Official
Unnamed official (0002_0176; 350)
Greek Orthodox Christian (Rum). Born in Istanbul (Dersaadet) in 1839/40 (AH 1255). On record 1860 to 1906, 47 annual entries. Death recorded 1906/07.
Archive reference 0002_0176; 350
Life#
This official was born in Istanbul in 1839/40 (AH 1255) into the Greek Orthodox Christian (Rum) community; the father was a merchant (tüccar). Schooling took four years, at a Greek Orthodox school (Rum Mektebi); the official also attended the telegraph school, and spoke French and Greek (Rum).
The official began work in Elbasan (İlbasan) in 1858/59, at about 19, with one unpaid year as a mülazım (apprentice) before a first salary of 750 kuruş. The first annual entry, for 1860/61, places the official in Elbasan as an official for foreign communications (Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti). The official then moved to five places in 12 years, then back to Diyarbakır from 1873 to 1878. The annual lists then follow the official to Beyoğlu from 1878 to 1881, then back to Istanbul, the birthplace, from 1881 to 1892. From 1892 to 1906 every annual entry places the official again in Beyoğlu. Few careers in the lists are as long; 32 of the 5,211 officials have entries spanning 47 years or more.
Pay rose from 750 kuruş a month in 1860/61 to a peak of 3,500 in 1905/06, as Başmüdür in Beyoğlu, when 99 per cent of paid officials earned less. After the last annual entry, for 1905/06, the list of 1906/07 (AH 1324) gives the status word Vefat (death).
Places in order of time#
Each number is a stop: the birthplace, the place of first work, then every place of the annual entries in turn. The year beside an arrow is the first entry at the new place.
Born 1839/40 (AH 1255)
First work 1858/59 (AH 1275); 1860/61 (AH 1277)
Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti
750 kuruş a month; entries in 1 year
1868 to 1872 (AH 1285 to 1288)
Başmüdür 1868 to 1871 (AH 1285 to 1287); BasmudurV. 1871/72 (AH 1288)
1,330 to 2,400 kuruş a month; entries in 4 years
1873 to 1878 (AH 1290 to 1294)
Müfettiş 1873 to 1876 (AH 1290 to 1292); Seyyar Mufettis 1876/77 (AH 1293); Başmüdür 1877/78 (AH 1294)
2,000 to 3,000 kuruş a month; entries in 5 years
1881 to 1892 (AH 1299 to 1309)
2,600 to 3,000 kuruş a month; entries in 11 years
Death recorded in the annual list of 1906/07 (AH 1324): the word Vefat, not a date of death.
Career and salary#
Log scale: equal steps are equal ratios. The median of the same title is drawn for the years in which at least 5 officials with that title had a salary.
The numbers of the chart
| Year | Salary | Median, all officials | Median, same title | Paid less |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1860/61 | 750 | 500 | 750 | 56% |
| 1861/62 | 1,000 | 600 | 61% | |
| 1862/63 | 1,200 | 500 | 75% | |
| 1863/64 | 3,375 | 500 | 96% | |
| 1864/65 | 3,375 | 625 | 96% | |
| 1865/66 | 3,375 | 650 | 96% | |
| 1866/67 | 3,375 | 600 | 97% | |
| 1867/68 | 3,375 | 600 | 97% | |
| 1868/69 | 2,400 | 600 | 93% | |
| 1869/70 | 2,400 | 600 | 93% | |
| 1870/71 | 2,400 | 600 | 93% | |
| 1871/72 | 1,330 | 550 | 88% | |
| 1872/73 | 1,900 | 550 | 2,150 | 92% |
| 1873/74 | 2,500 | 500 | 3,000 | 95% |
| 1874/75 | 2,500 | 535 | 3,000 | 94% |
| 1875/76 | 2,500 | 530 | 2,500 | 94% |
