Official
David Murat Efendi
Jewish (Musevi). Born in Baghdad (Bağdat) in 1845/46 (AH 1262). On record 1868 to 1890, 21 annual entries. Death recorded 1890/91.
Archive reference 37_52; 101
Life#
Born in Baghdad (Bağdat) in 1845/46 (AH 1262), David Murat Efendi came from the Jewish (Musevi) community; the father was a pharmacist (eczacı). In all David Murat knew four languages, Arabic, French, Persian and Turkish, all in writing; fewer than 5 per cent of the 5,211 officials knew as many.
Work began in Baghdad in 1861/62, at about 16, with seven unpaid years as a mülazım (apprentice) before a first salary of 480 kuruş. The first annual entry, for 1868/69, places David Murat in Aleppo (Halep) as an official for foreign communications (Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti), where the entries run to 1880/81. David Murat then moved to Misrata from 1883 to 1888, with a rise to director of the second grade (2. Müdür). The last posts were in Zliten from 1888 to 1890. Zliten, about 2,800 km from Baghdad, was the post farthest from the birthplace; fewer than 3 per cent of the 5,162 officials with a known birthplace and place of service served as far from home.
Pay rose from 480 kuruş a month in 1868/69 to a peak of 1,200 in 1884/85, as 2. Müdür in Misrata, when 86 per cent of paid officials earned less. After the last annual entry, for 1889/90, the list of 1890/91 (AH 1308) gives the status word Vefat (death).
Places in order of time#
Each number is a stop: the birthplace, the place of first work, then every place of the annual entries in turn. The year beside an arrow is the first entry at the new place.
Born 1845/46 (AH 1262); First work 1861/62 (AH 1278)
1868 to 1881 (AH 1285 to 1298)
Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti
480 to 600 kuruş a month; entries in 14 years
Death recorded in the annual list of 1890/91 (AH 1308): the word Vefat, not a date of death.
Career and salary#
Log scale: equal steps are equal ratios. The median of the same title is drawn for the years in which at least 5 officials with that title had a salary.
The numbers of the chart
| Year | Salary | Median, all officials | Median, same title | Paid less |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1868/69 | 480 | 600 | 570 | 32% |
| 1869/70 | 480 | 600 | 576 | 34% |
| 1870/71 | 480 | 600 | 600 | 37% |
| 1871/72 | 600 | 550 | 570 | 56% |
| 1872/73 | 600 | 550 | 585 | 55% |
| 1873/74 | 600 | 500 | 570 | 55% |
| 1874/75 | 600 | 535 | 650 | 55% |
| 1875/76 | 600 | 530 | 700 | 54% |
| 1876/77 | 600 | 582.5 | 600 | 50% |
| 1877/78 | 600 | 560 | 600 | 50% |
| 1878 | 600 | 600 | 600 | 46% |
| 1878/79 | 600 | 600 | 600 | 47% |
| 1879/80 | 500 | 500 | 500 | 47% |
| 1880/81 | 500 | 500 | 500 | 47% |
| 1883/84 | 1,000 | 500 | 800 | 82% |
| 1884/85 | 1,200 | 500 | 800 | 86% |
| 1885/86 | 1,200 | 500 | 800 | 87% |
| 1886/87 | 1,200 | 500 | 800 | 87% |
| 1887/88 | 1,200 | 500 | 800 | 87% |
| 1888/89 | 1,000 | 500 | 800 | 84% |
| 1889/90 | 1,000 | 500 | 800 | 85% |
Paid less: the share of the other officials with a salary that year who earned less.
Point at a year for its salary, title, place and the median of all officials paid that year. Choose a row of the table to mark its years in the charts and its stop on the map.
| Years | Title | Place | Salary (kuruş a month) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1861/62AH 1278 | First work | Baghdad (Bağdat) | 480first-salary field |
| 1868 to 1881AH 1285 to 1298 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Aleppo (Halep) | 480 to 500 |
| No annual entry: 1881 to 1883 (AH 1299 to 1300) | |||
| 1883 to 1888AH 1301 to 1305 | 2. Müdür | Misrata | 1,000 to 1,200 |
| 1888 to 1890AH 1306 to 1307 | 2. Müdür | Zliten | 1,000 |
| 1890/91AH 1308 | Death recorded | ||
Record#
Personal
- Born
- 1845/46 (AH 1262)
- Birthplace
- Baghdad (Bağdat)
- Community
- Jewish (Musevi)
- Nationality as recorded
- Yahudi
- Father's occupation
- Eczaci
- Death recorded
- 1890/91 (AH 1308)the year of the annual list with the word Vefat, not a date of death
Education
- Foreign school
- Fransız Mektebi (7 years)French school
- Unpaid years (mülazemet)
- 7 years
- Preparation route (classification of the paper)
- Low
- Qualification (diploma, certificate, training or nişan)
- No
The years count all schooling up to that school, as the record gives them.
