Official
Cebrail Cemal Efendi
Armenian Christian (Ermeni). Born in Diyarbakır in 1842/43 (AH 1258). On record 1868 to 1898, 29 annual entries.
Archive reference 109_35; 67
Life#
Born in Diyarbakır in 1842/43 (AH 1258), Cebrail Cemal Efendi came from the Armenian Christian (Ermeni) community; the father was a merchant (tüccar). Schooling took four years, at a school for young children (Sıbyan Mektebi); Cebrail Cemal also knew four languages, Arabic and Turkish in writing and Armenian and Kurdish in speech. Kurdish was rare in the service, known to 12 of the 5,211 officials.
At about 24, in 1866/67, Cebrail Cemal began work in the telegraph service (Telgraf) in Diyarbakır, with two unpaid years as a mülazım (apprentice) before a first salary of 400 kuruş. The first annual entry, for 1868/69, places Cebrail Cemal in Siirt as a communications official (Muhabere Memuru). The annual lists then follow Cebrail Cemal to Diyarbakır and Sivas from 1869 to 1874, then back to Diyarbakır from 1874 to 1879. Next came a return to Siirt from 1879 to 1884, with a rise to customs official (Rüsumat Memuru), then Elazığ in 1884/85, as Duyunu Umumiye Memuru. From 1885 to 1898 every annual entry places Cebrail Cemal again in Siirt.
The salary went from 400 kuruş a month in 1868/69 to 700 in 1884/85, the peak, as Duyunu Umumiye Memuru in Elazığ, when 70 per cent of paid officials earned less. That salary was paid for a single year, and the next list gives 550 kuruş. The last annual entry is for 1897/98.
Places in order of time#
Each number is a stop: the birthplace, the place of first work, then every place of the annual entries in turn. The year beside an arrow is the first entry at the new place.
1873/74 (AH 1290)
No annual entry for 1872/73 (AH 1289) before it.
450 kuruş a month; entries in 1 year
1874 to 1879 (AH 1291 to 1296)
Muhabere Memuru 1874 to 1877 (AH 1291 to 1293); Mahkeme Kalemi 1878 to 1879 (AH 1295 to 1296)
300 to 400 kuruş a month; entries in 5 years
No annual entry for 1877/78 (AH 1294).
1885 to 1898 (AH 1303 to 1315)
550 to 600 kuruş a month; entries in 13 years
Career and salary#
Log scale: equal steps are equal ratios. The median of the same title is drawn for the years in which at least 5 officials with that title had a salary.
The numbers of the chart
| Year | Salary | Median, all officials | Median, same title | Paid less |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1868/69 | 400 | 600 | 480 | 17% |
| 1869/70 | 400 | 600 | 400 | 18% |
| 1870/71 | 400 | 600 | 400 | 20% |
| 1871/72 | 400 | 550 | 400 | 31% |
| 1873/74 | 450 | 500 | 400 | 35% |
| 1874/75 | 400 | 535 | 450 | 23% |
| 1875/76 | 400 | 530 | 400 | 23% |
| 1876/77 | 400 | 582.5 | 410 | 17% |
| 1878 | 300 | 600 | 8% | |
| 1878/79 | 300 | 600 | 9% | |
| 1879/80 | 550 | 500 | 400 | 58% |
| 1880/81 | 550 | 500 | 320 | 58% |
| 1881/82 | 550 | 500 | 300 | 58% |
| 1882/83 | 550 | 500 | 400 | 57% |
| 1883/84 | 550 | 500 | 400 | 57% |
| 1884/85 | 700 | 500 | 70% | |
| 1885/86 | 550 | 500 | 56% | |
| 1886/87 | 550 | 500 | 57% | |
| 1887/88 | 550 | 500 | 56% | |
| 1888/89 | 550 | 500 | 55% | |
| 1889/90 | 550 | 500 | 55% | |
| 1890/91 | 550 | 500 | 300 | 56% |
| 1891/92 | 600 | 500 | 59% | |
| 1892/93 | 600 | 500 | 59% | |
| 1893/94 | 600 | 500 | 60% | |
| 1894/95 | 600 | 500 | 60% | |
| 1895/96 | 600 | 500 | 59% | |
| 1896/97 | 600 | 500 | 73% | |
| 1897/98 | 600 | 500 | 73% |
Paid less: the share of the other officials with a salary that year who earned less.