| 1876/77 | 2,000 | 582.5 | 1,750 | 92% |
| 1877/78 | 3,000 | 560 | 3,000 | 96% |
| 1878 | 2,500 | 600 | 2,250 | 93% |
| 1878/79 | 2,500 | 600 | 2,000 | 93% |
| 1879/80 | 2,000 | 500 | 2,000 | 93% |
| 1880/81 | 2,500 | 500 | 2,200 | 97% |
| 1881/82 | 2,600 | 500 | 2,400 | 97% |
| 1882/83 | 2,600 | 500 | 2,400 | 97% |
| 1883/84 | 2,600 | 500 | 2,400 | 97% |
| 1884/85 | 2,600 | 500 | 2,550 | 96% |
| 1885/86 | 2,600 | 500 | 3,000 | 96% |
| 1886/87 | 2,600 | 500 | 3,000 | 96% |
| 1887/88 | 2,600 | 500 | 3,000 | 96% |
| 1888/89 | 3,000 | 500 | 3,000 | 97% |
| 1889/90 | 3,000 | 500 | 3,000 | 97% |
| 1890/91 | 3,000 | 500 | 3,000 | 97% |
| 1891/92 | 3,000 | 500 | 3,000 | 97% |
| 1892/93 | 3,000 | 500 | 2,625 | 98% |
| 1893/94 | 3,000 | 500 | 2,625 | 98% |
| 1894/95 | 3,000 | 500 | 2,850 | 98% |
| 1895/96 | 3,300 | 500 | 2,825 | 98% |
| 1896/97 | 3,150 | 500 | 2,632.5 | 98% |
| 1897/98 | 3,150 | 500 | 2,632.5 | 98% |
| 1898/99 | 3,150 | 500 | 2,610 | 99% |
| 1899/1900 | 3,150 | 500 | 2,700 | 99% |
| 1900/01 | 3,150 | 500 | 2,610 | 98% |
| 1901/02 | 3,250 | 500 | 2,700 | 99% |
| 1902/03 | 3,250 | 500 | 2,700 | 98% |
| 1903/04 | 3,250 | 475 | 2,650 | 99% |
| 1904/05 | 3,250 | 450 | 2,700 | 99% |
| 1905/06 | 3,500 | 475 | 2,600 | 99% |
Paid less: the share of the other officials with a salary that year who earned less.
Point at a year for its salary, title, place and the median of all officials paid that year. Choose a row of the table to mark its years in the charts and its stop on the map.
| Years | Title | Place | Salary (kuruş a month) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1858/59AH 1275 | First work | Elbasan (İlbasan) | 750first-salary field |
| 1860/61AH 1277 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Elbasan (İlbasan) | 750 |
| 1861/62AH 1278 | BasmudurV. | Vlorë (Avlonya) | 1,000 |
| 1862/63AH 1279 | BasmudurV. | Mostar | 1,200 |
| 1863 to 1868AH 1280 to 1284 | Başmüdür | Al-Faw (Fav) | 3,375 |
| 1868 to 1871AH 1285 to 1287 | Başmüdür | Diyarbakır | 2,400 |
| 1871/72AH 1288 | BasmudurV. | Diyarbakır | 1,330 |
| 1872/73AH 1289 | Müfettiş Muavini | Baghdad (Bağdat) | 1,900 |
| 1873 to 1876AH 1290 to 1292 | Müfettiş | Diyarbakır | 2,500 |
| 1876/77AH 1293 | Seyyar Mufettis | Diyarbakır | 2,000 |
| 1877/78AH 1294 | Başmüdür | Diyarbakır | 3,000 |
| 1878 to 1881AH 1295 to 1298 | Müdür | Beyoğlu | 2,500 |
| 1881 to 1892AH 1299 to 1309 | Başmüdür | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 2,600 to 3,000 |
| 1892 to 1906AH 1310 to 1323 | Başmüdür | Beyoğlu | 3,000 to 3,500 |
| 1906/07AH 1324 | Death recorded | ||
Record#
Personal
- Born
- 1839/40 (AH 1255)
- Birthplace
- Istanbul (Dersaadet)
- Community
- Greek Orthodox Christian (Rum)
- Nationality as recorded
- Rum
- Father's occupation
- Tuccar
- Death recorded
- 1906/07 (AH 1324)the year of the annual list with the word Vefat, not a date of death
Education
- Community school
- Rum Mektebi (4 years)Greek Orthodox (Rum) school
- Higher or professional
- Telgraf Mektebitelegraph school; recorded as a code
- Unpaid years (mülazemet)
- 1 year
- Preparation route (classification of the paper)
- Low
- Qualification (diploma, certificate, training or nişan)
- NoShown as in the flag of the paper. The qualification column of the recovered extract gives yes.
