Official
Ahmet Rifat Efendi
Muslim (Müslüman). Born in Ruse (Rusçuk) in 1831/32 (AH 1247). On record 1855 to 1894, 38 annual entries. Death recorded 1894/95.
Archive reference 3_222;440
Life#
Ahmet Rifat Efendi was born in Ruse (Rusçuk) in 1831/32 (AH 1247) into the Muslim (Müslüman) community; the father's occupation was "Tahrirat Katibi". Schooling took four years, at a primary school (İbtidai Mektebi); Ahmet Rifat also wrote Turkish and had some knowledge of Arabic and French.
Ahmet Rifat began work in the Tahrirat Kalemi in Ruse in 1848/49, at about 17, with two unpaid years as a mülazım (apprentice) before a first salary of 75 kuruş. The first annual entry, for 1855/56, places Ahmet Rifat in Ruse, the birthplace, in the Kisla Komisyon Kitabeti. The annual lists then follow Ahmet Rifat to four places in seven years, then Vidin from 1864 to 1871. Ahmet Rifat then moved to Istanbul and Pleven (Plevne) from 1872 to 1880, then back to Istanbul from 1880 to 1887. The last posts were in Kastamonu from 1887 to 1892 and Izmir (İzmir) from 1892 to 1894. Few officials served in as many places; fewer than 4 per cent of the 5,200 officials with a place of service did.
The salary went from 400 kuruş a month in 1855/56 to 4,000 in 1877/78, the peak, as Müfettiş in Pleven, when 98 per cent of paid officials earned less. The last annual entry is for 1893/94; the list of 1894/95 (AH 1312) gives the status word Vefat (death). The workbook records written works, beginning "Fen-i telgrafa dair iki risale ve musikiye muteallik ...".
Places in order of time#
Each number is a stop: the birthplace, the place of first work, then every place of the annual entries in turn. The year beside an arrow is the first entry at the new place.
Born 1831/32 (AH 1247); First work 1848/49 (AH 1265); 1855 to 1857 (AH 1272 to 1273)
First work as Tahrirat Kalemi
Kisla Komisyon Kitabeti 1855/56 (AH 1272); Memur 1856/57 (AH 1273)
400 to 500 kuruş a month; entries in 2 years
1872 to 1877 (AH 1289 to 1293)
No annual entry for 1871/72 (AH 1288) before it.
1,500 kuruş a month; entries in 5 years
1880 to 1887 (AH 1298 to 1304)
Müdür 1880 to 1882 (AH 1298 to 1299); Tahrirat Kalemi Musevvitligi 1882 to 1887 (AH 1300 to 1304)
2,000 kuruş a month; entries in 7 years
Death recorded in the annual list of 1894/95 (AH 1312): the word Vefat, not a date of death.
Career and salary#
Log scale: equal steps are equal ratios. The median of the same title is drawn for the years in which at least 5 officials with that title had a salary.
