Official
Yakup Efendi
Greek Orthodox Christian (Rum). Born in Kayseri in 1840/41 (AH 1256). On record 1865 to 1894, 28 annual entries.
Archive reference 58_0216;429
Life#
Yakup Efendi was born in Kayseri in 1840/41 (AH 1256) into the Greek Orthodox Christian (Rum) community. At about 22, in 1862/63, Yakup began work in the telegraph service (Telgraf) in Istanbul, with three unpaid years as a mülazım (apprentice) before a first salary of 480 kuruş. The first annual entry, for 1865/66, places Yakup in İskenderun as a communications official (Muhabere Memuru). The annual lists then follow Yakup to four places in six years, then Mersin from 1873 to 1884. Next came Tarsus from 1884 to 1887, then a return to Mersin from 1887 to 1890, with a rise to director of the second grade (2. Müdür). Yakup then moved to Keşan and Istanbul from 1890 to 1893. The last entry, for 1893/94, names neither a title nor a place. Seven provinces on two continents in all, a number reached by fewer than 4 per cent of the 5,200 officials with a place of service.
Pay rose from 480 kuruş a month in 1865/66 to a peak of 900 in 1871/72, as 2. Müdür in Kayseri, when three in four paid officials earned less. The peak lasted a single year; the next list gives 750 kuruş. After 27 years the salary stood below the first, 450 kuruş against 480; fewer than 7 per cent of the 2,010 officials paid for 15 years or more ended as low. The last annual entry is for 1893/94.
Places in order of time#
Each number is a stop: the birthplace, the place of first work, then every place of the annual entries in turn. The year beside an arrow is the first entry at the new place.
Not on the map, as no position is recorded: stop 13 (Place not recorded).
Born 1840/41 (AH 1256)
1891 to 1893 (AH 1309 to 1310)
400 to 450 kuruş a month; entries in 2 years
Place not recorded not on the map
1893/94 (AH 1311)
entries in 1 year
Career and salary#
Log scale: equal steps are equal ratios. The median of the same title is drawn for the years in which at least 5 officials with that title had a salary, and the median of the same province for the years in which at least 5 officials were paid in the province of the official's salary that year.
The numbers of the chart
| Year | Salary | Median, all officials | Median, same title | Median, same province | Paid less |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1865/66 | 480 | 650 | 576 | 720 | 25% |
| 1866/67 | 400 | 600 | 480 | 720 | 18% |
| 1867/68 | 600 | 600 | 480 | 480 | 48% |
| 1868/69 | 600 | 600 | 480 | 600 | 47% |
| 1869/70 | 600 | 600 | 400 | 800 | 48% |
| 1870/71 | 600 | 600 | 400 | 650 | 49% |
| 1871/72 | 900 | 550 | 855 | 452.5 | 75% |
| 1873/74 | 750 | 500 | 830 | 600 | 63% |
| 1874/75 | 750 | 535 | 800 | 600 | 63% |
| 1876/77 | 750 | 582.5 | 800 | 675 | 63% |
| 1877/78 | 800 | 560 | 800 | 600 | 68% |
| 1878 | 800 | 600 | 800 | 800 | 65% |
| 1878/79 | 800 | 600 | 800 | 800 | 66% |
| 1879/80 | 760 | 500 | 800 | 537.5 | 74% |
| 1880/81 | 760 | 500 | 800 | 400 | 74% |
| 1881/82 | 760 | 500 | 800 | 475 | 74% |
| 1882/83 | 760 | 500 | 800 | 487.5 | 73% |
| 1883/84 | 760 | 500 | 800 | 500 | 73% |
| 1884/85 | 600 | 500 | 600 | 500 | 59% |
| 1885/86 | 600 | 500 | 600 | 500 | 58% |
| 1886/87 | 600 | 500 | 600 | 550 | 59% |
| 1887/88 | 800 | 500 | 800 | 600 | 76% |
| 1888/89 | 800 | 500 | 800 | 550 | 77% |
| 1889/90 | 800 | 500 | 800 | 600 | 78% |
| 1890/91 | 800 | 500 | 800 | 500 | 79% |
| 1891/92 | 400 | 500 | 465 | 500 | 29% |
| 1892/93 | 450 | 500 | 430 | 500 | 41% |
Paid less: the share of the other officials with a salary that year who earned less.
