Official
Mehmet Emin Efendi
Muslim (Müslüman). Born in Istanbul (Dersaadet) in 1832/33 (AH 1248). On record 1850 to 1891, 42 annual entries. Death recorded 1891/92.
Archive reference 4_242; 478
Life#
Born in Istanbul in 1832/33 (AH 1248), Mehmet Emin Efendi came from the Muslim (Müslüman) community; the father was a tax farmer (mültezim). At about 15, in 1846/47, Mehmet Emin began work in the Nufus Kalemi in Istanbul, with three unpaid years as a mülazım (apprentice) before a first salary of 100 kuruş. The annual lists begin in 1850/51, with Mehmet Emin as a communications official (Muhabere Memuru) in Istanbul, the birthplace, where the entries run to 1856/57. Mehmet Emin then moved to Izmir (İzmir) from 1857 to 1865, with a rise to director of the first grade (1. Müdür). From 1865 to 1891 every annual entry places Mehmet Emin again in Istanbul, first as Muallim, from 1872/73 as Kontrol Kalemi Basmemuru, from 1873/74 as a director (Müdür) and from 1879/80 as 1. Müdür. Entries spanning 42 years are rare, reached by fewer than 3 per cent of the 5,211 officials.
Pay rose from 100 kuruş a month in 1850/51 to a peak of 1,875 in 1874/75, as Müdür in Istanbul, when 92 per cent of paid officials earned less. In all, 42 years of salary come to 638,880 kuruş, 2.5 times the median official's, a level reached by fewer than 7 per cent of the 3,805 officials paid for five years or more. The last annual entry is for 1890/91; the list of 1891/92 (AH 1309) gives the status word Vefat (death).
Places in order of time#
Each number is a stop: the birthplace, the place of first work, then every place of the annual entries in turn. The year beside an arrow is the first entry at the new place.
Born 1832/33 (AH 1248); First work 1846/47 (AH 1263); 1850 to 1857 (AH 1267 to 1273)
First work as Nufus Kalemi
100 to 265 kuruş a month; entries in 7 years
1865 to 1891 (AH 1282 to 1308)
Muallim 1865 to 1872 (AH 1282 to 1288); Kontrol Kalemi Basmemuru 1872/73 (AH 1289); Müdür 1873 to 1879 (AH 1290 to 1296); 1. Müdür 1879 to 1891 (AH 1297 to 1308)
1,200 to 1,875 kuruş a month; entries in 27 years
Death recorded in the annual list of 1891/92 (AH 1309): the word Vefat, not a date of death.
Career and salary#
Log scale: equal steps are equal ratios. The median of the same title is drawn for the years in which at least 5 officials with that title had a salary.
The numbers of the chart
| Year | Salary | Median, all officials | Median, same title | Paid less |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1850/51 | 100 | 175 | 23% | |
| 1851/52 | 265 | 282.5 | 46% | |
| 1852/53 | 265 | 350 | 33% | |
| 1853/54 | 265 | 400 | 37% | |
| 1854/55 | 265 | 400 | 40% | |
| 1855/56 | 265 | 432.5 | 34% | |
| 1856/57 | 265 | 375 | 400 | 41% |
| 1857/58 | 1,500 | 475 | 1,500 | 80% |
| 1858/59 | 1,500 | 500 | 1,500 | 81% |
| 1859/60 | 1,500 | 500 | 86% | |
| 1860/61 | 1,500 | 500 | 1,500 | 82% |
| 1861/62 | 1,500 | 600 | 1,500 | 80% |
| 1862/63 | 1,500 | 500 | 1,500 | 79% |
| 1863/64 | 1,600 | 500 | 1,925 | 85% |
| 1864/65 | 1,440 | 625 | 1,440 | 76% |
| 1865/66 | 1,200 | 650 | 71% | |
| 1866/67 | 1,200 | 600 | 74% | |
| 1867/68 | 1,440 | 600 | 84% | |
| 1868/69 | 1,680 | 600 | 88% | |
| 1869/70 | 1,680 | 600 | 89% | |
| 1870/71 | 1,680 | 600 | 89% | |
| 1871/72 | 1,580 | 550 | 90% | |
| 1872/73 | 1,500 | 550 | 89% | |
| 1873/74 | 1,600 | 500 | 1,845 | 91% |
| 1874/75 | 1,875 | 535 | 92% | |
| 1875/76 | 1,875 | 530 | 1,875 | 93% |
| 1876/77 | 1,875 | 582.5 | 2,500 | 92% |
| 1877/78 | 1,875 | 560 | 2,000 | 92% |
| 1878 | 1,875 | 600 | 2,250 | 91% |
| 1878/79 | 1,875 | 600 | 2,000 | 91% |
| 1879/80 | 1,200 | 500 | 1,200 | 87% |
| 1880/81 | 1,200 | 500 | 1,200 | 87% |
| 1881/82 | 1,200 | 500 | 1,200 | 86% |
| 1882/83 | 1,200 | 500 | 1,200 | 86% |
| 1883/84 | 1,200 | 500 | 1,200 | 86% |
| 1884/85 | 1,200 | 500 | 1,200 | 86% |
| 1885/86 | 1,200 | 500 | 1,200 | 87% |
| 1886/87 | 1,200 | 500 | 1,200 | 87% |
| 1887/88 | 1,200 | 500 | 1,200 | 87% |
| 1888/89 | 1,300 | 500 | 1,200 | 91% |
| 1889/90 | 1,300 | 500 | 1,200 | 91% |
| 1890/91 | 1,300 | 500 | 1,200 | 92% |
Paid less: the share of the other officials with a salary that year who earned less.