The numbers of the chart
| Year | Salary | Median, all officials | Median, same title | Paid less |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1855/56 | 400 | 432.5 | 42% | |
| 1856/57 | 500 | 375 | 300 | 58% |
| 1857/58 | 500 | 475 | 400 | 50% |
| 1858/59 | 500 | 500 | 325 | 50% |
| 1860/61 | 500 | 500 | 475 | 36% |
| 1861/62 | 500 | 600 | 250 | 34% |
| 1862/63 | 500 | 500 | 460 | 34% |
| 1863/64 | 1,000 | 500 | 1,000 | 65% |
| 1864/65 | 1,200 | 625 | 1,440 | 69% |
| 1865/66 | 1,440 | 650 | 1,320 | 78% |
| 1866/67 | 1,440 | 600 | 1,320 | 82% |
| 1867/68 | 1,690 | 600 | 2,060 | 88% |
| 1868/69 | 1,690 | 600 | 1,960 | 88% |
| 1869/70 | 1,690 | 600 | 1,845 | 89% |
| 1870/71 | 1,690 | 600 | 1,690 | 89% |
| 1872/73 | 1,500 | 550 | 89% | |
| 1873/74 | 1,500 | 500 | 89% | |
| 1874/75 | 1,500 | 535 | 89% | |
| 1875/76 | 1,500 | 530 | 88% | |
| 1876/77 | 1,500 | 582.5 | 89% | |
| 1877/78 | 4,000 | 560 | 2,000 | 98% |
| 1878 | 4,000 | 600 | 2,000 | 98% |
| 1878/79 | 4,000 | 600 | 2,000 | 97% |
| 1879/80 | 4,000 | 500 | 2,000 | 99% |
| 1880/81 | 2,000 | 500 | 2,200 | 93% |
| 1881/82 | 2,000 | 500 | 2,100 | 92% |
| 1882/83 | 2,000 | 500 | 92% | |
| 1883/84 | 2,000 | 500 | 92% | |
| 1884/85 | 2,000 | 500 | 92% | |
| 1885/86 | 2,000 | 500 | 93% | |
| 1886/87 | 2,000 | 500 | 93% | |
| 1887/88 | 2,000 | 500 | 2,000 | 93% |
| 1888/89 | 2,000 | 500 | 2,000 | 94% |
| 1889/90 | 2,000 | 500 | 2,000 | 95% |
| 1890/91 | 2,000 | 500 | 2,000 | 95% |
| 1891/92 | 2,000 | 500 | 2,000 | 95% |
| 1892/93 | 2,000 | 500 | 2,000 | 96% |
| 1893/94 | 2,000 | 500 | 2,000 | 96% |
Paid less: the share of the other officials with a salary that year who earned less.
Point at a year for its salary, title, place and the median of all officials paid that year. Choose a row of the table to mark its years in the charts and its stop on the map.
| Years | Title | Place | Salary (kuruş a month) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1848/49AH 1265 | Tahrirat Kalemifirst work | Ruse (Rusçuk) | 75first-salary field |
| 1855/56AH 1272 | Kisla Komisyon Kitabeti | Ruse (Rusçuk) | 400 |
| 1856/57AH 1273 | Memur | Ruse (Rusçuk) | 500 |
| 1857/58AH 1274 | Muhabere Memuru | Svishtov (Ziştovi) | 500 |
| 1858/59AH 1275 | Memur | Lom | 500 |
| No annual entry: 1859/60 (AH 1276) | |||
| 1860 to 1862AH 1277 to 1278 | Memur | Lom | 500 |
| 1862/63AH 1279 | Memur | Shumen (Şumnu) | 500 |
| 1863/64AH 1280 | 2. Müdür | Prizren | 1,000 |
| 1864 to 1867AH 1281 to 1283 | 1. Müdür | Vidin | 1,200 to 1,440 |
| 1867 to 1871AH 1284 to 1287 | Müdür | Vidin | 1,690 |
| No annual entry: 1871/72 (AH 1288) | |||
| 1872 to 1877AH 1289 to 1293 | Sermuallim | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,500 |
| 1877 to 1880AH 1294 to 1297 | Müfettiş | Pleven (Plevne) | 4,000 |
| 1880 to 1882AH 1298 to 1299 | Müdür | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 2,000 |
| 1882 to 1887AH 1300 to 1304 | Tahrirat Kalemi Musevvitligi | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 2,000 |
| 1887 to 1892AH 1305 to 1309 | Müfettiş | Kastamonu | 2,000 |
| 1892 to 1894AH 1310 to 1311 | Müfettiş | Izmir (İzmir) | 2,000 |
| 1894/95AH 1312 | Death recorded | ||
Record#
Personal
- Born
- 1831/32 (AH 1247)
- Birthplace
- Ruse (Rusçuk)
- Community
- Muslim (Müslüman)
- Nationality as recorded
- Turkish
- Father's occupation
- Tahrirat Katibi
- Death recorded
- 1894/95 (AH 1312)the year of the annual list with the word Vefat, not a date of death
Education
- Primary
- İbtidai Mektebi (4 years)primary school; place of the school as worded: Ruscuk
- Unpaid years (mülazemet)
- 2 years
- Preparation route (classification of the paper)
- Low
- Qualification (diploma, certificate, training or nişan)
- NoShown as in the flag of the paper. The qualification column of the recovered extract gives yes.