Languages
- Arabic
- Kitabetwriting
- French
- Kitabetwriting
- Persian
- Kitabetwriting
- Turkish
- Kitabetwriting
The glosses are cautious historical readings of the recorded words, not modern levels of proficiency.
First work
- Year
- 1861/62 (AH 1278)
- Place
- Baghdad (Bağdat)
- First salary field (kuruş a month)
- 480
Legal records
- Legal record note as worded
- idaresizlik / Halep Merkezi Lisan-ı Ecnebi Memuriyeti'nden azli oranın yerlisinden olması cihetiyle merkez-i mezkurda ibkası muvafık-ı usul olmamasından neş’et eylemiştir.; İdaresizlikten
- Years (AH) with a criminal-record mark in the annual records
- 1301; 1302; 1303; 1304; 1305; 1306; 1307
Recorded with#
Officials who share a place, a job title, a school, a birthplace or the year of the first annual entry. Ranks compare the highest monthly salary of each official.
Same place, same years
Of the 46 officials with entries in Aleppo (Halep) in the same years, David Murat Efendi had the 20th highest salary.
- Ohannes Efendi13 shared years; highest salary 750 kuruş
- Unnamed official (26_188; 371)12 shared years; highest salary 2,500 kuruş
- Kostantin De Martin Efendi12 shared years; highest salary 1,500 kuruş
- İskender Efendi9 shared years; highest salary 1,500 kuruş
- Ömer Hilmi Efendi7 shared years; highest salary 3,200 kuruş
Same job title, same years
Of the 115 officials with the title Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti in the same years, David Murat Efendi had the 25th highest salary.
- Melkon Berhadar Efendi14 shared years; highest salary 1,500 kuruş
- Mıgırdıç Kirkoryan14 shared years; highest salary 1,400 kuruş
- Unnamed official (0049_0040; 77)14 shared years; highest salary 1,350 kuruş
- Jan Diraço Efendi14 shared years; highest salary 1,100 kuruş
- Armas Efendi14 shared years; highest salary 1,000 kuruş
All 605 officials with the title Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti
Same school
Of the 63 officials with Fransız Mektebi among their schools, David Murat Efendi had the 13th highest salary.
- Mühtedi Mehmet Emin Efendiborn 1845/46 (AH 1262); highest salary 1,500 kuruş
- Tafur Efendiborn 1845/46 (AH 1262); highest salary 2,500 kuruş
- Zennub Kapamacıyan Efendiborn 1845 (AH 1261); highest salary 1,000 kuruş
- Pierre Hason Efendiborn 1846/47 (AH 1263); highest salary 2,000 kuruş
- Paskal Mıgırdıç Kazancıyan Efendiborn 1844/45 (AH 1260); highest salary 2,905 kuruş
Same birthplace
Of the 73 officials born in Baghdad (Bağdat), David Murat Efendi had the 8th highest salary.
- Abdurrezzak Efendiborn 1845/46 (AH 1262); highest salary 1,500 kuruş
- Mehmet İzzet Efendiborn 1845/46 (AH 1262); highest salary 980 kuruş
- Mühtedi Mehmet Emin Efendiborn 1845/46 (AH 1262); highest salary 1,500 kuruş
- Tavik Besim Efendiborn 1845 (AH 1261); highest salary 1,500 kuruş
- Mühtedi Mehmet Nuri Efendiborn 1844/45 (AH 1260); highest salary 500 kuruş
The page of Baghdad (Bağdat), with the 73 officials born there
First annual entry in the same year
Of the 89 officials whose first annual entry is for 1868/69 (AH 1285), David Murat Efendi had the 25th highest salary.
