Official
Salih Tevfik Efendi
Muslim (Müslüman). Born in Kemaliye (Eğin) in 1855/56 (AH 1272). On record 1873 to 1911, 39 annual entries.
Archive reference 5_341; 679
Life#
Born in Kemaliye (Eğin) in 1855/56 (AH 1272) into the Muslim (Müslüman) community, Salih Tevfik Efendi was the child of a district governor or lieutenant colonel (kaymakam). Salih Tevfik had seven years of schooling, at a middle school (Rüşdiye Mektebi), attended the telegraph school as well, and wrote French as well as Turkish.
Work began in Istanbul in 1871/72, at about 16, with two unpaid years as a mülazım (apprentice) before a first salary of 120 kuruş. From 1873/74 to 1910/11 every annual entry places Salih Tevfik in Istanbul, first in the accounts office (Muhasebe Kalemi), from 1896/97 as Muhasebe Kalemi Mumeyyizligi and from 1897/98 as Muhasebe Kalemi Basmemuriyeti.
Pay rose from 120 kuruş a month in 1873/74 to a peak of 2,600 in 1907/08, as Muhasebe Kalemi Basmemuriyeti in Istanbul, when 96 per cent of paid officials earned less. In all, 39 years of salary come to 618,180 kuruş, 2.7 times what an official on the median salary earned in those years, a level reached by fewer than 6 per cent of the 3,805 officials paid for five years or more. The peak was 21.7 times the first salary, a rise matched by fewer than 4 per cent of the 2,859 officials paid for ten years or more. The final annual entry is for 1910/11.
Places in order of time#
Each number is a stop: the birthplace, the place of first work, then every place of the annual entries in turn. The year beside an arrow is the first entry at the new place.
Born 1855/56 (AH 1272)
First work 1871/72 (AH 1288); 1873 to 1911 (AH 1290 to 1328)
Muhasebe Kalemi 1873 to 1896 (AH 1290 to 1313); Muhasebe Kalemi Mumeyyizligi 1896/97 (AH 1314); Muhasebe Kalemi Basmemuriyeti 1897 to 1911 (AH 1315 to 1328)
120 to 2,600 kuruş a month; entries in 39 years
Career and salary#
Log scale: equal steps are equal ratios. The median of the same title is drawn for the years in which at least 5 officials with that title had a salary.
The numbers of the chart
| Year | Salary | Median, all officials | Median, same title | Paid less |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1873/74 | 120 | 500 | 450 | 2% |
| 1874/75 | 280 | 535 | 340 | 11% |
| 1875/76 | 280 | 530 | 280 | 11% |
| 1876/77 | 500 | 582.5 | 400 | 36% |
| 1877/78 | 500 | 560 | 400 | 36% |
| 1878 | 500 | 600 | 400 | 33% |
| 1878/79 | 600 | 600 | 400 | 47% |
| 1879/80 | 500 | 500 | 380 | 47% |
| 1880/81 | 740 | 500 | 400 | 73% |
| 1881/82 | 740 | 500 | 400 | 73% |
| 1882/83 | 740 | 500 | 320 | 72% |
| 1883/84 | 740 | 500 | 320 | 72% |
| 1884/85 | 800 | 500 | 390 | 76% |
| 1885/86 | 800 | 500 | 380 | 77% |
| 1886/87 | 800 | 500 | 400 | 77% |
| 1887/88 | 1,000 | 500 | 400 | 83% |
| 1888/89 | 1,100 | 500 | 310 | 87% |
| 1889/90 | 1,100 | 500 | 250 | 88% |
| 1890/91 | 1,100 | 500 | 272.5 | 88% |
| 1891/92 | 1,100 | 500 | 200 | 89% |
| 1892/93 | 1,200 | 500 | 182.5 | 90% |
| 1893/94 | 1,200 | 500 | 200 | 91% |
| 1894/95 | 1,300 | 500 | 250 | 93% |
| 1895/96 | 1,750 | 500 | 250 | 95% |
| 1896/97 | 1,575 | 500 | 96% | |
| 1897/98 | 1,700 | 500 | 96% | |
| 1898/99 | 1,700 | 500 | 96% | |
| 1899/1900 | 2,000 | 500 | 97% | |
| 1900/01 | 2,250 | 500 | 97% | |
| 1901/02 | 2,250 | 500 | 97% | |
| 1902/03 | 2,250 | 500 | 97% | |
| 1903/04 | 2,400 | 475 | 97% | |
| 1904/05 | 2,400 | 450 | 98% | |
| 1905/06 | 2,400 | 475 | 97% | |
| 1906/07 | 2,400 | 450 | 96% | |
| 1907/08 | 2,600 | 300 | 96% | |
| 1908/09 | 2,600 | 350 | 95% | |
| 1909/10 | 2,000 | 462.5 | 86% | |
| 1910/11 | 1,500 | 500 | 81% |
Paid less: the share of the other officials with a salary that year who earned less.