The years count all schooling up to that school, as the record gives them.
Languages
- Arabic
- asinafamiliarity
- French
- asinafamiliarity
- Turkish
- Kitabetwriting
The glosses are cautious historical readings of the recorded words, not modern levels of proficiency.
First work
- Year
- 1848/49 (AH 1265)
- Place
- Ruse (Rusçuk)
- First job as worded
- Tahrirat Kalemi
- Age at first work (workbook field)
- 18
- First salary field (kuruş a month)
- 75
- First-job salary of the original workbook (kuruş a month)
- 75
Honours and ranks
- Mecidi order (recorded code)
- 5
Works written
- Written works
- Fen-i telgrafa dair iki risale ve musikiye muteallik bir nota ve bir kita da roman telif eylemistir.
Recorded with#
Officials who share a place, a job title, a school, a birthplace or the year of the first annual entry. Ranks compare the highest monthly salary of each official.
Same place, same years
Of the 577 officials with entries in Istanbul in the same years, Ahmet Rifat Efendi had the 40th highest salary.
- Hasan Ali Efendi12 shared years; highest salary 15,000 kuruş
- Emil Efendi12 shared years; highest salary 9,000 kuruş
- Suleyman Resat Bey12 shared years; highest salary 7,000 kuruş
- Mehmet Hayri Bey12 shared years; highest salary 5,500 kuruş
- Melkok Efendi12 shared years; highest salary 5,000 kuruş
Same job title, same years
Of the 43 officials with the title Müfettiş in the same years, Ahmet Rifat Efendi had the 6th highest salary.
- Nikola Colini Efendi11 shared years; highest salary 2,700 kuruş
- Odi Efendi10 shared years; highest salary 4,000 kuruş
- Jul Lekaye Efendi8 shared years; highest salary 3,800 kuruş
- Hüsnü Efendi8 shared years; highest salary 2,600 kuruş
- Mehmed Raşid Efendi8 shared years; highest salary 2,000 kuruş
Same school
Of the 33 officials with İbtidai Mektebi among their schools, Ahmet Rifat Efendi had the highest salary.
- Mehmet Ziver Efendiborn 1831/32 (AH 1247); highest salary 1,000 kuruş
- Asaf Beyborn 1833/34 (AH 1249); highest salary 3,000 kuruş
- Mehmet Nurettin Efendiborn 1833/34 (AH 1249); highest salary 500 kuruş
- Abdürrahim Efendiborn 1827/28 (AH 1243); highest salary 2,500 kuruş
- Hamza Elvan Beyborn 1827/28 (AH 1243); highest salary 400 kuruş
Same birthplace
Of the 13 officials born in Ruse (Rusçuk), Ahmet Rifat Efendi had the highest salary.
- Mehmet Nuri Efendiborn 1832/33 (AH 1248); highest salary 650 kuruş
- Mahmut Fazlı Efendiborn 1840/41 (AH 1256); highest salary 2,500 kuruş
- İbrahim Ethem Efendiborn 1844/45 (AH 1260); highest salary 700 kuruş
- Mehmed Şevki Efendiborn 1855/56 (AH 1272); highest salary 600 kuruş
- Abdullah Kemali Efendiborn 1860/61 (AH 1277); highest salary 700 kuruş
First annual entry in the same year
Of the 11 officials whose first annual entry is for 1855/56 (AH 1272), Ahmet Rifat Efendi had the 3rd highest salary.