Point at a year for its salary, title, place and the median of all officials paid that year. Choose a row of the table to mark its years in the charts and its stop on the map.
| Years | Title | Place | Salary (kuruş a month) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1846/47AH 1263 | Nufus Kalemifirst work | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 100first-salary field |
| 1850 to 1857AH 1267 to 1273 | Muhabere Memuru | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 100 to 265 |
| 1857 to 1863AH 1274 to 1279 | 1. Müdür | Izmir (İzmir) | 1,500 |
| 1863/64AH 1280 | Müdür | Izmir (İzmir) | 1,600 |
| 1864/65AH 1281 | 1. Müdür | Izmir (İzmir) | 1,440 |
| 1865 to 1872AH 1282 to 1288 | Muallim | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,200 to 1,580 |
| 1872/73AH 1289 | Kontrol Kalemi Basmemuru | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,500 |
| 1873 to 1879AH 1290 to 1296 | Müdür | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,600 to 1,875 |
| 1879 to 1891AH 1297 to 1308 | 1. Müdür | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,200 to 1,300 |
| 1891/92AH 1309 | Death recorded | ||
Record#
Personal
- Born
- 1832/33 (AH 1248)
- Birthplace
- Istanbul (Dersaadet)
- Community
- Muslim (Müslüman)
- Nationality as recorded
- Turkish
- Father's occupation
- Multezim
- Death recorded
- 1891/92 (AH 1309)the year of the annual list with the word Vefat, not a date of death
Education
- Primary
- Sıbyan Mektebi (4 years)school for young children (primary school)
- Higher or professional
- Telgraf Mektebitelegraph school; recorded as a code
- Unpaid years (mülazemet)
- 3 years
- Preparation route (classification of the paper)
- Low
- Qualification (diploma, certificate, training or nişan)
- NoShown as in the flag of the paper. The qualification column of the recovered extract gives yes.
The years count all schooling up to that school, as the record gives them.
Languages
- Arabic
- asinafamiliarity
- Turkish
- Kitabetwriting
The glosses are cautious historical readings of the recorded words, not modern levels of proficiency.
First work
- Year
- 1846/47 (AH 1263)
- Place
- Istanbul (Dersaadet)
- First job as worded
- Nufus Kalemi
- Age at first work (workbook field)
- 15
- First salary field (kuruş a month)
- 100
- First-job salary of the original workbook (kuruş a month)
- 100
Recorded with#
Officials who share a place, a job title, a school, a birthplace or the year of the first annual entry. Ranks compare the highest monthly salary of each official.
Same place, same years
Of the 832 officials with entries in Istanbul in the same years, Mehmet Emin Efendi had the 194th highest salary.
- Mehmet Akif Efendi30 shared years; highest salary 1,500 kuruş
- Unnamed official (5_316; 629)30 shared years; highest salary 1,100 kuruş
- Ali Avnullah Efendi29 shared years; highest salary 1,500 kuruş
- Emil Efendi27 shared years; highest salary 9,000 kuruş
- Mehmet Hayri Bey27 shared years; highest salary 5,500 kuruş
Same job title, same years
Of the 72 officials with the title 1. Müdür in the same years, Mehmet Emin Efendi had the 38th highest salary.
- Unnamed official (0049_0034; 65)11 shared years; highest salary 3,000 kuruş
- Mehmet Haşim Efendi11 shared years; highest salary 1,500 kuruş
- Naum Salaho Efendi10 shared years; highest salary 1,300 kuruş
- Ömer Tahir Efendi9 shared years; highest salary 2,000 kuruş
- Mehmet Ruhi Bey9 shared years; highest salary 1,600 kuruş
Same school
Of the 746 officials with Sıbyan Mektebi among their schools, 745 have a recorded salary; Mehmet Emin Efendi had the 92nd highest salary of them.