Point at a year for its salary, title, place and the median of all officials paid that year. Choose a row of the table to mark its years in the charts and its stop on the map.
| Years | Title | Place | Salary (kuruş a month) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1866/67AH 1283 | Telgraffirst work | Diyarbakır | 400first-salary field |
| 1868/69AH 1285 | Muhabere Memuru | Siirt | 400 |
| 1869 to 1872AH 1286 to 1288 | Muhabere Memuru | Diyarbakır | 400 |
| No annual entry: 1872/73 (AH 1289) | |||
| 1873/74AH 1290 | Muhabere Memuru | Sivas | 450 |
| 1874 to 1877AH 1291 to 1293 | Muhabere Memuru | Diyarbakır | 400 |
| No annual entry: 1877/78 (AH 1294) | |||
| 1878 to 1879AH 1295 to 1296 | Mahkeme Kalemi | Diyarbakır | 300 |
| 1879 to 1884AH 1297 to 1301 | Rüsumat Memuru | Siirt | 550 |
| 1884/85AH 1302 | Duyunu Umumiye Memuru | Elazığ | 700 |
| 1885 to 1898AH 1303 to 1315 | Duyunu Umumiye Memuru | Siirt | 550 to 600 |
Record#
Personal
- Born
- 1842/43 (AH 1258)
- Birthplace
- Diyarbakır
- Community
- Armenian Christian (Ermeni)
- Nationality as recorded
- Ermeni
- Father's occupation
- Tuccar
Education
- Primary
- Sıbyan Mektebi (4 years)school for young children (primary school)
- Unpaid years (mülazemet)
- 2 years
- Preparation route (classification of the paper)
- Low
- Qualification (diploma, certificate, training or nişan)
- NoShown as in the flag of the paper. The qualification column of the recovered extract gives yes.
The years count all schooling up to that school, as the record gives them.
Languages
- Arabic
- Kitabetwriting
- Armenian
- Tekellumspeaking
- Kurdish
- Tekellumspeaking
- Turkish
- Kitabetwriting
The glosses are cautious historical readings of the recorded words, not modern levels of proficiency.
First work
- Year
- 1866/67 (AH 1283)
- Place
- Diyarbakır
- First job as worded
- Telgraf
- Age at first work (workbook field)
- 25
- First salary field (kuruş a month)
- 400
- First-job salary of the original workbook (kuruş a month)
- 400
Legal records
- Legal record note as worded
- Görev ihmali / resmi telgrafnamenin tehirinden dolayı ihraç; Görev İhmali
Recorded with#
Officials who share a place, a job title, a school, a birthplace or the year of the first annual entry. Ranks compare the highest monthly salary of each official.
Same place, same years
Of the 14 officials with entries in Siirt in the same years, Cebrail Cemal Efendi had the 9th highest salary.
- İbrahim Ethem Efendi10 shared years; highest salary 1,200 kuruş
- Ahmet Hilmi Efendi6 shared years; highest salary 400 kuruş
- Mehmet Fazıl Efendi5 shared years; highest salary 720 kuruş
- Mehmet Tevfik Efendi3 shared years; highest salary 1,200 kuruş
- Yusuf Cemil Efendi2 shared years; highest salary 540 kuruş
Same job title, same years
Of the 10 officials with the title Duyunu Umumiye Memuru in the same years, Cebrail Cemal Efendi had the 5th highest salary.
- Muhittin Rumi Efendi9 shared years; highest salary 650 kuruş
- Mehmet Said Efendi5 shared years; highest salary 800 kuruş
- AHMET ELMAS EFENDi2 shared years; highest salary 500 kuruş
- Mehmet Ziya Efendi2 shared years; highest salary 150 kuruş
- Ömer Lütfi Efendi1 shared year; highest salary 3,000 kuruş
Same school
Of the 746 officials with Sıbyan Mektebi among their schools, 745 have a recorded salary; Cebrail Cemal Efendi had the 356th highest salary of them.
- Abdüllatif Efendiborn 1842/43 (AH 1258); highest salary 1,200 kuruş
- Abdurrahman Zekai Beyborn 1842/43 (AH 1258); highest salary 3,600 kuruş
- Ahmet Kemalettin Efendiborn 1842/43 (AH 1258); highest salary 800 kuruş
- Ahmet Rıfat Efendiborn 1842/43 (AH 1258); highest salary 800 kuruş
- Ahmet Şakir Efendiborn 1842/43 (AH 1258); highest salary 2,000 kuruş
Same birthplace
Of the 72 officials born in Diyarbakır, Cebrail Cemal Efendi had the 21st highest salary.