- Bahattin Beyfirst entry in Istanbul; highest salary 4,000 kuruş
- Mahmut Hamdi Efendifirst entry in Cizre; highest salary 300 kuruş
- Odi Efendifirst entry in Beyoğlu; highest salary 4,000 kuruş
- Hasan Hilmi Efendifirst entry in Afyonkarahisar (Karahisar-ı Sahib); highest salary 1,000 kuruş
- Mustafa Agah Efendifirst entry in Istanbul; highest salary 4,000 kuruş
Full record
Annual entries (38)
| Year | Title | Place | Kuruş a month | Institution | Source | Archive reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1855/56AH 1272 | Kisla Komisyon Kitabeti | Ruse (Rusçuk) | 400 | Other | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 3_222;440 |
| 1856/57AH 1273 | Memur | Ruse (Rusçuk) | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_222;440 |
| 1857/58AH 1274 | Muhabere Memuru | Svishtov (Ziştovi) | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_222;440 |
| 1858/59AH 1275 | Memur | Lom | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_222;440 |
| 1860/61AH 1277 | Memur | Lom | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_222;440 |
| 1861/62AH 1278 | Memur | Lom | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_222;440 |
| 1862/63AH 1279 | Memur | Shumen (Şumnu) | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_222;440 |
| 1863/64AH 1280 | 2. Müdür | Prizren | 1,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_222;440 |
| 1864/65AH 1281 | 1. Müdür | Vidin | 1,200 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_222;440 |
| 1865/66AH 1282 | 1. Müdür | Vidin | 1,440 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_222;440 |
| 1866/67AH 1283 | 1. Müdür | Vidin | 1,440 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_222;440 |
| 1867/68AH 1284 | Müdür | Vidin | 1,690 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_222;440 |
| 1868/69AH 1285 | Müdür | Vidin | 1,690 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_222;440 |
| 1869/70AH 1286 | Müdür | Vidin | 1,690 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_222;440 |
| 1870/71AH 1287 | Müdür | Vidin | 1,690 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_222;440 |
| 1872/73AH 1289 | Sermuallim | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,500 | Other | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 3_222;440 |
| 1873/74AH 1290 | Sermuallim | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,500 | Other | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 3_222;440 |
| 1874/75AH 1291 | Sermuallim | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,500 | Other | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 3_222;440 |
| 1875/76AH 1292 | Sermuallim | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,500 | Other | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 3_222;440 |
| 1876/77AH 1293 | Sermuallim | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,500 | Other | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 3_222;440 |
| 1877/78AH 1294 | Müfettiş | Pleven (Plevne) | 4,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_222;440 |
| 1878AH 1295 | Müfettiş | Pleven (Plevne) | 4,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_222;440 |
| 1878/79AH 1296 | Müfettiş | Pleven (Plevne) | 4,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_222;440 |
| 1879/80AH 1297 | Müfettiş | Pleven (Plevne) | 4,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_222;440 |
| 1880/81AH 1298 | Müdür | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 2,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_222;440 |
| 1881/82AH 1299 | Müdür | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 2,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_222;440 |
| 1882/83AH 1300 | Tahrirat Kalemi Musevvitligi | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 2,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_222;440 |
| 1883/84AH 1301 | Tahrirat Kalemi Musevvitligi | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 2,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_222;440 |
| 1884/85AH 1302 | Tahrirat Kalemi Musevvitligi | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 2,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_222;440 |
| 1885/86AH 1303 | Tahrirat Kalemi Musevvitligi | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 2,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_222;440 |
| 1886/87AH 1304 | Tahrirat Kalemi Musevvitligi | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 2,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_222;440 |
| 1887/88AH 1305 | Müfettiş | Kastamonu | 2,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_222;440 |
| 1888/89AH 1306 | Müfettiş | Kastamonu | 2,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_222;440 |
| 1889/90AH 1307 | Müfettiş | Kastamonu | 2,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_222;440 |
| 1890/91AH 1308 | Müfettiş | Kastamonu | 2,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_222;440 |
| 1891/92AH 1309 | Müfettiş | Kastamonu | 2,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_222;440 |
| 1892/93AH 1310 | Müfettiş | Izmir (İzmir) | 2,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_222;440 |
| 1893/94AH 1311 | Müfettiş | Izmir (İzmir) | 2,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 3_222;440 |
What the sources named in this table are
- Cross-ministry personnel workbook
- A personnel workbook with the annual entries in institutions other than the Post and Telegraph (justice, land registry, customs, police and others), with the same annual fields as the personnel workbook.