Point at a year for its salary, title, place and the median of all officials paid that year. Choose a row of the table to mark its years in the charts and its stop on the map.
| Years | Title | Place | Salary (kuruş a month) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1871/72AH 1288 | First work | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 120first-salary field |
| 1873 to 1896AH 1290 to 1313 | Muhasebe Kalemi | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 120 to 1,750 |
| 1896/97AH 1314 | Muhasebe Kalemi Mumeyyizligi | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,575 |
| 1897 to 1911AH 1315 to 1328 | Muhasebe Kalemi Basmemuriyeti | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,700 to 1,500 |
Record#
Personal
- Born
- 1855/56 (AH 1272)
- Birthplace
- Kemaliye (Eğin)
- Community
- Muslim (Müslüman)
- Nationality as recorded
- Turkish
- Father's occupation
- Kaymakam
Education
- Rüşdiye
- Rüşdiye Mektebi (7 years)rüşdiye school (middle school)
- Higher or professional
- Telgraf Mektebitelegraph school; recorded as a code
- Unpaid years (mülazemet)
- 2 years
- Preparation route (classification of the paper)
- Low
- Qualification (diploma, certificate, training or nişan)
- No
The years count all schooling up to that school, as the record gives them.
Languages
- French
- Kitabetwriting
- Turkish
- Kitabetwriting
The glosses are cautious historical readings of the recorded words, not modern levels of proficiency.
First work
- Year
- 1871/72 (AH 1288)
- Place
- Istanbul (Dersaadet)
- First salary field (kuruş a month)
- 120
Recorded with#
Officials who share a place, a job title, a school, a birthplace or the year of the first annual entry. Ranks compare the highest monthly salary of each official.
Same place, same years
Of the 1,672 officials with entries in Istanbul in the same years, Salih Tevfik Efendi had the 129th highest salary.
- Melkok Efendi39 shared years; highest salary 5,000 kuruş
- Mehmet Şükrü Efendi38 shared years; highest salary 2,500 kuruş
- Suleyman Resat Bey37 shared years; highest salary 7,000 kuruş
- Mustafa İsmet Efendi37 shared years; highest salary 2,000 kuruş
- Haci Cemal Bey37 shared years; highest salary 1,030 kuruş
Same job title, same years
Of the 167 officials with the title Muhasebe Kalemi in the same years, Salih Tevfik Efendi had the 7th highest salary.
- Ahmet Refik Bey23 shared years; highest salary 1,100 kuruş
- Refet Efendi22 shared years; highest salary 1,480 kuruş
- Mehmet Faik Efendi22 shared years; highest salary 600 kuruş
- Mehmet Şükrü Efendi19 shared years; highest salary 2,500 kuruş
- Mehmet Nuri Efendi19 shared years; highest salary 400 kuruş
Same school
Of the 3,206 officials with Rüşdiye Mektebi among their schools, 3,200 have a recorded salary; Salih Tevfik Efendi had the 53rd highest salary of them.
