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Job title

Muhasebat-ı Ecnebiye Kalemi

Foreign accounts office

Group of job titles: Accounts and statistics

Stored spellings: Muhasebati Ecnebiye Kalemi; muhasebati ecnebiye kalemi

31 officials held the job title Muhasebat-ı Ecnebiye Kalemi. Its 365 annual entries run from 1861 to 1911 (AH 1278 to 1328). The median of the 365 recorded monthly salaries is 650 kuruş, against 500 kuruş for the whole collection in the same years. The median entry paid 1.2 times the collection median of its year. On average an official was paid more than 61 per cent of the other officials with a salary in the same year. Half of the officials have an entry in it in no more than 9 different years, and a quarter in 18 or more. It was the first title on record for 61 per cent of the officials and the last for 42 per cent. No other title is recorded for 23 per cent of them. The entries name 3 places. The place with the largest number of officials is Istanbul, with 29.

Officials
31
Years on recordAH 1278 to 1328, 51 years with an entry
1861 to 1911
Median monthly salary1.25× the collection median of the same years (500 kuruş)
650 kuruş
Places with officials
3
First job title on recordfor 19 of the 31 officials
61%

Profile of the group: Accounts and statistics

No source read describes Muhasebat-ı Ecnebiye Kalemi by itself, so this is the profile of its group of job titles.

Offices of accounts, collections and statistics. Ministries kept accountants (muhasebeci) among their central officials, as the regulation of 1879 for the Ministry of Justice and the gendarmerie regulation of 1903/04 for the Ministry of Police show.

Hard skillsinferred from the duties

  • bookkeeping (usûl-i defterî, defter tutma usulü), which the Mülkiye taught from 1859 and the rüşdiye from 1869

A field marked "inferred from the duties" is reasoned from the duties or the words of the group; the sources below do not state it.

Sources

  1. Akyıldız, Ali (2019). Mekteb-i Mülkiyye. TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, supplement vol. 2 (revised third printing), 238-240. Online copy (read 14 October 2026).Pages or part: 238. Used for: hard skills.
  2. Yavuz, Hulusi (1988). Adliye Nezâreti. TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, vol. 1, 389-390. Online copy (read 14 October 2026).Pages or part: 389. Used for: summary.
  3. Özcan, Abdülkadir (2013). Zaptiye. TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, vol. 44, 128-130. Online copy (read 14 October 2026).Pages or part: 128-130. Used for: summary.
  4. Öztürk, Cemil (2008). Rüşdiye. TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, vol. 35, 300-303. Online copy (read 14 October 2026).Pages or part: 301. Used for: hard skills.
All years

Monthly salary each year

The median of the 365 recorded monthly salaries is 650 kuruş, the mean 743 kuruş.
02004006008001,0001,2001863/64AH 12801868/69AH 12851873/74AH 12901878AH 12951882/83AH 13001887/88AH 13051892/93AH 13101897/98AH 13151902/03AH 13201907/08AH 1325Median 880 kuruş in 1904/05Muhasebat-ı Ecnebiye Kalemi, median of years with 5 or more salariesMean of the same yearsWhole collectionFewer than 5 salaries, not joined to the lineAbove the scale