- David Efendiborn 1843/44 (AH 1259); highest salary 600 kuruş
- Mehmet Mehdi Efendiborn 1840/41 (AH 1256); highest salary 1,000 kuruş
- Abdullah Şükrü Efendiborn 1839/40 (AH 1255); highest salary 720 kuruş
- Hasan Zuhdu Beyborn 1845/46 (AH 1262); highest salary 2,100 kuruş
- Mahmut Nüzhet Efendiborn 1845/46 (AH 1262); highest salary 800 kuruş
First annual entry in the same year
Of the 89 officials whose first annual entry is for 1868/69 (AH 1285), Cebrail Cemal Efendi had the 66th highest salary.
- Mahmut Celalettin Efendifirst entry in Istanbul; highest salary 700 kuruş
- Yorkiyadi Yorkiyadi Efendifirst entry in Crete (Girit); highest salary 6,000 kuruş
- Mehmet Tayyip Beyfirst entry in Istanbul; highest salary 5,000 kuruş
- Mehmet Mehdi Efendifirst entry in Harput; highest salary 1,000 kuruş
- Edvar Konunyan Efendifirst entry in Beyoğlu; highest salary 975 kuruş
Full record
Annual entries (29)
| Year | Title | Place | Kuruş a month | Institution | Source | Archive reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1868/69AH 1285 | Muhabere Memuru | Siirt | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 109_35; 67 |
| 1869/70AH 1286 | Muhabere Memuru | Diyarbakır | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 109_35; 67 |
| 1870/71AH 1287 | Muhabere Memuru | Diyarbakır | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 109_35; 67 |
| 1871/72AH 1288 | Muhabere Memuru | Diyarbakır | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 109_35; 67 |
| 1873/74AH 1290 | Muhabere Memuru | Sivas | 450 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 109_35; 67 |
| 1874/75AH 1291 | Muhabere Memuru | Diyarbakır | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 109_35; 67 |
| 1875/76AH 1292 | Muhabere Memuru | Diyarbakır | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 109_35; 67 |
| 1876/77AH 1293 | Muhabere Memuru | Diyarbakır | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 109_35; 67 |
| 1878AH 1295 | Mahkeme Kalemi | Diyarbakır | 300 | Justice (Adliye) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 109_35; 67 |
| 1878/79AH 1296 | Mahkeme Kalemi | Diyarbakır | 300 | Justice (Adliye) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 109_35; 67 |
| 1879/80AH 1297 | Rüsumat Memuru | Siirt | 550 | Customs (Gümrük) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 109_35; 67 |
| 1880/81AH 1298 | Rüsumat Memuru | Siirt | 550 | Customs (Gümrük) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 109_35; 67 |
| 1881/82AH 1299 | Rüsumat Memuru | Siirt | 550 | Customs (Gümrük) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 109_35; 67 |
| 1882/83AH 1300 | Rüsumat Memuru | Siirt | 550 | Customs (Gümrük) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 109_35; 67 |
| 1883/84AH 1301 | Rüsumat Memuru | Siirt | 550 | Customs (Gümrük) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 109_35; 67 |
| 1884/85AH 1302 | Duyunu Umumiye Memuru | Elazığ | 700 | Public Debt Administration (Düyun-ı Umumiye) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 109_35; 67 |
| 1885/86AH 1303 | Duyunu Umumiye Memuru | Siirt | 550 | Public Debt Administration (Düyun-ı Umumiye) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 109_35; 67 |
| 1886/87AH 1304 | Duyunu Umumiye Memuru | Siirt | 550 | Public Debt Administration (Düyun-ı Umumiye) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 109_35; 67 |
| 1887/88AH 1305 | Duyunu Umumiye Memuru | Siirt | 550 | Public Debt Administration (Düyun-ı Umumiye) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 109_35; 67 |
| 1888/89AH 1306 | Duyunu Umumiye Memuru | Siirt | 550 | Public Debt Administration (Düyun-ı Umumiye) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 109_35; 67 |
| 1889/90AH 1307 | Duyunu Umumiye Memuru | Siirt | 550 | Public Debt Administration (Düyun-ı Umumiye) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 109_35; 67 |
| 1890/91AH 1308 | Duyunu Umumiye Memuru | Siirt | 550 | Public Debt Administration (Düyun-ı Umumiye) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 109_35; 67 |
| 1891/92AH 1309 | Duyunu Umumiye Memuru | Siirt | 600 | Public Debt Administration (Düyun-ı Umumiye) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 109_35; 67 |
| 1892/93AH 1310 | Duyunu Umumiye Memuru | Siirt | 600 | Public Debt Administration (Düyun-ı Umumiye) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 109_35; 67 |
| 1893/94AH 1311 | Duyunu Umumiye Memuru | Siirt | 600 | Public Debt Administration (Düyun-ı Umumiye) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 109_35; 67 |
| 1894/95AH 1312 | Duyunu Umumiye Memuru | Siirt | 600 | Public Debt Administration (Düyun-ı Umumiye) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 109_35; 67 |
| 1895/96AH 1313 | Duyunu Umumiye Memuru | Siirt | 600 | Public Debt Administration (Düyun-ı Umumiye) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 109_35; 67 |
| 1896/97AH 1314 | Duyunu Umumiye Memuru | Siirt | 600 | Public Debt Administration (Düyun-ı Umumiye) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 109_35; 67 |
| 1897/98AH 1315 | Duyunu Umumiye Memuru | Siirt | 600 | Public Debt Administration (Düyun-ı Umumiye) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 109_35; 67 |
What the sources named in this table are
- Cross-ministry personnel workbook
- A personnel workbook with the annual entries in institutions other than the Post and Telegraph (justice, land registry, customs, police and others), with the same annual fields as the personnel workbook.