The years count all schooling up to that school, as the record gives them.
Languages
- French
- Tekellumspeaking
- Greek (Rum)
- Tekellumspeaking. Rum is the word of the records for Greek as spoken by the Orthodox Christians of the empire. It is kept apart from the column Greek, which the records also have
The glosses are cautious historical readings of the recorded words, not modern levels of proficiency.
First work
- Year
- 1858/59 (AH 1275)
- Place
- Elbasan (İlbasan)
- First salary field (kuruş a month)
- 750
Recorded with#
Officials who share a place, a job title, a school, a birthplace or the year of the first annual entry. Ranks compare the highest monthly salary of each official.
Same place, same years
Of the 344 officials with entries in Beyoğlu in the same years, Unnamed official (0002_0176; 350) had the 16th highest salary.
- Paskal Mıgırdıç Kazancıyan Efendi18 shared years; highest salary 2,905 kuruş
- Nikola Yunani Efendi18 shared years; highest salary 1,350 kuruş
- Taşçıyan Markar Efendi18 shared years; highest salary 1,300 kuruş
- Acemyan Dikran Efendi18 shared years; highest salary 1,100 kuruş
- Süleyman Sabri Efendi18 shared years; highest salary 1,100 kuruş
Same job title, same years
Of the 56 officials with the title Başmüdür in the same years, Unnamed official (0002_0176; 350) had the 15th highest salary.
- Hasan Tahsin Efendi21 shared years; highest salary 3,000 kuruş
- Bahattin Bey20 shared years; highest salary 4,000 kuruş
- Mahmut Hilmi Efendi17 shared years; highest salary 3,000 kuruş
- Mehmet Şevket Efendi16 shared years; highest salary 4,000 kuruş
- Mahmut Bedri Efendi14 shared years; highest salary 6,040 kuruş
Same school
Of the 61 officials with Rum Mektebi among their schools, Unnamed official (0002_0176; 350) had the 2nd highest salary.
- Aristidi Kaçaris Efendiborn 1838/39 (AH 1254); highest salary 720 kuruş
- Andon Fakaro Efendiborn 1840/41 (AH 1256); highest salary 2,350 kuruş
- Anastaş Nikolaidis Efendiborn 1837/38 (AH 1253); highest salary 800 kuruş
- Esperdiyon Diloti Efendiborn 1837/38 (AH 1253); highest salary 3,360 kuruş
- Madilli Efendiborn 1837/38 (AH 1253); highest salary 3,500 kuruş
Same birthplace
Of the 1,999 officials born in Istanbul, 1,997 have a recorded salary; Unnamed official (0002_0176; 350) had the 63rd highest salary of them.
- Ahmet Hamdi Efendiborn 1839/40 (AH 1255); highest salary 1,000 kuruş
- Apostolaki Cizli Efendiborn 1839/40 (AH 1255); highest salary 1,440 kuruş
- Hacı Mehmet Efendiborn 1839/40 (AH 1255); highest salary 550 kuruş
- Haci Mehmet Sezayi Beyborn 1839/40 (AH 1255); highest salary 2,000 kuruş
- Hacı Osman Nuri Efendiborn 1839/40 (AH 1255); highest salary 1,250 kuruş
First annual entry in the same year
Of the 38 officials whose first annual entry is for 1860/61 (AH 1277), Unnamed official (0002_0176; 350) had the 5th highest salary.
