Official
Murad Efendi
Armenian Christian (Ermeni). Born in Tokat in 1861/62 (AH 1278). On record 1882 to 1905, 23 annual entries.
Archive reference 58- 147;287
Life#
Born in Tokat in 1861/62 (AH 1278), Murad Efendi came from the Armenian Christian (Ermeni) community; the father was a tradesman (esnaf). Murad had four years of schooling, at an Armenian community school (Ermeni Millet Mektebi), and wrote Armenian, Greek (Rum) and Turkish.
At about 17, in 1878/79, Murad began work in Bafra, with four unpaid years as a mülazım (apprentice) before a first salary of 400 kuruş. The annual lists begin in 1882/83, with Murad as a communications official (Muhabere Memuru) in Ankara. Next came six places in 12 years, from Beypazarı to Edirne, then Lüleburgaz from 1896 to 1903. The last posts were in Vize from 1903 to 1905, with a rise to director of the third grade (3. Müdür). Nine places on two continents in all, a number reached by fewer than 6 per cent of the 5,200 officials with a place of service.
The salary went from 400 kuruş a month in 1882/83 to 540 in 1903/04, the peak, as 3. Müdür in Vize, when 61 per cent of paid officials earned less. Over 23 years the salaries add up to 136,560 kuruş, about what an official on the median salary earned. The last annual entry is for 1904/05. Murad probably has an entry in "Sicill-i Ahvâl defterlerine göre Osmanlı döneminde Tokatlı devlet memurları ( ..." by ÜMMÜHAN UĞURLU (2013) (the name and the birthplace agree).
Places in order of time#
Each number is a stop: the birthplace, the place of first work, then every place of the annual entries in turn. The year beside an arrow is the first entry at the new place.
Career and salary#
Log scale: equal steps are equal ratios. The median of the same title is drawn for the years in which at least 5 officials with that title had a salary.
The numbers of the chart
| Year | Salary | Median, all officials | Median, same title | Paid less |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1882/83 | 400 | 500 | 400 | 28% |
| 1883/84 | 400 | 500 | 400 | 27% |
| 1884/85 | 500 | 500 | 400 | 42% |
| 1885/86 | 500 | 500 | 400 | 42% |
| 1886/87 | 500 | 500 | 400 | 42% |
| 1887/88 | 500 | 500 | 400 | 41% |
| 1888/89 | 500 | 500 | 380 | 41% |
| 1889/90 | 500 | 500 | 380 | 42% |
| 1890/91 | 500 | 500 | 400 | 43% |
| 1891/92 | 500 | 500 | 400 | 43% |
| 1892/93 | 500 | 500 | 400 | 44% |
| 1893/94 | 500 | 500 | 400 | 46% |
| 1894/95 | 500 | 500 | 400 | 46% |
| 1895/96 | 500 | 500 | 400 | 47% |
| 1896/97 | 500 | 500 | 400 | 49% |
| 1897/98 | 500 | 500 | 400 | 49% |
| 1898/99 | 500 | 500 | 400 | 48% |
| 1899/1900 | 500 | 500 | 400 | 47% |
| 1900/01 | 500 | 500 | 400 | 47% |
| 1901/02 | 500 | 500 | 400 | 49% |
| 1902/03 | 500 | 500 | 380 | 49% |
| 1903/04 | 540 | 475 | 540 | 61% |
| 1904/05 | 540 | 450 | 540 | 61% |
Paid less: the share of the other officials with a salary that year who earned less.
Point at a year for its salary, title, place and the median of all officials paid that year. Choose a row of the table to mark its years in the charts and its stop on the map.
| Years | Title | Place | Salary (kuruş a month) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1878/79AH 1296 | First work | Bafra | 400first-salary field |
| 1882 to 1884AH 1300 to 1301 | Muhabere Memuru | Ankara | 400 |
| 1884 to 1886AH 1302 to 1303 | Muhabere Memuru | Beypazarı | 500 |
| 1886/87AH 1304 | Muhabere Memuru | Ayaş | 500 |
| 1887 to 1890AH 1305 to 1307 | Posta Memuru | Seferihisar | 500 |
| 1890/91AH 1308 | Muhabere Memuru | Haymana | 500 |
| 1891/92AH 1309 | Muhabere Memuru | İğneada | 500 |
| 1892 to 1896AH 1310 to 1313 | Muhabere Memuru | Edirne | 500 |
| 1896 to 1903AH 1314 to 1320 | Muhabere Memuru | Lüleburgaz | 500 |
| 1903 to 1905AH 1321 to 1322 | 3. Müdür | Vize | 540 |
Record#
Personal
- Born
- 1861/62 (AH 1278)
- Birthplace
- Tokat
- Community
- Armenian Christian (Ermeni)
- Nationality as recorded
- Ermeni
- Father's occupation
- Esnaf
Education
- Community school
- Ermeni Millet Mektebi (4 years)Armenian community school
- Unpaid years (mülazemet)
- 4 years
- Preparation route (classification of the paper)
- Low
- Qualification (diploma, certificate, training or nişan)
- NoShown as in the flag of the paper. The qualification column of the recovered extract gives yes.
