Official
Esad Efendi
Muslim (Müslüman). Born in Kirkuk (Kerkük) in 1877/78 (AH 1294). On record 1892 to 1907, 15 annual entries.
Archive reference 58- 0047;91
Life#
Esad Efendi was born in Kirkuk (Kerkük) in 1877/78 (AH 1294) into the Muslim (Müslüman) community; the father was a clerk (ketebe). Schooling took seven years, at a middle school (Rüşdiye Mektebi); Esad also wrote Arabic, Persian and Turkish.
At about 13, in 1889/90, Esad began work in the telegraph service (Telgraf) in Kirkuk, with three unpaid years as a mülazım (apprentice) before a first salary of 300 kuruş. Fewer than 6 per cent of the 5,128 officials whose age at first work is known began work at 13 or younger. The annual lists begin in 1892/93, with Esad as a communications official (Muhabere Memuru) in Kirkuk, the birthplace, where the entries run to 1904/05. The last posts were in Nasiriyah (Nasıriye) from 1905 to 1907.
The salary went from 300 kuruş a month in 1892/93 to 513 in 1906/07, the peak, as Muhabere Memuru in Nasiriyah, when 60 per cent of paid officials earned less. The final annual entry is for 1906/07. A note in the workbook reads in part: "Mumaileyhin ismine kur‘a isabet ettiginden bin uc yuz on bes senesi Rebiulahirinin ...".
Places in order of time#
Each number is a stop: the birthplace, the place of first work, then every place of the annual entries in turn. The year beside an arrow is the first entry at the new place.
Born 1877/78 (AH 1294); First work 1889/90 (AH 1307); 1892 to 1905 (AH 1310 to 1322)
First work as Telgraf
Muhabere Memuru 1892 to 1905 (AH 1310 to 1322); Askere Alindi (a note on status, not a job) 1897/98 (AH 1315)
300 to 440 kuruş a month; entries in 13 years
1905 to 1907 (AH 1323 to 1324)
380 to 513 kuruş a month; entries in 2 years
Career and salary#
Log scale: equal steps are equal ratios. The median of the same title is drawn for the years in which at least 5 officials with that title had a salary, and the median of the same province for the years in which at least 5 officials were paid in the province of the official's salary that year.
The numbers of the chart
| Year | Salary | Median, all officials | Median, same title | Median, same province | Paid less |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1892/93 | 300 | 500 | 400 | 400 | 17% |
| 1893/94 | 300 | 500 | 400 | 450 | 17% |
| 1894/95 | 300 | 500 | 400 | 400 | 17% |
| 1895/96 | 300 | 500 | 400 | 400 | 17% |
| 1896/97 | 380 | 500 | 400 | 400 | 28% |
| 1897/98 | 440 | 500 | 44% | ||
| 1898/99 | 380 | 500 | 400 | 513 | 28% |
| 1899/1900 | 380 | 500 | 400 | 540 | 27% |
| 1900/01 | 380 | 500 | 400 | 540 | 27% |
| 1901/02 | 380 | 500 | 400 | 540 | 29% |
| 1902/03 | 380 | 500 | 380 | 400 | 31% |
| 1903/04 | 380 | 475 | 350 | 540 | 34% |
| 1904/05 | 380 | 450 | 350 | 500 | 35% |
| 1905/06 | 380 | 475 | 330 | 700 | 35% |
| 1906/07 | 513 | 450 | 300 | 513 | 60% |
Paid less: the share of the other officials with a salary that year who earned less.
Point at a year for its salary, title, place and the median of all officials paid that year. Choose a row of the table to mark its years in the charts and its stop on the map.
| Years | Title | Place | Salary (kuruş a month) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1889/90AH 1307 | Telgraffirst work | Kirkuk (Kerkük) | 300first-salary field |
| 1892 to 1897AH 1310 to 1314 | Muhabere Memuru | Kirkuk (Kerkük) | 300 to 380 |
| 1897/98AH 1315 | Askere Alindia note on status, not a job | 440 | |
| 1898 to 1905AH 1316 to 1322 | Muhabere Memuru | Kirkuk (Kerkük) | 380 |
| 1905 to 1907AH 1323 to 1324 | Muhabere Memuru | Nasiriyah (Nasıriye) | 380 to 513 |
Record#
Personal
- Born
- 1877/78 (AH 1294)
- Birthplace
- Kirkuk (Kerkük)
- Community
- Muslim (Müslüman)
- Nationality as recorded
- Turkish
- Father's occupation
- Ketebe
Education
- Rüşdiye
- Rüşdiye Mektebi (7 years)rüşdiye school (middle school)
- Unpaid years (mülazemet)
- 3 years
- Preparation route (classification of the paper)
- Low
- Qualification (diploma, certificate, training or nişan)
- No
The years count all schooling up to that school, as the record gives them.