The same numbers as a table
Monthly salary each year in kuruş, Muhasebat-ı Ecnebiye Kalemi
YearRecorded salariesMedianMeanLower quartileUpper quartileMedian of the whole collection
1861/621400400400400600
1862/631400400400400500
1863/641750750750750500
1864/6521,0671,067908.51,225.5625
1865/664575729.5396908.5650
1866/674675783.5550908.5600
1867/683720751.334351,052600
1868/696435545.67150720600
1869/707200512.86150720600
1870/7110250463.9191.75662.5600
1871/728325581.25287.5825550
1872/738385618.75350825550
1873/748470670452.5825500
1874/758520728.12473.75872.5535
1875/768532.5768.12520917.5530
1876/7710600750562.5712.5575
1877/7810600760600712.5560
187810650805612.5787.5600
1878/7910650820650787.5600
1879/8011600700570730500
1880/8111600797.275851,000500
1881/8211600797.275851,000500
1882/8311650801.825851,000500
1883/8411600706.36535750500
1884/8510600637577.5687.5500
1885/8610600652577.5687.5500
1886/8712600588.33450725500
1887/8812600598.33450725500
1888/8910645668547.5787.5500
1889/909630656.11530750500
1890/918645671.88565775500
1891/928645671.88565775500
1892/937710717.86645800500
1893/948730711.25637.5800500
1894/9511710776.36425840500
1895/9611710800.45487.5885500
1896/979600677.78495765500
1897/988665713.12545818.75500
1898/997750734.29512.5872.5500
1899/19006775830637.5935500
1900/016825946.67762.5947.5500
1901/0268201,001.67762.5945500
1902/0368201,026.67762.5945500
1903/0468201,035800945475
1904/0558801,038800890450
1905/0649051,115792.51,227.5475
1906/074932.51,163.75802.51,293.75450
1907/0821,5701,5701,2301,910300
1908/0939301,226.676651,640350
1909/102700700550850462.5
1910/111400400400400500

Salaries are nominal monthly amounts in kuruş, as assigned. The thick line is the median of each year and the thin line the mean. A year with fewer than 5 recorded salaries is drawn as an open mark and is not joined to the line.

Pay against the whole collection

Officials by their median monthly salary in this job
Officials of this jobWhole collection
13%3%29%26%16%10%3%01002003004005007501,0001,5002,500

31 officials with a salary, each counted once in the band of the median of the official's salaries in this job. A bar runs from its number to the next; the last is 2,500 kuruş and more. Most officials (29%) are in the band 400 to 500 kuruş.

The same numbers as a table
Officials of Muhasebat-ı Ecnebiye Kalemi by median monthly salary
Median monthly salary, kuruşOfficialsShareWhole collection
0 to 10000%3%
100 to 200413%10%
200 to 30000%17%
300 to 40013%18%
400 to 500929%17%
500 to 750826%23%
750 to 1,000516%5%
1,000 to 1,500310%4%
1,500 to 2,50013%2%
2,500 and more00%1%

The median of the 365 recorded monthly salaries of this job is 650 kuruş. In the same years the whole collection paid a median of 500 kuruş. The median entry paid 1.25× the collection median of its year, and the middle half of the entries between 0.98× and 1.7×. On average an official of this job was paid more than 61% of the other paid officials of the same year.

Times the collection median1.25×0.25×0.5×1×2×4×Share of paid officials earning less61%0%25%50%75%100%

The dot is the median, the box the middle half of the entries. Dashed lines: the collection median of the same years (1×) and the middle of the paid officials (50%).

Where the job was held

All years
3 places with officials on record, 3 of them with a position on the map. A larger dot means more officials.
Seat of a province (vilayet) Other place Office or region
Istanbul (Dersaadet)29 officials1 official

All 3 places, all years
PlaceOfficialsRemark
Istanbul (Dersaadet)29
Beyoğlu4
Mabeyni humayun1

Career paths: the titles just before and after

The number is the officials who made the move. Under it, the median change of the monthly salary: the first salary of the later title less the last salary of the earlier one, where at least 5 moves have both.

Held just before

The title of the entries just before a run of Muhasebat-ı Ecnebiye Kalemi. Pay: the change on moving from that title to Muhasebat-ı Ecnebiye Kalemi. The 8 titles with most officials, of 12 moves in all.

  1. Memurofficial2
  2. Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyetipost of official for foreign communications2
  3. Evrak Kalemidocuments office1
  4. Kontrol Kalemicontrol office1
  5. Kontrol Kalemi Basmemuru1
  6. Mevrude Memuruofficial for incoming items1
  7. Muhabere Memurucommunications official (telegraph operator)1
  8. Muhasebe Kalemiaccounts office1

Held just after

The title of the entries just after a run of Muhasebat-ı Ecnebiye Kalemi. Pay: the change on moving from Muhasebat-ı Ecnebiye Kalemi to that title. The 8 titles with most officials, of 18 moves in all.