The years count all schooling up to that school, as the record gives them.
Languages
- Armenian
- Kitabetwriting
- Greek (Rum)
- Kitabetwriting. Rum is the word of the records for Greek as spoken by the Orthodox Christians of the empire. It is kept apart from the column Greek, which the records also have
- Turkish
- Kitabetwriting
The glosses are cautious historical readings of the recorded words, not modern levels of proficiency.
First work
- Year
- 1878/79 (AH 1296)
- Place
- Bafra
- First salary field (kuruş a month)
- 400
Named in scholarly works#
No link between a work and an official has been accepted. Each entry was found by fixed rules on the name and the recorded fields, and says what it rests on.
Sicill-i Ahvâl defterlerine göre Osmanlı döneminde Tokatlı devlet memurları ( 1879-1909 ) (ÜMMÜHAN UĞURLU, 2013). Name as printed: Murad Efendi. Printed pages 257, 258, PDF pages 279 and 280.
Probable link: same name and birthplace
Recorded with#
Officials who share a place, a job title, a school, a birthplace or the year of the first annual entry. Ranks compare the highest monthly salary of each official.
Same place, same years
Of the 68 officials with entries in Edirne in the same years, Murad Efendi had the 50th highest salary.
- Mehmet Talat Efendi4 shared years; highest salary 15,000 kuruş
- Jul Lekaye Efendi4 shared years; highest salary 3,800 kuruş
- Yusuf Efendi4 shared years; highest salary 2,500 kuruş
- Mehmet Tevfik Efendi4 shared years; highest salary 1,300 kuruş
- Osep Parladı Efendi4 shared years; highest salary 1,000 kuruş
Same job title, same years
Of the 2,094 officials with the title Muhabere Memuru in the same years, Murad Efendi had the 983rd highest salary.
- Mehmet Hulusi Bey18 shared years; highest salary 2,600 kuruş
- Mehmet Tevfik Efendi18 shared years; highest salary 1,500 kuruş
- Nikola Yunani Efendi18 shared years; highest salary 1,350 kuruş
- Mehmet Nazım Efendi18 shared years; highest salary 1,300 kuruş
- Şarl Laze Efendi18 shared years; highest salary 1,250 kuruş
Same school
Of the 86 officials with Ermeni Millet Mektebi among their schools, Murad Efendi had the 55th highest salary.
- Arganyan Karekin Efendiborn 1861/62 (AH 1278); highest salary 850 kuruş
- Artin Efendiborn 1861/62 (AH 1278); highest salary 600 kuruş
- Kigork Efendiborn 1861/62 (AH 1278); highest salary 500 kuruş
- Servet Efendiborn 1861/62 (AH 1278); highest salary 600 kuruş
- Andon Yaldızyan Efendiborn 1860/61 (AH 1277); highest salary 800 kuruş
Same birthplace
Of the 15 officials born in Tokat, Murad Efendi had the 7th highest salary.
- Ahmet Hamdi Efendiborn 1861/62 (AH 1278); highest salary 400 kuruş
- Mehmet Efendiborn 1855/56 (AH 1272); highest salary 380 kuruş
- Ahmet Hamdi Efendiborn 1868/69 (AH 1285); highest salary 450 kuruş
- Mustafa Kafi Efendiborn 1853/54 (AH 1270); highest salary 760 kuruş
- Ali Rıza Efendiborn 1852/53 (AH 1269); highest salary 3,150 kuruş
First annual entry in the same year
Of the 88 officials whose first annual entry is for 1882/83 (AH 1300), Murad Efendi had the 57th highest salary.