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
Sources and original values (28)
| Field | Recorded value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Identity | ||
| Name | Ahmet Rifat Efendi | Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Linked personnel workbook |
| Birth year (AH) | 1247 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Birthplace | ruscuk | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Birthplace: district (kaza) | Ruscuk | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Birthplace: sancak | Ruscuk | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Birthplace: province (vilayet) | Tuna | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Province of birth | tuna | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Father's occupation | tahrirat katibi | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Religion | musluman | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Nationality or community | Turkish | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Schooling | ||
| School | ibtidai mektebi | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Place of the school | Ruscuk | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Years of schooling | 4 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Years of apprenticeship (mülazemet) | 2 used on this page | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Years of apprenticeship (mülazemet) | 0 other value | Recovered annual personnel extract |
| First work | ||
| First work: year (AH) | 1265 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Linked personnel workbook |
| First work: Gregorian year as stored | 1849 | Recovered annual personnel extract |
| First work: place | Ruscuk | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| First work: district (kaza) | Ruscuk | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| First work: sancak | Ruscuk | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| First work: province (vilayet) | tuna | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| First job as worded | Tahrirat Kalemi | Linked personnel workbook; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Age at first work (workbook field) | 18 | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| First salary field (kuruş a month) | 75 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First-job salary of the original workbook (kuruş a month) | 75 | Linked personnel workbook; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Honours | ||
| Mecidi order (recorded code) | 5 | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Status | ||
| Death recorded under the year (AH) | 1312 | Earlier annual personnel extract (original copy); Earlier annual personnel extract (parallel copy) |
| Other recorded values | ||
| Written works | Fen-i telgrafa dair iki risale ve musikiye muteallik bir nota ve bir kita da roman telif eylemistir. | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
What the sources named in this table are
- Earlier annual personnel extract (original copy)
- A copy of the earlier annual personnel file, read for the title wording of each year. A death taken from it is the status word Vefat in the title field of one annual list: the year is the year of that list, not a date of death.
- Earlier annual personnel extract (parallel copy)
- A second copy of the earlier annual personnel file, read in the same way. A death taken from it is the status word Vefat in the title field of one annual list: the year is the year of that list, not a date of death. Two copies that agree are one piece of evidence, not two.
- Cross-ministry personnel workbook
- A personnel workbook with the annual entries in institutions other than the Post and Telegraph (justice, land registry, customs, police and others), with the same annual fields as the personnel workbook.
- Earlier annual personnel extract
- The detailed annual personnel file of October 2024. An official found only in this file keeps the years, titles and salaries it gives.
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
- Personnel attributes extract
- The detailed personnel file of September 2025, read for personal details such as birth, schooling and first work.
- Linked personnel workbook
- The original personnel workbook, from which selected fields on background and first work are taken.
- The sources give more than one value for a marked field. Every value is listed.
- Origin of the record: Post and Telegraph personnel records.
- 19 annual entries of 38 belong to the saved estimation sample of the paper.
How to read this record: calendar years, years without an annual entry, salaries and sources.
Subjects
- Ahmet Rifat Efendi
- Inspector (Müfettiş)
- Istanbul (Dersaadet)
- Ruse (Rusçuk)
- Primary school (İbtidai Mektebi)
- Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)
- Muslim (Müslüman)
- Biography of an Ottoman official (Osmanlı memurunun biyografisi)
- Career and pay (memuriyet ve maaş)
- Ottoman history (Osmanlı tarihi)
- Ottoman bureaucracy (Osmanlı bürokrasisi)
- Ottoman officials (Osmanlı'da memurlar)
- Ottoman personnel registers (Sicill-i Ahvâl defterleri)
- Ottoman registers (Osmanlı defterleri)