Point at a year for its salary, title, place and the median of all officials paid that year. Choose a row of the table to mark its years in the charts and its stop on the map.
| Years | Title | Place | Salary (kuruş a month) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1862/63AH 1279 | Telgraffirst work | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 480first-salary field |
| 1865/66AH 1282 | Muhabere Memuru | İskenderun | 480 |
| 1866/67AH 1283 | Muhabere Memuru | Jerusalem (Kudüs) | 400 |
| 1867 to 1870AH 1284 to 1286 | Muhabere Memuru | Acre (Akka) | 600 |
| 1870/71AH 1287 | Muhabere Memuru | Jaffa (Yafa) | 600 |
| 1871/72AH 1288 | 2. Müdür | Kayseri | 900 |
| No annual entry: 1872/73 (AH 1289) | |||
| 1873 to 1875AH 1290 to 1291 | 2. Müdür | Mersin | 750 |
| No annual entry: 1875/76 (AH 1292) | |||
| 1876 to 1884AH 1293 to 1301 | 2. Müdür | Mersin | 750 to 760 |
| 1884 to 1887AH 1302 to 1304 | 3. Müdür | Tarsus | 600 |
| 1887 to 1890AH 1305 to 1307 | 2. Müdür | Mersin | 800 |
| 1890/91AH 1308 | 2. Müdür | Keşan | 800 |
| 1891 to 1893AH 1309 to 1310 | Kontrol Kalemi | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 400 to 450 |
| 1893/94AH 1311 | |||
Record#
Personal
- Born
- 1840/41 (AH 1256)
- Birthplace
- Kayseri
- Community
- Greek Orthodox Christian (Rum)
- Nationality as recorded
- Rum
Education
- Community school
- Millet Mektebi (4 years)community school (school of a non-Muslim community)
- Unpaid years (mülazemet)
- 3 years
- Preparation route (classification of the paper)
- Low
- Qualification (diploma, certificate, training or nişan)
- NoShown as in the flag of the paper. The qualification column of the recovered extract gives yes.
The years count all schooling up to that school, as the record gives them.
Languages
- Greek (Rum)
- Kitabetwriting. Rum is the word of the records for Greek as spoken by the Orthodox Christians of the empire. It is kept apart from the column Greek, which the records also have
- Turkish
- Kitabetwriting
The glosses are cautious historical readings of the recorded words, not modern levels of proficiency.
First work
- Year
- 1862/63 (AH 1279)
- Place
- Istanbul (Dersaadet)
- First job as worded
- Telgraf
- Age at first work (workbook field)
- 23
- First salary field (kuruş a month)
- 480
- First-job salary of the original workbook (kuruş a month)
- 480
Recorded with#
Officials who share a place, a job title, a school, a birthplace or the year of the first annual entry. Ranks compare the highest monthly salary of each official.
Same post (job title and place), same years
Of the 3 officials who held 2. Müdür in Mersin in the same years, Yakup Efendi had the 2nd highest salary.
- Mehmet Tevfik Efendi1 shared year; highest salary 1,200 kuruş
- Selim Efendi1 shared year; highest salary 800 kuruş
Same place, same years
Of the 15 officials with entries in Mersin in the same years, Yakup Efendi had the 4th highest salary.
- Mehmet Hulusi Efendi5 shared years; highest salary 540 kuruş
- İbrahim Hilmi Efendi2 shared years; highest salary 600 kuruş
- Mehmed Tevfik Efendi2 shared years; highest salary 600 kuruş
- Şakir Efendi2 shared years; highest salary 600 kuruş
- İzzet Efendi2 shared years; highest salary 400 kuruş
Same job title, same years
Of the 260 officials with the title 2. Müdür in the same years, Yakup Efendi had the 197th highest salary.
- Hızır Abbas Efendi16 shared years; highest salary 2,500 kuruş
- Mahmut Fazlı Efendi16 shared years; highest salary 2,500 kuruş
- Hasan Tahsin Efendi16 shared years; highest salary 1,300 kuruş
- Hüseyin Rüştü Efendi16 shared years; highest salary 1,000 kuruş
- Mehmet İzzet Efendi16 shared years; highest salary 1,000 kuruş
Same school
Of the 263 officials with Millet Mektebi among their schools, Yakup Efendi had the 25th highest salary.