- Servet Efendifirst entry in Ankara; highest salary 600 kuruş
- Edib Efendifirst entry in Drama; highest salary 500 kuruş
- Kayser Minir Efendifirst entry in Acre (Akka); highest salary 800 kuruş
- Ömer Fuat Efendifirst entry in Lüleburgaz; highest salary 380 kuruş
- Unnamed official (0049_0020; 37)first entry in Yeni camii postanesi; highest salary 550 kuruş
Full record
Annual entries (23)
| Year | Title | Place | Kuruş a month | Institution | Source | Archive reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1882/83AH 1300 | Muhabere Memuru | Ankara | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 147;287 |
| 1883/84AH 1301 | Muhabere Memuru | Ankara | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 147;287 |
| 1884/85AH 1302 | Muhabere Memuru | Beypazarı | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 147;287 |
| 1885/86AH 1303 | Muhabere Memuru | Beypazarı | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 147;287 |
| 1886/87AH 1304 | Muhabere Memuru | Ayaş | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 147;287 |
| 1887/88AH 1305 | Posta Memuru | Seferihisar | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 147;287 |
| 1888/89AH 1306 | Posta Memuru | Seferihisar | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 147;287 |
| 1889/90AH 1307 | Posta Memuru | Seferihisar | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 147;287 |
| 1890/91AH 1308 | Muhabere Memuru | Haymana | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 147;287 |
| 1891/92AH 1309 | Muhabere Memuru | İğneada | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 147;287 |
| 1892/93AH 1310 | Muhabere Memuru | Edirne | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 147;287 |
| 1893/94AH 1311 | Muhabere Memuru | Edirne | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 147;287 |
| 1894/95AH 1312 | Muhabere Memuru | Edirne | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 147;287 |
| 1895/96AH 1313 | Muhabere Memuru | Edirne | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 147;287 |
| 1896/97AH 1314 | Muhabere Memuru | Lüleburgaz | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 147;287 |
| 1897/98AH 1315 | Muhabere Memuru | Lüleburgaz | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 147;287 |
| 1898/99AH 1316 | Muhabere Memuru | Lüleburgaz | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 147;287 |
| 1899/1900AH 1317 | Muhabere Memuru | Lüleburgaz | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 147;287 |
| 1900/01AH 1318 | Muhabere Memuru | Lüleburgaz | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 147;287 |
| 1901/02AH 1319 | Muhabere Memuru | Lüleburgaz | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 147;287 |
| 1902/03AH 1320 | Muhabere Memuru | Lüleburgaz | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 147;287 |
| 1903/04AH 1321 | 3. Müdür | Vize | 540 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 147;287 |
| 1904/05AH 1322 | 3. Müdür | Vize | 540 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 147;287 |
What the sources named in this table are
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
Sources and original values (14)
| Field | Recorded value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Identity | ||
| Name | Murad Efendi | Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Birth year (AH) | 1278 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Birthplace | tokat | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Province of birth | sivas | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Father's occupation | Esnaf | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Religion | Hristiyan | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Nationality or community | Ermeni | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Schooling | ||
| School | Ermeni Millet Mektebi | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Years of schooling | 4 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Years of apprenticeship (mülazemet) | 4 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First work | ||
| First work: year (AH) | 1296 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First work: Gregorian year as stored | 1879 | Recovered annual personnel extract |
| First work: place | Bafra | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First salary field (kuruş a month) | 400 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
What the sources named in this table are
- Earlier annual personnel extract
- The detailed annual personnel file of October 2024. An official found only in this file keeps the years, titles and salaries it gives.
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
- Personnel attributes extract
- The detailed personnel file of September 2025, read for personal details such as birth, schooling and first work.
- Origin of the record: Post and Telegraph personnel records.
- 23 annual entries of 23 belong to the saved estimation sample of the paper.
How to read this record: calendar years, years without an annual entry, salaries and sources.
Subjects
- Murad Efendi
- Communications official (Muhabere Memuru)
- Lüleburgaz
- Tokat
- Armenian community school (Ermeni Millet Mektebi)
- Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)
- Armenian Christian (Ermeni)
- Biography of an Ottoman official (Osmanlı memurunun biyografisi)
- Career and pay (memuriyet ve maaş)
- Ottoman history (Osmanlı tarihi)
- Ottoman bureaucracy (Osmanlı bürokrasisi)
- Ottoman officials (Osmanlı'da memurlar)
- Ottoman personnel registers (Sicill-i Ahvâl defterleri)
- Ottoman registers (Osmanlı defterleri)