Languages
- Arabic
- Kitabetwriting
- Persian
- Kitabetwriting
- Turkish
- Kitabetwriting
The glosses are cautious historical readings of the recorded words, not modern levels of proficiency.
First work
- Year
- 1889/90 (AH 1307)
- Place
- Kirkuk (Kerkük)
- First job as worded
- Telgraf
- Age at first work (workbook field)
- 13
- First salary field (kuruş a month)
- 300
- First-job salary of the original workbook (kuruş a month)
- 300
Notes from the record
- Note as worded
- Mumaileyhin ismine kur‘a isabet ettiginden bin uc yuz on bes senesi Rebiulahirinin yedisinde 24 Agustos sene 1312 askere alinmagla memuriyeitnden bi’l-infisal
Recorded with#
Officials who share a place, a job title, a school, a birthplace or the year of the first annual entry. Ranks compare the highest monthly salary of each official.
Same post (job title and place), same years
Of the 11 officials who held Muhabere Memuru in Kirkuk (Kerkük) in the same years, Esad Efendi had the 5th highest salary.
- Abdülaziz Efendi10 shared years; highest salary 380 kuruş
- Abbas Efendi4 shared years; highest salary 810 kuruş
- Mehmet Ruhi Efendi4 shared years; highest salary 600 kuruş
- Mehmet Salih Efendi3 shared years; highest salary 380 kuruş
- Unnamed official (121-110-215)3 shared years; highest salary 300 kuruş
Same place, same years
Of the 14 officials with entries in Kirkuk (Kerkük) in the same years, Esad Efendi had the 8th highest salary.
- Neşet Efendi10 shared years; highest salary 2,500 kuruş
- Abdülaziz Efendi10 shared years; highest salary 380 kuruş
- Mehmet Ruhi Efendi5 shared years; highest salary 600 kuruş
- Muhyiddin Kabil Efendi5 shared years; highest salary 380 kuruş
- Abbas Efendi4 shared years; highest salary 810 kuruş
Same job title, same years
Of the 2,176 officials with the title Muhabere Memuru in the same years, Esad Efendi had the 873rd highest salary.
- Mehmet Hulusi Bey14 shared years; highest salary 2,600 kuruş
- Mustafa Fazıl Bey14 shared years; highest salary 1,700 kuruş
- Mehmet Sadullah Efendi14 shared years; highest salary 1,650 kuruş
- Mehmet Asım Efendi14 shared years; highest salary 1,550 kuruş
- Nikola Yunani Efendi14 shared years; highest salary 1,350 kuruş
Same school
Of the 3,206 officials with Rüşdiye Mektebi among their schools, 3,200 have a recorded salary; Esad Efendi had the 1,249th highest salary of them.
- Abdi Nazım Efendiborn 1877/78 (AH 1294); highest salary 600 kuruş
- Abdülaziz Fikri Efendiborn 1877/78 (AH 1294); highest salary 400 kuruş
- Abdülkerim Efendiborn 1877/78 (AH 1294); highest salary 100 kuruş
- Abdullah Efendiborn 1877/78 (AH 1294); highest salary 400 kuruş
- Ahmet Efendiborn 1877/78 (AH 1294); highest salary 800 kuruş
Same birthplace
Of the 30 officials born in Kirkuk (Kerkük), Esad Efendi had the 15th highest salary.
- Hamdi Efendiborn 1877/78 (AH 1294); highest salary 380 kuruş
- Behçet Efendiborn 1876/77 (AH 1293); highest salary 300 kuruş
- Ahmet İzzet Efendiborn 1878 (AH 1295); highest salary 380 kuruş
- Yahya Naci Efendiborn 1878 (AH 1295); highest salary 300 kuruş
- Abdülaziz Efendiborn 1875/76 (AH 1292); highest salary 380 kuruş
The page of Kirkuk (Kerkük), with the 30 officials born there
First annual entry in the same year
Of the 189 officials whose first annual entry is for 1892/93 (AH 1310), Esad Efendi had the 82nd highest salary.