- Abdullah Süreyya Efendiborn 1855/56 (AH 1272); highest salary 540 kuruş
- Abdülmecit Efendiborn 1855/56 (AH 1272); highest salary 700 kuruş
- Ahmet Fuat Beyborn 1855/56 (AH 1272); highest salary 1,000 kuruş
- Ahmet Hayri Efendiborn 1855/56 (AH 1272); highest salary 675 kuruş
- Ahmet Raşit Efendiborn 1855/56 (AH 1272); highest salary 975 kuruş
Same birthplace
Of the 64 officials born in Kemaliye (Eğin), Salih Tevfik Efendi had the 4th highest salary.
- İsmail Zühtü Efendiborn 1856/57 (AH 1273); highest salary 1,200 kuruş
- Abdullah Hilmi Efendiborn 1858/59 (AH 1275); highest salary 300 kuruş
- Ahmet Şakir Efendiborn 1858/59 (AH 1275); highest salary 400 kuruş
- Mehmet Cevdet Efendiborn 1858/59 (AH 1275); highest salary 650 kuruş
- Ömer Fevzi Efendiborn 1850/51 (AH 1267); highest salary 2,000 kuruş
The page of Kemaliye (Eğin), with the 64 officials born there
First annual entry in the same year
Of the 69 officials whose first annual entry is for 1873/74 (AH 1290), Salih Tevfik Efendi had the 6th highest salary.
- Hasan Sıtkı Efendifirst entry in Istanbul; highest salary 800 kuruş
- Hüseyin Medhi Efendifirst entry in Istanbul; highest salary 600 kuruş
- Ömer Faik Efendifirst entry in Istanbul; highest salary 600 kuruş
- İbrahim Hilmi Efendifirst entry in Istanbul; highest salary 600 kuruş
- İsmail Zihni Efendifirst entry in Istanbul; highest salary 3,000 kuruş
Full record
Annual entries (39)
| Year | Title | Place | Kuruş a month | Institution | Source | Archive reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1873/74AH 1290 | Muhasebe Kalemi | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 120 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_341; 679 |
| 1874/75AH 1291 | Muhasebe Kalemi | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 280 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_341; 679 |
| 1875/76AH 1292 | Muhasebe Kalemi | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 280 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_341; 679 |
| 1876/77AH 1293 | Muhasebe Kalemi | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_341; 679 |
| 1877/78AH 1294 | Muhasebe Kalemi | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_341; 679 |
| 1878AH 1295 | Muhasebe Kalemi | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_341; 679 |
| 1878/79AH 1296 | Muhasebe Kalemi | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_341; 679 |
| 1879/80AH 1297 | Muhasebe Kalemi | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_341; 679 |
| 1880/81AH 1298 | Muhasebe Kalemi | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 740 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_341; 679 |
| 1881/82AH 1299 | Muhasebe Kalemi | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 740 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_341; 679 |
| 1882/83AH 1300 | Muhasebe Kalemi | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 740 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_341; 679 |
| 1883/84AH 1301 | Muhasebe Kalemi | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 740 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_341; 679 |
| 1884/85AH 1302 | Muhasebe Kalemi | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 800 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_341; 679 |
| 1885/86AH 1303 | Muhasebe Kalemi | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 800 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_341; 679 |
| 1886/87AH 1304 | Muhasebe Kalemi | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 800 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_341; 679 |
| 1887/88AH 1305 | Muhasebe Kalemi | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_341; 679 |
| 1888/89AH 1306 | Muhasebe Kalemi | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,100 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_341; 679 |
| 1889/90AH 1307 | Muhasebe Kalemi | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,100 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_341; 679 |
| 1890/91AH 1308 | Muhasebe Kalemi | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,100 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_341; 679 |
| 1891/92AH 1309 | Muhasebe Kalemi | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,100 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_341; 679 |
| 1892/93AH 1310 | Muhasebe Kalemi | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,200 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_341; 679 |
| 1893/94AH 1311 | Muhasebe Kalemi | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,200 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_341; 679 |
| 1894/95AH 1312 | Muhasebe Kalemi | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,300 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_341; 679 |
| 1895/96AH 1313 | Muhasebe Kalemi | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,750 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_341; 679 |
| 1896/97AH 1314 | Muhasebe Kalemi Mumeyyizligi | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,575 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_341; 679 |
