Official
Tertine Efendi
Christian (Hristiyan). Born in Istanbul (Dersaadet) in 1835/36 (AH 1251). On record 1864 to 1897, 34 annual entries. Death recorded 1897/98.
Archive reference 54_146; 289
Life#
Born in Istanbul in 1835/36 (AH 1251), Tertine Efendi came from the Christian (Hristiyan) community, Italian (Italyan) by nationality; the father was a tradesman (esnaf). Tertine had seven years of schooling, at a French school (Fransız Mektebi), and wrote French, Greek (Rum) and Italian.
At about 28, in 1863/64, Tertine began work in Istanbul, with one unpaid year as a mülazım (apprentice) before a first salary of 576 kuruş. The first annual entry, for 1864/65, places Tertine in Gaza (Gazze) as an official for foreign communications (Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti). Next came Aleppo (Halep) from 1866 to 1871, then six places in ten years, from Adana to Büyükdere. From 1880 to 1897 the annual entries place Tertine again in Beyoğlu. Of the 775 officials whose entries span 30 years or more, fewer than 7 per cent kept one title throughout. Few officials served in as many provinces; fewer than 7 per cent of the 5,200 officials with a place of service did.
The salary went from 576 kuruş a month in 1864/65 to 850 in 1895/96, the peak, as Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti in Beyoğlu, when 84 per cent of paid officials earned less. The peak lasted a single year; the next list gives 765 kuruş. The last annual entry is for 1896/97; the list of 1897/98 (AH 1315) gives the status word Vefat (death).
Places in order of time#
Each number is a stop: the birthplace, the place of first work, then every place of the annual entries in turn. The year beside an arrow is the first entry at the new place.
Born 1835/36 (AH 1251); First work 1863/64 (AH 1280)
1878 to 1880 (AH 1296 to 1297)
Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti
600 to 750 kuruş a month; entries in 2 years
1880 to 1897 (AH 1298 to 1314)
Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti
600 to 850 kuruş a month; entries in 17 years
Death recorded in the annual list of 1897/98 (AH 1315): the word Vefat, not a date of death.
Career and salary#
Log scale: equal steps are equal ratios. The median of the same title is drawn for the years in which at least 5 officials with that title had a salary, and the median of the same province for the years in which at least 5 officials were paid in the province of the official's salary that year.
The numbers of the chart
| Year | Salary | Median, all officials | Median, same title | Median, same province | Paid less |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1864/65 | 576 | 625 | 860 | 40% | |
| 1865/66 | 576 | 650 | 588 | 38% | |
| 1866/67 | 600 | 600 | 600 | 600 | 49% |
| 1867/68 | 600 | 600 | 600 | 600 | 48% |
| 1868/69 | 600 | 600 | 570 | 600 | 47% |
| 1869/70 | 600 | 600 | 576 | 600 | 48% |
| 1870/71 | 600 | 600 | 600 | 600 | 49% |
| 1871/72 | 800 | 550 | 570 | 760 | 70% |
| 1872/73 | 760 | 550 | 585 | 760 | 64% |
| 1873/74 | 760 | 500 | 570 | 570 | 65% |
| 1874/75 | 760 | 535 | 650 | 860 | 65% |
| 1875/76 | 760 | 530 | 700 | 855 | 67% |
| 1876/77 | 600 | 582.5 | 600 | 587.5 | 50% |
| 1877/78 | 600 | 560 | 600 | 600 | 50% |
| 1878 | 600 | 600 | 600 | 600 | 46% |
| 1878/79 | 750 | 600 | 600 | 600 | 63% |
| 1879/80 | 600 | 500 | 500 | 500 | 61% |
| 1880/81 | 600 | 500 | 500 | 500 | 60% |
| 1881/82 | 600 | 500 | 500 | 500 | 60% |
| 1882/83 | 600 | 500 | 500 | 500 | 59% |
| 1883/84 | 600 | 500 | 500 | 500 | 59% |
| 1884/85 | 600 | 500 | 500 | 500 | 59% |
| 1885/86 | 600 | 500 | 500 | 500 | 58% |
| 1886/87 | 600 | 500 | 500 | 500 | 59% |
| 1887/88 | 600 | 500 | 500 | 500 | 58% |
| 1888/89 | 675 | 500 | 500 | 500 | 71% |
| 1889/90 | 675 | 500 | 500 | 500 | 72% |
| 1890/91 | 675 | 500 | 500 | 500 | 73% |
| 1891/92 | 675 | 500 | 500 | 500 | 73% |
| 1892/93 | 800 | 500 | 500 | 500 | 80% |
| 1893/94 | 800 | 500 | 500 | 480 | 80% |
| 1894/95 | 800 | 500 | 500 | 450 | 81% |
| 1895/96 | 850 | 500 | 500 | 440 | 84% |
| 1896/97 | 765 | 500 | 495 | 425 | 85% |
Paid less: the share of the other officials with a salary that year who earned less.