- Ali Ferit Efendifirst entry in Istanbul; highest salary 170 kuruş
- ALİ RIZA EFENDİfirst entry in Karaagac; highest salary 800 kuruş
- Emil Galbar Efendifirst entry in Beyoğlu; highest salary 225 kuruş
- İbrahim Ragıp Efendifirst entry in Istanbul; highest salary 500 kuruş
- Mehmet Hayri Efendifirst entry in Başkale; highest salary 540 kuruş
All 189 officials whose first annual entry is for 1892/93 (AH 1310)
Full record
Annual entries (15)
| Year | Title | Place | Kuruş a month | Institution | Source | Archive reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1892/93AH 1310 | Muhabere Memuru | Kirkuk (Kerkük) | 300 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 0047;91 |
| 1893/94AH 1311 | Muhabere Memuru | Kirkuk (Kerkük) | 300 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 0047;91 |
| 1894/95AH 1312 | Muhabere Memuru | Kirkuk (Kerkük) | 300 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 0047;91 |
| 1895/96AH 1313 | Muhabere Memuru | Kirkuk (Kerkük) | 300 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 0047;91 |
| 1896/97AH 1314 | Muhabere Memuru | Kirkuk (Kerkük) | 380 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 0047;91 |
| 1897/98AH 1315 | Askere Alindi | 440 | Military (Askeriye) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 58- 0047;91 | |
| 1898/99AH 1316 | Muhabere Memuru | Kirkuk (Kerkük) | 380 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 0047;91 |
| 1899/1900AH 1317 | Muhabere Memuru | Kirkuk (Kerkük) | 380 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 0047;91 |
| 1900/01AH 1318 | Muhabere Memuru | Kirkuk (Kerkük) | 380 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 0047;91 |
| 1901/02AH 1319 | Muhabere Memuru | Kirkuk (Kerkük) | 380 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 0047;91 |
| 1902/03AH 1320 | Muhabere Memuru | Kirkuk (Kerkük) | 380 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 0047;91 |
| 1903/04AH 1321 | Muhabere Memuru | Kirkuk (Kerkük) | 380 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 0047;91 |
| 1904/05AH 1322 | Muhabere Memuru | Kirkuk (Kerkük) | 380 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 0047;91 |
| 1905/06AH 1323 | Muhabere Memuru | Nasiriyah (Nasıriye) | 380 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 0047;91 |
| 1906/07AH 1324 | Muhabere Memuru | Nasiriyah (Nasıriye) | 513 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 0047;91 |
What the sources named in this table are
- Cross-ministry personnel workbook
- A personnel workbook with the annual entries in institutions other than the Post and Telegraph (justice, land registry, customs, police and others), with the same annual fields as the personnel workbook.
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
Sources and original values (24)
| Field | Recorded value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Identity | ||
| Name | Esad Efendi | Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Linked personnel workbook |
| Birth year (AH) | 1294 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Birthplace | kerkuk | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Birthplace: district (kaza) | Kerkuk | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Birthplace: sancak | Kerkuk | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Birthplace: province (vilayet) | Musul | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Province of birth | musul | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Father's occupation | Ketebe | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Religion | Musluman | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Nationality or community | Turkish | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Schooling | ||
| School | Rusdiye Mektebi | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Years of schooling | 7 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Years of apprenticeship (mülazemet) | 3 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| First work | ||
| First work: year (AH) | 1307 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Linked personnel workbook |
| First work: Gregorian year as stored | 1890 | Recovered annual personnel extract |
| First work: place | Kerkuk | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| First work: district (kaza) | Kerkuk | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| First work: sancak | Kerkuk | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| First work: province (vilayet) | musul | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| First job as worded | Telgraf | Linked personnel workbook; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Age at first work (workbook field) | 13 | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| First salary field (kuruş a month) | 300 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First-job salary of the original workbook (kuruş a month) | 300 | Linked personnel workbook; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Other recorded values | ||
| Note as worded | Mumaileyhin ismine kur‘a isabet ettiginden bin uc yuz on bes senesi Rebiulahirinin yedisinde 24 Agustos sene 1312 askere alinmagla memuriyeitnden bi’l-infisal | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
What the sources named in this table are
- Cross-ministry personnel workbook
- A personnel workbook with the annual entries in institutions other than the Post and Telegraph (justice, land registry, customs, police and others), with the same annual fields as the personnel workbook.
- Earlier annual personnel extract
- The detailed annual personnel file of October 2024. An official found only in this file keeps the years, titles and salaries it gives.
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
- Personnel attributes extract
- The detailed personnel file of September 2025, read for personal details such as birth, schooling and first work.
- Linked personnel workbook
- The original personnel workbook, from which selected fields on background and first work are taken.
- Origin of the record: Post and Telegraph personnel records.
- 13 annual entries of 15 belong to the saved estimation sample of the paper.
How to read this record: calendar years, years without an annual entry, salaries and sources.
Subjects
- Esad Efendi
- Communications official (Muhabere Memuru)
- Kirkuk (Kerkük)
- Rüşdiye school (Rüşdiye Mektebi)
- Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)
- Muslim (Müslüman)
- Askere Alindi
- Biography of an Ottoman official (Osmanlı memurunun biyografisi)
- Career and pay (memuriyet ve maaş)
- Ottoman history (Osmanlı tarihi)
- Ottoman bureaucracy (Osmanlı bürokrasisi)
- Ottoman officials (Osmanlı'da memurlar)
- Ottoman personnel registers (Sicill-i Ahvâl defterleri)
- Ottoman registers (Osmanlı defterleri)