- Ahmet Tevfik Beyborn 1832/33 (AH 1248); highest salary 3,000 kuruş
- Es-Seyyid Ali Riza Efendiborn 1832/33 (AH 1248); highest salary 800 kuruş
- Hacı Mahmut Rifat Efendiborn 1832/33 (AH 1248); highest salary 3,000 kuruş
- İbrahim Kâmil Efendiborn 1832/33 (AH 1248); highest salary 4,500 kuruş
- Mehmet Nuri Efendiborn 1832/33 (AH 1248); highest salary 650 kuruş
Same birthplace
Of the 1,999 officials born in Istanbul, 1,997 have a recorded salary; Mehmet Emin Efendi had the 171st highest salary of them.
- Ahmet Tevfik Beyborn 1832/33 (AH 1248); highest salary 3,000 kuruş
- Ayvazoğlu Dimitraki Efendiborn 1832/33 (AH 1248); highest salary 4,500 kuruş
- Bahattin Beyborn 1832/33 (AH 1248); highest salary 4,000 kuruş
- Es-Seyyid Ali Riza Efendiborn 1832/33 (AH 1248); highest salary 800 kuruş
- Hüseyin Lebib Efendiborn 1832/33 (AH 1248); highest salary 4,000 kuruş
First annual entry in the same year
Of the 5 officials whose first annual entry is for 1850/51 (AH 1267), Mehmet Emin Efendi had the 4th highest salary.
- Halil Fahri Beyfirst entry in Istanbul; highest salary 4,000 kuruş
- Mustafa Efendifirst entry in Istanbul; highest salary 1,500 kuruş
- Haci Mehmet Sezayi Beyfirst entry in Istanbul; highest salary 2,000 kuruş
- Omer Rahmi Efendifirst entry in Yozgat; highest salary 5,940 kuruş
Full record
Annual entries (42)
| Year | Title | Place | Kuruş a month | Institution | Source | Archive reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1850/51AH 1267 | Muhabere Memuru | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 100 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_242; 478 |
| 1851/52AH 1268 | Muhabere Memuru | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 265 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_242; 478 |
| 1852/53AH 1269 | Muhabere Memuru | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 265 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_242; 478 |
| 1853/54AH 1270 | Muhabere Memuru | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 265 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_242; 478 |
| 1854/55AH 1271 | Muhabere Memuru | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 265 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_242; 478 |
| 1855/56AH 1272 | Muhabere Memuru | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 265 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_242; 478 |
| 1856/57AH 1273 | Muhabere Memuru | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 265 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_242; 478 |
| 1857/58AH 1274 | 1. Müdür | Izmir (İzmir) | 1,500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_242; 478 |
| 1858/59AH 1275 | 1. Müdür | Izmir (İzmir) | 1,500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_242; 478 |
| 1859/60AH 1276 | 1. Müdür | Izmir (İzmir) | 1,500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_242; 478 |
| 1860/61AH 1277 | 1. Müdür | Izmir (İzmir) | 1,500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_242; 478 |
| 1861/62AH 1278 | 1. Müdür | Izmir (İzmir) | 1,500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_242; 478 |
| 1862/63AH 1279 | 1. Müdür | Izmir (İzmir) | 1,500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_242; 478 |
| 1863/64AH 1280 | Müdür | Izmir (İzmir) | 1,600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_242; 478 |
| 1864/65AH 1281 | 1. Müdür | Izmir (İzmir) | 1,440 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_242; 478 |
| 1865/66AH 1282 | Muallim | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,200 | Other | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 4_242; 478 |
| 1866/67AH 1283 | Muallim | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,200 | Other | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 4_242; 478 |
| 1867/68AH 1284 | Muallim | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,440 | Other | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 4_242; 478 |
| 1868/69AH 1285 | Muallim | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,680 | Other | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 4_242; 478 |
| 1869/70AH 1286 | Muallim | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,680 | Other | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 4_242; 478 |
| 1870/71AH 1287 | Muallim | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,680 | Other | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 4_242; 478 |
| 1871/72AH 1288 | Muallim | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,580 | Other | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 4_242; 478 |
| 1872/73AH 1289 | Kontrol Kalemi Basmemuru | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_242; 478 |
| 1873/74AH 1290 | Müdür | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_242; 478 |
| 1874/75AH 1291 | Müdür | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,875 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_242; 478 |
| 1875/76AH 1292 | Müdür | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,875 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_242; 478 |
| 1876/77AH 1293 | Müdür | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,875 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_242; 478 |
| 1877/78AH 1294 | Müdür | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,875 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_242; 478 |
| 1878AH 1295 | Müdür | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,875 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_242; 478 |
| 1878/79AH 1296 | Müdür | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,875 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_242; 478 |
| 1879/80AH 1297 | 1. Müdür | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,200 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_242; 478 |
| 1880/81AH 1298 | 1. Müdür | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,200 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_242; 478 |
| 1881/82AH 1299 | 1. Müdür | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,200 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_242; 478 |
| 1882/83AH 1300 | 1. Müdür | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,200 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_242; 478 |
| 1883/84AH 1301 | 1. Müdür | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,200 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_242; 478 |
| 1884/85AH 1302 | 1. Müdür | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,200 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_242; 478 |
| 1885/86AH 1303 | 1. Müdür | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,200 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_242; 478 |
| 1886/87AH 1304 | 1. Müdür | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,200 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_242; 478 |
| 1887/88AH 1305 | 1. Müdür | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,200 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_242; 478 |
| 1888/89AH 1306 | 1. Müdür | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,300 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_242; 478 |
| 1889/90AH 1307 | 1. Müdür | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,300 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_242; 478 |
| 1890/91AH 1308 | 1. Müdür | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 1,300 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 4_242; 478 |
What the sources named in this table are
- Cross-ministry personnel workbook
- A personnel workbook with the annual entries in institutions other than the Post and Telegraph (justice, land registry, customs, police and others), with the same annual fields as the personnel workbook.