  1. Kontrol Kalemicontrol office4
  2. Müdür Muaviniassistant director3
  3. Ecnebi Kalemi Muduru1
  4. Fen Kalemi1
  5. Fen Musaviri1
  6. Havalename Kalemi Basmemuriyeti1
  7. Mevrude Basmemur Muavini1
  8. Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyetipost of official for foreign communications1

Of the 23 moves shown, 4 cross at least one year without an annual entry; nothing is known about those years. Two posts held in the same years are not counted as a move.

Time in the job

Years with an entry in the job
9 yearsmedian over 31 officials
A quarter of the officials
18 years or moreupper quartile
Most years of one official
38 years
  1. First job title on recordthe first year with an entry with a job title has it61%19 officials
  2. Last job title on recordthe last such year has it42%13 officials
  3. No other job titlein the whole record23%7 officials
  4. One place in the jobof 31 officials with a place recorded90%28 officials

Years are years with an annual entry in the job, each counted once for an official. They need not follow one another, and nothing is known about a year without an entry. With two posts in the first or last year, both count.

Who held the job

Officials of this jobWhole collection

Community

31 officials with it recorded.

  1. Muslim (Müslüman)42%13
  2. Armenian Christian (Ermeni)35%11
  3. Greek Orthodox Christian (Rum)19%6
  4. Chaldean Christian (Keldani)3%1

Age at the first annual entry in the job

31 officials with it recorded.

  1. under 150%0
  2. 15 to 1926%8
  3. 20 to 2445%14
  4. 25 to 2910%3
  5. 30 to 343%1
  6. 35 to 393%1
  7. 40 and over13%4

Province of birth

31 officials with it recorded.

  1. Istanbul (Dersaadet) province84%26
  2. Ankara province6%2
  3. Biga province3%1
  4. Crete (Girit) province3%1
  5. Egypt (Mısır) province3%1

Schooling

31 officials with it recorded. An official can have several, so the shares add up to more than 100%. The groups of the schools recorded for each official.

  1. Higher or professional42%13
  2. Darüşşafaka23%7
  3. Foreign school19%6
  4. Community school16%5
  5. Rüşdiye16%5
  6. Other named school6%2
  7. Primary6%2

Languages

31 officials with it recorded. An official can have several, so the shares add up to more than 100%.

  1. French94%29
  2. Turkish90%28
  3. Greek (Rum)42%13
  4. Armenian32%10
  5. Italian26%8
  6. English13%4
  7. Arabic10%3
  8. Persian6%2

Qualification

31 officials with it recorded. A diploma, certificate, training or decoration (nişan) recorded in the schooling or the work.

  1. No68%21
  2. Yes32%10

Officials on record each year

The fullest year is 1886/87 (AH 1304) with 12 officials. Years with an annual entry: 51.
0246810121863/64AH 12801868/69AH 12851873/74AH 12901878AH 12951882/83AH 13001887/88AH 13051892/93AH 13101897/98AH 13151902/03AH 13201907/08AH 132512 in 1886/87Recorded in an earlier year tooFirst recorded in this year

The same numbers as a table
Officials on record each year, Muhasebat-ı Ecnebiye Kalemi
YearOfficials on recordFirst recordedAnnual entries
1861/62 (AH 1278)111
1862/63 (AH 1279)101
1863/64 (AH 1280)101
1864/65 (AH 1281)212
1865/66 (AH 1282)424
1866/67 (AH 1283)404
1867/68 (AH 1284)313
1868/69 (AH 1285)636
1869/70 (AH 1286)717
1870/71 (AH 1287)10310
1871/72 (AH 1288)808
1872/73 (AH 1289)808
1873/74 (AH 1290)808
1874/75 (AH 1291)808
1875/76 (AH 1292)808
1876/77 (AH 1293)10210
1877/78 (AH 1294)10010
1878 (AH 1295)10010
1878/79 (AH 1296)10010
1879/80 (AH 1297)11111
1880/81 (AH 1298)11011
1881/82 (AH 1299)11011
1882/83 (AH 1300)11111
1883/84 (AH 1301)11111
1884/85 (AH 1302)10010
1885/86 (AH 1303)10010
1886/87 (AH 1304)12212
1887/88 (AH 1305)12112
1888/89 (AH 1306)10010
1889/90 (AH 1307)909
1890/91 (AH 1308)808
1891/92 (AH 1309)808
1892/93 (AH 1310)707
1893/94 (AH 1311)818
1894/95 (AH 1312)11311
1895/96 (AH 1313)11111
1896/97 (AH 1314)909
1897/98 (AH 1315)808
1898/99 (AH 1316)707
1899/1900 (AH 1317)606
1900/01 (AH 1318)616
1901/02 (AH 1319)616
1902/03 (AH 1320)606
1903/04 (AH 1321)606
1904/05 (AH 1322)515
1905/06 (AH 1323)404
1906/07 (AH 1324)404
1907/08 (AH 1325)202
1908/09 (AH 1326)313
1909/10 (AH 1327)212
1910/11 (AH 1328)111

