annual personnel file, read in the same way. A death taken from it is the status word Vefat in the title field of one annual list: the year is the year of that list, not a date of death. Two copies that agree are one piece of evidence, not two.
- Earlier annual personnel extract
- The detailed annual personnel file of October 2024. An official found only in this file keeps the years, titles and salaries it gives.
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
- Personnel attributes extract
- The detailed personnel file of September 2025, read for personal details such as birth, schooling and first work.
- Origin of the record: Post and Telegraph personnel records.
- 34 annual entries of 34 belong to the saved estimation sample of the paper.
How to read this record: calendar years, years without an annual entry, salaries and sources.
Subjects
- Zülfikar Fethi Efendi
- Communications official (Muhabere Memuru)
- Mardin
- Diyarbakır
- School for young children (Sıbyan Mektebi)
- Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)
- Muslim (Müslüman)
- Biography of an Ottoman official (Osmanlı memurunun biyografisi)
- Career and pay (memuriyet ve maaş)
- Ottoman history (Osmanlı tarihi)
- Ottoman bureaucracy (Osmanlı bürokrasisi)
- Ottoman officials (Osmanlı'da memurlar)
- Ottoman personnel registers (Sicill-i Ahvâl defterleri)
- Ottoman registers (Osmanlı defterleri)