| 1897/98AH 1315 | Muhasebe Kalemi Basmemuriyeti | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,700 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_341; 679 |
| 1898/99AH 1316 | Muhasebe Kalemi Basmemuriyeti | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,700 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_341; 679 |
| 1899/1900AH 1317 | Muhasebe Kalemi Basmemuriyeti | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 2,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_341; 679 |
| 1900/01AH 1318 | Muhasebe Kalemi Basmemuriyeti | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 2,250 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_341; 679 |
| 1901/02AH 1319 | Muhasebe Kalemi Basmemuriyeti | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 2,250 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_341; 679 |
| 1902/03AH 1320 | Muhasebe Kalemi Basmemuriyeti | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 2,250 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_341; 679 |
| 1903/04AH 1321 | Muhasebe Kalemi Basmemuriyeti | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 2,400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_341; 679 |
| 1904/05AH 1322 | Muhasebe Kalemi Basmemuriyeti | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 2,400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_341; 679 |
| 1905/06AH 1323 | Muhasebe Kalemi Basmemuriyeti | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 2,400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_341; 679 |
| 1906/07AH 1324 | Muhasebe Kalemi Basmemuriyeti | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 2,400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_341; 679 |
| 1907/08AH 1325 | Muhasebe Kalemi Basmemuriyeti | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 2,600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_341; 679 |
| 1908/09AH 1326 | Muhasebe Kalemi Basmemuriyeti | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 2,600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_341; 679 |
| 1909/10AH 1327 | Muhasebe Kalemi Basmemuriyeti | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 2,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_341; 679 |
| 1910/11AH 1328 | Muhasebe Kalemi Basmemuriyeti | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 5_341; 679 |
What the sources named in this table are
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
Sources and original values (16)
| Field | Recorded value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Identity | ||
| Name | Salih Tevfik Efendi | Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Birth year (AH) | 1272 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Birthplace | egin | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Province of birth | elazig | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Father's occupation | Kaymakam | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Religion | Musluman | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Nationality or community | Turkish | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Schooling | ||
| School | rusdiye mektebi | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Years of schooling | 7 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Telegraph school (recorded code) | 1 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Years of apprenticeship (mülazemet) | 2 used on this page | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Years of apprenticeship (mülazemet) | 0 other value | Recovered annual personnel extract |
| First work | ||
| First work: year (AH) | 1288 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First work: Gregorian year as stored | 1871 | Recovered annual personnel extract |
| First work: place | istanbul | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First salary field (kuruş a month) | 120 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
What the sources named in this table are
- Earlier annual personnel extract
- The detailed annual personnel file of October 2024. An official found only in this file keeps the years, titles and salaries it gives.
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
- Personnel attributes extract
- The detailed personnel file of September 2025, read for personal details such as birth, schooling and first work.
- The sources give more than one value for a marked field. Every value is listed.
- Origin of the record: Post and Telegraph personnel records.
- 34 annual entries of 39 belong to the saved estimation sample of the paper.
How to read this record: calendar years, years without an annual entry, salaries and sources.
Subjects
- Salih Tevfik Efendi
- Accounts office (Muhasebe Kalemi)
- Istanbul (Dersaadet)
- Kemaliye (Eğin)
- Rüşdiye school (Rüşdiye Mektebi)
- Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)
- Muslim (Müslüman)
- Biography of an Ottoman official (Osmanlı memurunun biyografisi)
- Career and pay (memuriyet ve maaş)
- Ottoman history (Osmanlı tarihi)
- Ottoman bureaucracy (Osmanlı bürokrasisi)
- Ottoman officials (Osmanlı'da memurlar)
- Ottoman personnel registers (Sicill-i Ahvâl defterleri)
- Ottoman registers (Osmanlı defterleri)