An official is counted once in a year. First recorded is the first year in which the collection has an annual entry of the official on this page. It is not a hiring date.

Places

Places of Muhasebat-ı Ecnebiye Kalemi, the place with most officials first
PlaceProvinceOfficialsAnnual entriesYears
Istanbul (Dersaadet)Istanbul (Dersaadet) province292791864 to 1911
BeyoğluIstanbul (Dersaadet) province4711861 to 1905
Mabeyni humayunIstanbul (Dersaadet) province1151894 to 1909

Ottoman officials recorded

31 officials, the one with most annual entries first. The first 25 are shown, the others are under them.

Officials of Muhasebat-ı Ecnebiye Kalemi
OfficialYearsAnnual entriesKuruş a monthBirthplace
David Efendi1870 to 190738200 to 975Kayseri
Andon Tomasyan Efendi1869 to 190537150 to 800Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Andon Fakaro Efendi1876 to 190934700 to 2,350Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Anastasyadi Hristo Efendi1867 to 189630150 to 710Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Apostolaki Cizli Efendi1868 to 189629500 to 920Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Melkok Efendi1864 to 1884211,200 to 1,600Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Teohari Efendi1868 to 188821150 to 800Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Ohannes Abdullah Efendi1865 to 188319384 to 1,500Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Kirkor Abdullah Efendi1876 to 189217300 to 600Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Rupenyan Efendi1868 to 188215150 to 650Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mustafa Efendi1883 to 189714150 to 550Ayaş
Hasan Basri Efendi1894 to 190410400 to 640Çanakkale
Ohannes Papasyan Efendi1894 to 190410980 to 2,000Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Pierre Hason Efendi1879 to 188910760 to 1,200Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Hüseyin Efendi1886 to 18959170 to 760Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Zennub Kapamacıyan Efendi1901 to 19109800 to 1,000Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Oseb Eğerciyan Efendi1882 to 18908500 to 530Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Antuvan İbrahim Keldani Efendi1861 to 18676400 to 750Misir
Hasan Kazım Efendi1893 to 18996400 to 425Istanbul (Dersaadet)
İsmail Muhtar Bey1895 to 19005300 to 450Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mehmet Arif Efendi1894 to 18984400 to 585Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Agop Maryan Efendi1904 to 19073470 to 540Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Yakob Emanuelidi Efendi Bin Emanuel1865 to 18672400Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Ali Edip Efendi1910/111400Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Antuvan Ramiz Efendi1870/711150Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Show the other 6 officials
Officials of Muhasebat-ı Ecnebiye Kalemi, continued
OfficialYearsAnnual entriesKuruş a monthBirthplace
Haşim Efendi1900/011850Chania (Hanya)
İbrahim Sarim Bey1870/711150Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mehmet Emin Efendi1886/871170Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mehmet Ferit Bey1887/881170Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mehmet Fethi Efendi1908/091400Istanbul (Dersaadet)
Mustafa Efendi1909/101400Istanbul (Dersaadet)

Years run from the first to the last annual entry. An official without a recorded name is listed after the named officials.

How to read these records: years and calendars, what first recorded means, gaps between annual entries, and salaries.

Subjects