Point at a year for its salary, title, place and the median of all officials paid that year. Choose a row of the table to mark its years in the charts and its stop on the map.
| Years | Title | Place | Salary (kuruş a month) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1863/64AH 1280 | First work | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 576first-salary field |
| 1864 to 1866AH 1281 to 1282 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Gaza (Gazze) | 576 |
| 1866 to 1871AH 1283 to 1287 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Aleppo (Halep) | 600 |
| 1871/72AH 1288 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Adana | 800 |
| 1872/73AH 1289 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Mersin | 760 |
| 1873/74AH 1290 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Damascus (Şam) | 760 |
| 1874 to 1876AH 1291 to 1292 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Shkodër (İşkodra) | 760 |
| 1876 to 1878AH 1293 to 1295 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Beyoğlu | 600 |
| 1878 to 1880AH 1296 to 1297 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Büyükdere | 750 to 600 |
| 1880 to 1897AH 1298 to 1314 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Beyoğlu | 600 to 765 |
| 1897/98AH 1315 | Death recorded | ||
Record#
Personal
- Born
- 1835/36 (AH 1251)
- Birthplace
- Istanbul (Dersaadet)
- Community
- Christian (Hristiyan)
- Nationality as recorded
- italyan
- Father's occupation
- Esnaf
- Death recorded
- 1897/98 (AH 1315)the year of the annual list with the word Vefat, not a date of death
Education
- Foreign school
- Fransız Mektebi (7 years)French school
- Unpaid years (mülazemet)
- 1 year
- Preparation route (classification of the paper)
- Low
- Qualification (diploma, certificate, training or nişan)
- No
The years count all schooling up to that school, as the record gives them.
Languages
- French
- Kitabetwriting
- Italian
- Kitabetwriting
- Greek (Rum)
- Kitabetwriting. Rum is the word of the records for Greek as spoken by the Orthodox Christians of the empire. It is kept apart from the column Greek, which the records also have
The glosses are cautious historical readings of the recorded words, not modern levels of proficiency.
First work
- Year
- 1863/64 (AH 1280)
- Place
- Istanbul (Dersaadet)
- First salary field (kuruş a month)
- 576
Recorded with#
Officials who share a place, a job title, a school, a birthplace or the year of the first annual entry. Ranks compare the highest monthly salary of each official.
Same post (job title and place), same years
Of the 107 officials who held Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti in Beyoğlu in the same years, Tertine Efendi had the 38th highest salary.
- Melkon Berhadar Efendi20 shared years; highest salary 1,500 kuruş
- Acemyan Dikran Efendi20 shared years; highest salary 1,100 kuruş
- Jan Diraço Efendi20 shared years; highest salary 1,100 kuruş
- Andon Körkis Efendi20 shared years; highest salary 800 kuruş
- Setrak Sarrafyan Efendi20 shared years; highest salary 720 kuruş
Same place, same years
Of the 275 officials with entries in Beyoğlu in the same years, Tertine Efendi had the 112th highest salary.