- Abdullah Naili Efendifirst entry in Aleppo (Halep); highest salary 600 kuruş
- Ahmet Tevfik Beyfirst entry in Istanbul; highest salary 1,750 kuruş
- Aziz Efendifirst entry in Zahlé (Zahle); highest salary 600 kuruş
- Bekir Efendifirst entry in Kifri (Salahiye); highest salary 2,700 kuruş
- Emrullah Efendifirst entry in Biga; highest salary 10,000 kuruş
Full record
Annual entries (21)
| Year | Title | Place | Kuruş a month | Institution | Source | Archive reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1868/69AH 1285 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Aleppo (Halep) | 480 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 37_52; 101 |
| 1869/70AH 1286 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Aleppo (Halep) | 480 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 37_52; 101 |
| 1870/71AH 1287 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Aleppo (Halep) | 480 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 37_52; 101 |
| 1871/72AH 1288 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Aleppo (Halep) | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 37_52; 101 |
| 1872/73AH 1289 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Aleppo (Halep) | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 37_52; 101 |
| 1873/74AH 1290 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Aleppo (Halep) | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 37_52; 101 |
| 1874/75AH 1291 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Aleppo (Halep) | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 37_52; 101 |
| 1875/76AH 1292 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Aleppo (Halep) | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 37_52; 101 |
| 1876/77AH 1293 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Aleppo (Halep) | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 37_52; 101 |
| 1877/78AH 1294 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Aleppo (Halep) | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 37_52; 101 |
| 1878AH 1295 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Aleppo (Halep) | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 37_52; 101 |
| 1878/79AH 1296 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Aleppo (Halep) | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 37_52; 101 |
| 1879/80AH 1297 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Aleppo (Halep) | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 37_52; 101 |
| 1880/81AH 1298 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Aleppo (Halep) | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 37_52; 101 |
| 1883/84AH 1301 | 2. Müdür | Misrata | 1,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 37_52; 101 |
| 1884/85AH 1302 | 2. Müdür | Misrata | 1,200 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 37_52; 101 |
| 1885/86AH 1303 | 2. Müdür | Misrata | 1,200 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 37_52; 101 |
| 1886/87AH 1304 | 2. Müdür | Misrata | 1,200 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 37_52; 101 |
| 1887/88AH 1305 | 2. Müdür | Misrata | 1,200 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 37_52; 101 |
| 1888/89AH 1306 | 2. Müdür | Zliten | 1,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 37_52; 101 |
| 1889/90AH 1307 | 2. Müdür | Zliten | 1,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 37_52; 101 |
What the sources named in this table are
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
Sources and original values (18)
| Field | Recorded value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Identity | ||
| Name | David Murat Efendi | Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Birth year (AH) | 1262 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Birthplace | bagdat | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Province of birth | bagdat | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Father's occupation | Eczaci | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Religion | Musevi | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Nationality or community | Yahudi | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Schooling | ||
| School | Fransiz Mektebi | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Years of schooling | 7 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Years of apprenticeship (mülazemet) | 7 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First work | ||
| First work: year (AH) | 1278 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First work: Gregorian year as stored | 1861 | Recovered annual personnel extract |
| First work: place | Bagdat | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First salary field (kuruş a month) | 480 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Legal records | ||
| Legal record note as worded | idaresizlik / Halep Merkezi Lisan-ı Ecnebi Memuriyeti'nden azli oranın yerlisinden olması cihetiyle merkez-i mezkurda ibkası muvafık-ı usul olmamasından neş’et eylemiştir. used on this page | Legal notes (earlier workbook copy); Legal notes (later workbook copy) |
| Legal record note as worded | İdaresizlikten other value | Legal notes (earlier workbook copy); Legal notes (later workbook copy) |
| Years (AH) with a criminal-record mark in the annual records | 1301; 1302; 1303; 1304; 1305; 1306; 1307 | Later annual personnel extract |
| Status | ||
| Death recorded under the year (AH) | 1308 | Earlier annual personnel extract (original copy); Earlier annual personnel extract (parallel copy) |
What the sources named in this table are
- Legal notes (earlier workbook copy)
- A workbook of notes on legal records. The wording is kept as written. It may hold an accusation or an acquittal, it is not the finding of a court, and its year is the year of the record, not the date of an event.
- Legal notes (later workbook copy)
- A later copy of the workbook of notes on legal records. The same wording in both copies is one note, not two.
- Earlier annual personnel extract (original copy)
- A copy of the earlier annual personnel file, read for the title wording of each year. A death taken from it is the status word Vefat in the title field of one annual list: the year is the year of that list, not a date of death.
- Earlier annual personnel extract (parallel copy)
- A second copy of the earlier annual personnel file, read in the same way. A death taken from it is the status word Vefat in the title field of one annual list: the year is the year of that list, not a date of death. Two copies that agree are one piece of evidence, not two.
- Later annual personnel extract
- The detailed annual personnel file of October 2025. It marks single annual entries with a criminal-record flag and holds status words such as Vefat. For a death, the year is the year of the annual list in which the status word stands.
- Earlier annual personnel extract
- The detailed annual personnel file of October 2024. An official found only in this file keeps the years, titles and salaries it gives.
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
- Personnel attributes extract
- The detailed personnel file of September 2025, read for personal details such as birth, schooling and first work.
- The sources give more than one value for a marked field. Every value is listed.
- Origin of the record: Post and Telegraph personnel records.
- 19 annual entries of 21 belong to the saved estimation sample of the paper.
How to read this record: calendar years, years without an annual entry, salaries and sources.
Subjects
- David Murat Efendi
- Post of official for foreign communications (Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti)
- Aleppo (Halep)
- Baghdad (Bağdat)
- French school (Fransız Mektebi)
- Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)
- Jewish (Musevi)
- Biography of an Ottoman official (Osmanlı memurunun biyografisi)
- Career and pay (memuriyet ve maaş)
- Ottoman history (Osmanlı tarihi)
- Ottoman bureaucracy (Osmanlı bürokrasisi)
- Ottoman officials (Osmanlı'da memurlar)
- Ottoman personnel registers (Sicill-i Ahvâl defterleri)
- Ottoman registers (Osmanlı defterleri)