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
Sources and original values (26)
| Field | Recorded value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Identity | ||
| Name | Mehmet Emin Efendi | Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Linked personnel workbook |
| Birth year (AH) | 1248 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Birthplace | dersaadet used on this page | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Birthplace | istanbul other value | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Birthplace: district (kaza) | istanbul | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Birthplace: sancak | istanbul | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Birthplace: province (vilayet) | istanbul | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Province of birth | dersaadet | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Father's occupation | Multezim | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Religion | musluman | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Nationality or community | Turkish | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Schooling | ||
| School | sibyan mektebi | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Years of schooling | 4 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Telegraph school (recorded code) | 1 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Years of apprenticeship (mülazemet) | 3 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| First work | ||
| First work: year (AH) | 1263 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Linked personnel workbook |
| First work: Gregorian year as stored | 1847 | Recovered annual personnel extract |
| First work: place | istanbul | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| First work: district (kaza) | istanbul | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| First work: sancak | istanbul | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| First work: province (vilayet) | istanbul | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| First job as worded | Nufus Kalemi | Linked personnel workbook; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Age at first work (workbook field) | 15 | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| First salary field (kuruş a month) | 100 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First-job salary of the original workbook (kuruş a month) | 100 | Linked personnel workbook; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Status | ||
| Death recorded under the year (AH) | 1309 | Earlier annual personnel extract (original copy); Earlier annual personnel extract (parallel copy) |
What the sources named in this table are
- Earlier annual personnel extract (original copy)
- A copy of the earlier annual personnel file, read for the title wording of each year. A death taken from it is the status word Vefat in the title field of one annual list: the year is the year of that list, not a date of death.
- Earlier annual personnel extract (parallel copy)
- A second copy of the earlier annual personnel file, read in the same way. A death taken from it is the status word Vefat in the title field of one annual list: the year is the year of that list, not a date of death. Two copies that agree are one piece of evidence, not two.
- Cross-ministry personnel workbook
- A personnel workbook with the annual entries in institutions other than the Post and Telegraph (justice, land registry, customs, police and others), with the same annual fields as the personnel workbook.
- Earlier annual personnel extract
- The detailed annual personnel file of October 2024. An official found only in this file keeps the years, titles and salaries it gives.
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
- Personnel attributes extract
- The detailed personnel file of September 2025, read for personal details such as birth, schooling and first work.
- Linked personnel workbook
- The original personnel workbook, from which selected fields on background and first work are taken.
- The sources give more than one value for a marked field. Every value is listed.
- Origin of the record: Post and Telegraph personnel records.
- 20 annual entries of 42 belong to the saved estimation sample of the paper.
How to read this record: calendar years, years without an annual entry, salaries and sources.
Subjects
- Mehmet Emin Efendi
- Director of the first grade (1. Müdür)
- Istanbul (Dersaadet)
- School for young children (Sıbyan Mektebi)
- Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)
- Muslim (Müslüman)
- Director (Müdür)
- Biography of an Ottoman official (Osmanlı memurunun biyografisi)
- Career and pay (memuriyet ve maaş)
- Ottoman history (Osmanlı tarihi)
- Ottoman bureaucracy (Osmanlı bürokrasisi)
- Ottoman officials (Osmanlı'da memurlar)
- Ottoman personnel registers (Sicill-i Ahvâl defterleri)
- Ottoman registers (Osmanlı defterleri)