- Mustafa Habip Efendi20 shared years; highest salary 15,000 kuruş
- Paskal Mıgırdıç Kazancıyan Efendi20 shared years; highest salary 2,905 kuruş
- Melkon Berhadar Efendi20 shared years; highest salary 1,500 kuruş
- Nikola Yunani Efendi20 shared years; highest salary 1,350 kuruş
- Taşçıyan Markar Efendi20 shared years; highest salary 1,300 kuruş
Same job title, same years
Of the 352 officials with the title Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti in the same years, Tertine Efendi had the 116th highest salary.
- Armas Efendi34 shared years; highest salary 1,000 kuruş
- Rodrigez Efendi34 shared years; highest salary 720 kuruş
- Yanko Filoklis Efendi33 shared years; highest salary 800 kuruş
- Unnamed official (0049_0040; 77)32 shared years; highest salary 1,350 kuruş
- Jan Diraço Efendi32 shared years; highest salary 1,100 kuruş
All 605 officials with the title Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti
Same school
Of the 63 officials with Fransız Mektebi among their schools, Tertine Efendi had the 21st highest salary.
- Emil Efendiborn 1836/37 (AH 1252); highest salary 9,000 kuruş
- Kostantin Mavromati Efendiborn 1833/34 (AH 1249); highest salary 720 kuruş
- Jory Raymon Efendiborn 1838/39 (AH 1254); highest salary 2,400 kuruş
- İlya Dakos Efendiborn 1841/42 (AH 1257); highest salary 800 kuruş
- Tursun Pol Efendiborn 1842/43 (AH 1258); highest salary 1,500 kuruş
Same birthplace
Of the 1,999 officials born in Istanbul, 1,997 have a recorded salary; Tertine Efendi had the 491st highest salary of them.
- Ahmet Sitki Efendiborn 1835/36 (AH 1251); highest salary 1,500 kuruş
- Ali Haydar Efendiborn 1835/36 (AH 1251); highest salary 1,680 kuruş
- Melkon İskender Efendiborn 1835/36 (AH 1251); highest salary 2,750 kuruş
- Ahmet Resmi Efendiborn 1834/35 (AH 1250); highest salary 400 kuruş
- El-Hac Ahmet Nafiz Efendiborn 1834/35 (AH 1250); highest salary 1,000 kuruş
First annual entry in the same year
Of the 40 officials whose first annual entry is for 1864/65 (AH 1281), Tertine Efendi had the 27th highest salary.
- Karabet Efendifirst entry in Beirut (Beyrut); highest salary 720 kuruş
- Mehmet Şükrü Efendifirst entry in Izmir (İzmir); highest salary 1,300 kuruş
- Hafiz Mehmet Sukru Efendifirst entry in Nazilli; highest salary 1,800 kuruş
- Hacı Mahmut Rifat Efendifirst annual entry 1864/65 (AH 1281); highest salary 3,000 kuruş
- Kadri Paşafirst entry in Istanbul; highest salary 5,000 kuruş
All 40 officials whose first annual entry is for 1864/65 (AH 1281)
Full record
Annual entries (34)
| Year | Title | Place | Kuruş a month | Institution | Source | Archive reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1864/65AH 1281 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Gaza (Gazze) | 576 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_146; 289 |
| 1865/66AH 1282 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Gaza (Gazze) | 576 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_146; 289 |
| 1866/67AH 1283 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Aleppo (Halep) | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_146; 289 |
| 1867/68AH 1284 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Aleppo (Halep) | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_146; 289 |
| 1868/69AH 1285 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Aleppo (Halep) | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_146; 289 |
| 1869/70AH 1286 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Aleppo (Halep) | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_146; 289 |
| 1870/71AH 1287 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Aleppo (Halep) | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_146; 289 |
| 1871/72AH 1288 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Adana | 800 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_146; 289 |
| 1872/73AH 1289 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Mersin | 760 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_146; 289 |
| 1873/74AH 1290 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Damascus (Şam) | 760 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_146; 289 |
| 1874/75AH 1291 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Shkodër (İşkodra) | 760 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_146; 289 |
| 1875/76AH 1292 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Shkodër (İşkodra) | 760 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_146; 289 |
| 1876/77AH 1293 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Beyoğlu | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_146; 289 |
| 1877/78AH 1294 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Beyoğlu | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_146; 289 |
| 1878AH 1295 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Beyoğlu | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_146; 289 |
| 1878/79AH 1296 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Büyükdere | 750 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_146; 289 |
| 1879/80AH 1297 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Büyükdere | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_146; 289 |
| 1880/81AH 1298 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Beyoğlu | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_146; 289 |
| 1881/82AH 1299 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Beyoğlu | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_146; 289 |