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
Sources and original values (25)
| Field | Recorded value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Identity | ||
| Name | Cebrail Cemal Efendi | Linked personnel workbook |
| Birth year (AH) | 1258 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Birthplace | diyarbakir | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Birthplace: district (kaza) | Diyarbakir | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Birthplace: sancak | Diyarbakir | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Birthplace: province (vilayet) | Diyarbakir | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Province of birth | diyarbakir | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Father's occupation | Tuccar | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Religion | Hristiyan | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Nationality or community | Ermeni | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Schooling | ||
| School | Sibyan Mektebi | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Years of schooling | 4 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Years of apprenticeship (mülazemet) | 2 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| First work | ||
| First work: year (AH) | 1283 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Linked personnel workbook |
| First work: Gregorian year as stored | 1866 | Recovered annual personnel extract |
| First work: place | Diyarbakir | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| First work: district (kaza) | Diyarbakir | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| First work: sancak | Diyarbakir | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| First work: province (vilayet) | Diyarbakir | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| First job as worded | Telgraf | Linked personnel workbook; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Age at first work (workbook field) | 25 | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| First salary field (kuruş a month) | 400 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First-job salary of the original workbook (kuruş a month) | 400 | Linked personnel workbook; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Legal records | ||
| Legal record note as worded | Görev ihmali / resmi telgrafnamenin tehirinden dolayı ihraç used on this page | Legal notes (earlier workbook copy); Legal notes (later workbook copy) |
| Legal record note as worded | Görev İhmali other value | Legal notes (earlier workbook copy); Legal notes (later workbook copy) |
What the sources named in this table are
- Legal notes (earlier workbook copy)
- A workbook of notes on legal records. The wording is kept as written. It may hold an accusation or an acquittal, it is not the finding of a court, and its year is the year of the record, not the date of an event.
- Legal notes (later workbook copy)
- A later copy of the workbook of notes on legal records. The same wording in both copies is one note, not two.
- Cross-ministry personnel workbook
- A personnel workbook with the annual entries in institutions other than the Post and Telegraph (justice, land registry, customs, police and others), with the same annual fields as the personnel workbook.
- Earlier annual personnel extract
- The detailed annual personnel file of October 2024. An official found only in this file keeps the years, titles and salaries it gives.
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
- Personnel attributes extract
- The detailed personnel file of September 2025, read for personal details such as birth, schooling and first work.
- Linked personnel workbook
- The original personnel workbook, from which selected fields on background and first work are taken.
- The sources give more than one value for a marked field. Every value is listed.
- Origin of the record: Post and Telegraph personnel records.
- 6 annual entries of 29 belong to the saved estimation sample of the paper.
How to read this record: calendar years, years without an annual entry, salaries and sources.
Subjects
- Cebrail Cemal Efendi
- Duyunu Umumiye Memuru
- Siirt
- Diyarbakır
- School for young children (Sıbyan Mektebi)
- Public Debt Administration (Düyun-ı Umumiye)
- Armenian Christian (Ermeni)
- Biography of an Ottoman official (Osmanlı memurunun biyografisi)
- Career and pay (memuriyet ve maaş)
- Ottoman history (Osmanlı tarihi)
- Ottoman bureaucracy (Osmanlı bürokrasisi)
- Ottoman officials (Osmanlı'da memurlar)
- Ottoman personnel registers (Sicill-i Ahvâl defterleri)
- Ottoman registers (Osmanlı defterleri)