- Ahmet Hamdi Efendifirst entry in İzmit; highest salary 1,000 kuruş
- Apostolaki Cizli Efendifirst entry in Istanbul; highest salary 1,440 kuruş
- Haci Nazmi Efendifirst entry in Izmir (İzmir); highest salary 1,000 kuruş
- Hacı Osman Nuri Efendifirst entry in Istanbul; highest salary 1,250 kuruş
- Hüseyin Hüsnü Efendifirst entry in Sivas; highest salary 1,690 kuruş
Full record
Annual entries (47)
| Year | Title | Place | Kuruş a month | Institution | Source | Archive reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1860/61AH 1277 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Elbasan (İlbasan) | 750 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0002_0176; 350 |
| 1861/62AH 1278 | BasmudurV. | Vlorë (Avlonya) | 1,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0002_0176; 350 |
| 1862/63AH 1279 | BasmudurV. | Mostar | 1,200 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0002_0176; 350 |
| 1863/64AH 1280 | Başmüdür | Al-Faw (Fav) | 3,375 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0002_0176; 350 |
| 1864/65AH 1281 | Başmüdür | Al-Faw (Fav) | 3,375 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0002_0176; 350 |
| 1865/66AH 1282 | Başmüdür | Al-Faw (Fav) | 3,375 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0002_0176; 350 |
| 1866/67AH 1283 | Başmüdür | Al-Faw (Fav) | 3,375 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0002_0176; 350 |
| 1867/68AH 1284 | Başmüdür | Al-Faw (Fav) | 3,375 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0002_0176; 350 |
| 1868/69AH 1285 | Başmüdür | Diyarbakır | 2,400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0002_0176; 350 |
| 1869/70AH 1286 | Başmüdür | Diyarbakır | 2,400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0002_0176; 350 |
| 1870/71AH 1287 | Başmüdür | Diyarbakır | 2,400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0002_0176; 350 |
| 1871/72AH 1288 | BasmudurV. | Diyarbakır | 1,330 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0002_0176; 350 |
| 1872/73AH 1289 | Müfettiş Muavini | Baghdad (Bağdat) | 1,900 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0002_0176; 350 |
| 1873/74AH 1290 | Müfettiş | Diyarbakır | 2,500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0002_0176; 350 |
| 1874/75AH 1291 | Müfettiş | Diyarbakır | 2,500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0002_0176; 350 |
| 1875/76AH 1292 | Müfettiş | Diyarbakır | 2,500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0002_0176; 350 |
| 1876/77AH 1293 | Seyyar Mufettis | Diyarbakır | 2,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0002_0176; 350 |
| 1877/78AH 1294 | Başmüdür | Diyarbakır | 3,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0002_0176; 350 |
| 1878AH 1295 | Müdür | Beyoğlu | 2,500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0002_0176; 350 |
| 1878/79AH 1296 | Müdür | Beyoğlu | 2,500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0002_0176; 350 |
| 1879/80AH 1297 | Müdür | Beyoğlu | 2,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0002_0176; 350 |
| 1880/81AH 1298 | Müdür | Beyoğlu | 2,500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0002_0176; 350 |
| 1881/82AH 1299 | Başmüdür | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 2,600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0002_0176; 350 |
| 1882/83AH 1300 | Başmüdür | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 2,600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0002_0176; 350 |
| 1883/84AH 1301 | Başmüdür | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 2,600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0002_0176; 350 |
| 1884/85AH 1302 | Başmüdür | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 2,600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0002_0176; 350 |
| 1885/86AH 1303 | Başmüdür | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 2,600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0002_0176; 350 |
| 1886/87AH 1304 | Başmüdür | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 2,600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0002_0176; 350 |
| 1887/88AH 1305 | Başmüdür | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 2,600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0002_0176; 350 |
| 1888/89AH 1306 | Başmüdür | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 3,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0002_0176; 350 |
| 1889/90AH 1307 | Başmüdür | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 3,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0002_0176; 350 |
| 1890/91AH 1308 | Başmüdür | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 3,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0002_0176; 350 |
| 1891/92AH 1309 | Başmüdür | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 3,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0002_0176; 350 |