| 1882/83AH 1300 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Beyoğlu | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_146; 289 |
| 1883/84AH 1301 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Beyoğlu | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_146; 289 |
| 1884/85AH 1302 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Beyoğlu | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_146; 289 |
| 1885/86AH 1303 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Beyoğlu | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_146; 289 |
| 1886/87AH 1304 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Beyoğlu | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_146; 289 |
| 1887/88AH 1305 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Beyoğlu | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_146; 289 |
| 1888/89AH 1306 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Beyoğlu | 675 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_146; 289 |
| 1889/90AH 1307 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Beyoğlu | 675 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_146; 289 |
| 1890/91AH 1308 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Beyoğlu | 675 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_146; 289 |
| 1891/92AH 1309 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Beyoğlu | 675 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_146; 289 |
| 1892/93AH 1310 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Beyoğlu | 800 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_146; 289 |
| 1893/94AH 1311 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Beyoğlu | 800 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_146; 289 |
| 1894/95AH 1312 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Beyoğlu | 800 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_146; 289 |
| 1895/96AH 1313 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Beyoğlu | 850 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_146; 289 |
| 1896/97AH 1314 | Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti | Beyoğlu | 765 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 54_146; 289 |
What the sources named in this table are
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
Sources and original values (15)
| Field | Recorded value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Identity | ||
| Name | Tertine Efendi | Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Birth year (AH) | 1251 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Birthplace | dersaadet | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Province of birth | dersaadet | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Father's occupation | esnaf | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Religion | Hristiyan | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Nationality or community | italyan | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Schooling | ||
| School | Fransiz Mektebi | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Years of schooling | 7 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Years of apprenticeship (mülazemet) | 1 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First work | ||
| First work: year (AH) | 1280 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First work: Gregorian year as stored | 1863 | Recovered annual personnel extract |
| First work: place | istanbul | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First salary field (kuruş a month) | 576 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Status | ||
| Death recorded under the year (AH) | 1315 | Earlier annual personnel extract (original copy); Earlier annual personnel extract (parallel copy) |
What the sources named in this table are
- Earlier annual personnel extract (original copy)
- A copy of the earlier annual personnel file, read for the title wording of each year. A death taken from it is the status word Vefat in the title field of one annual list: the year is the year of that list, not a date of death.
- Earlier annual personnel extract (parallel copy)
- A second copy of the earlier annual personnel file, read in the same way. A death taken from it is the status word Vefat in the title field of one annual list: the year is the year of that list, not a date of death. Two copies that agree are one piece of evidence, not two.
- Earlier annual personnel extract
- The detailed annual personnel file of October 2024. An official found only in this file keeps the years, titles and salaries it gives.
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
- Personnel attributes extract
- The detailed personnel file of September 2025, read for personal details such as birth, schooling and first work.
- Origin of the record: Post and Telegraph personnel records.
- 28 annual entries of 34 belong to the saved estimation sample of the paper.
How to read this record: calendar years, years without an annual entry, salaries and sources.
Subjects
- Tertine Efendi
- Post of official for foreign communications (Muhaberat-ı Ecnebiye Memuriyeti)
- Beyoğlu
- Istanbul (Dersaadet)
- French school (Fransız Mektebi)
- Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)
- Christian (Hristiyan)
- Biography of an Ottoman official (Osmanlı memurunun biyografisi)
- Career and pay (memuriyet ve maaş)
- Ottoman history (Osmanlı tarihi)
- Ottoman bureaucracy (Osmanlı bürokrasisi)
- Ottoman officials (Osmanlı'da memurlar)
- Ottoman personnel registers (Sicill-i Ahvâl defterleri)
- Ottoman registers (Osmanlı defterleri)