| 1892/93AH 1310 | Başmüdür | Beyoğlu | 3,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0002_0176; 350 |
| 1893/94AH 1311 | Başmüdür | Beyoğlu | 3,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0002_0176; 350 |
| 1894/95AH 1312 | Başmüdür | Beyoğlu | 3,000 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0002_0176; 350 |
| 1895/96AH 1313 | Başmüdür | Beyoğlu | 3,300 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0002_0176; 350 |
| 1896/97AH 1314 | Başmüdür | Beyoğlu | 3,150 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0002_0176; 350 |
| 1897/98AH 1315 | Başmüdür | Beyoğlu | 3,150 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0002_0176; 350 |
| 1898/99AH 1316 | Başmüdür | Beyoğlu | 3,150 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0002_0176; 350 |
| 1899/1900AH 1317 | Başmüdür | Beyoğlu | 3,150 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0002_0176; 350 |
| 1900/01AH 1318 | Başmüdür | Beyoğlu | 3,150 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0002_0176; 350 |
| 1901/02AH 1319 | Başmüdür | Beyoğlu | 3,250 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0002_0176; 350 |
| 1902/03AH 1320 | Başmüdür | Beyoğlu | 3,250 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0002_0176; 350 |
| 1903/04AH 1321 | Başmüdür | Beyoğlu | 3,250 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0002_0176; 350 |
| 1904/05AH 1322 | Başmüdür | Beyoğlu | 3,250 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0002_0176; 350 |
| 1905/06AH 1323 | Başmüdür | Beyoğlu | 3,500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0002_0176; 350 |
What the sources named in this table are
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
Sources and original values (15)
| Field | Recorded value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Identity | ||
| Birth year (AH) | 1255 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Birthplace | dersaadet | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Province of birth | dersaadet | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Father's occupation | tuccar | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Religion | Hristiyan | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Nationality or community | Rum | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Schooling | ||
| School | Rum Mektebi | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Years of schooling | 4 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Telegraph school (recorded code) | 1 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Years of apprenticeship (mülazemet) | 1 | Recovered annual personnel extract |
| First work | ||
| First work: year (AH) | 1275 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First work: Gregorian year as stored | 1859 | Recovered annual personnel extract |
| First work: place | ilbasan | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First salary field (kuruş a month) | 750 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Status | ||
| Death recorded under the year (AH) | 1324 | Earlier annual personnel extract (original copy); Earlier annual personnel extract (parallel copy) |
What the sources named in this table are
- Earlier annual personnel extract (original copy)
- A copy of the earlier annual personnel file, read for the title wording of each year. A death taken from it is the status word Vefat in the title field of one annual list: the year is the year of that list, not a date of death.
- Earlier annual personnel extract (parallel copy)
- A second copy of the earlier annual personnel file, read in the same way. A death taken from it is the status word Vefat in the title field of one annual list: the year is the year of that list, not a date of death. Two copies that agree are one piece of evidence, not two.
- Earlier annual personnel extract
- The detailed annual personnel file of October 2024. An official found only in this file keeps the years, titles and salaries it gives.
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
- Personnel attributes extract
- The detailed personnel file of September 2025, read for personal details such as birth, schooling and first work.
- Origin of the record: Post and Telegraph personnel records.
- 36 annual entries of 47 belong to the saved estimation sample of the paper.
How to read this record: calendar years, years without an annual entry, salaries and sources.
Subjects
- Unnamed official (0002_0176; 350)
- Chief director (Başmüdür)
- Beyoğlu
- Istanbul (Dersaadet)
- Greek Orthodox (Rum) school (Rum Mektebi)
- Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)
- Greek Orthodox Christian (Rum)
- Biography of an Ottoman official (Osmanlı memurunun biyografisi)
- Career and pay (memuriyet ve maaş)
- Ottoman history (Osmanlı tarihi)
- Ottoman bureaucracy (Osmanlı bürokrasisi)
- Ottoman officials (Osmanlı'da memurlar)
- Ottoman personnel registers (Sicill-i Ahvâl defterleri)
- Ottoman registers (Osmanlı defterleri)