- Yusuf İstiko Efendiborn 1840/41 (AH 1256); highest salary 1,500 kuruş
- Aleksan Efendiborn 1841/42 (AH 1257); highest salary 800 kuruş
- Rifat Antuvan Efendiborn 1842/43 (AH 1258); highest salary 600 kuruş
- Kostantin De Martin Efendiborn 1837/38 (AH 1253); highest salary 1,500 kuruş
- David Efendiborn 1843/44 (AH 1259); highest salary 600 kuruş
Same birthplace
Of the 23 officials born in Kayseri, Yakup Efendi had the 6th highest salary.
- Hacı Ahmet Behçet Efendiborn 1841/42 (AH 1257); highest salary 1,150 kuruş
- Ahmet Hamdi Efendiborn 1842/43 (AH 1258); highest salary 650 kuruş
- İbrahim Hakkı Efendiborn 1843/44 (AH 1259); highest salary 285 kuruş
- David Efendiborn 1845/46 (AH 1262); highest salary 975 kuruş
- Mehteri Ömer İzzet Efendiborn 1845/46 (AH 1262); highest salary 482 kuruş
First annual entry in the same year
Of the 47 officials whose first annual entry is for 1865/66 (AH 1282), Yakup Efendi had the 28th highest salary.
- Ahmet Hazım Efendifirst entry in Larissa (Yenişehir-i Fener); highest salary 1,000 kuruş
- Mehmet Pertev Efendifirst entry in Balıkesir; highest salary 800 kuruş
- Ahmet Rifat Efendifirst entry in Samsun; highest salary 1,500 kuruş
- Hasan Rifatfirst entry in Istanbul; highest salary 2,000 kuruş
- İsmail Zühdü Beyfirst entry in Istanbul; highest salary 2,500 kuruş
Full record
Annual entries (28)
| Year | Title | Place | Kuruş a month | Institution | Source | Archive reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1865/66AH 1282 | Muhabere Memuru | İskenderun | 480 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58_0216;429 |
| 1866/67AH 1283 | Muhabere Memuru | Jerusalem (Kudüs) | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58_0216;429 |
| 1867/68AH 1284 | Muhabere Memuru | Acre (Akka) | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58_0216;429 |
| 1868/69AH 1285 | Muhabere Memuru | Acre (Akka) | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58_0216;429 |
| 1869/70AH 1286 | Muhabere Memuru | Acre (Akka) | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58_0216;429 |
| 1870/71AH 1287 | Muhabere Memuru | Jaffa (Yafa) | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58_0216;429 |
| 1871/72AH 1288 | 2. Müdür | Kayseri | 900 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58_0216;429 |
| 1873/74AH 1290 | 2. Müdür | Mersin | 750 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58_0216;429 |
| 1874/75AH 1291 | 2. Müdür | Mersin | 750 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58_0216;429 |
| 1876/77AH 1293 | 2. Müdür | Mersin | 750 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58_0216;429 |
| 1877/78AH 1294 | 2. Müdür | Mersin | 800 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58_0216;429 |
| 1878AH 1295 | 2. Müdür | Mersin | 800 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58_0216;429 |
| 1878/79AH 1296 | 2. Müdür | Mersin | 800 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58_0216;429 |
| 1879/80AH 1297 | 2. Müdür | Mersin | 760 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58_0216;429 |
| 1880/81AH 1298 | 2. Müdür | Mersin | 760 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58_0216;429 |
| 1881/82AH 1299 | 2. Müdür | Mersin | 760 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58_0216;429 |
| 1882/83AH 1300 | 2. Müdür | Mersin | 760 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58_0216;429 |
| 1883/84AH 1301 | 2. Müdür | Mersin | 760 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58_0216;429 |
| 1884/85AH 1302 | 3. Müdür | Tarsus | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58_0216;429 |
| 1885/86AH 1303 | 3. Müdür | Tarsus | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58_0216;429 |
| 1886/87AH 1304 | 3. Müdür | Tarsus | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58_0216;429 |
| 1887/88AH 1305 | 2. Müdür | Mersin | 800 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58_0216;429 |
| 1888/89AH 1306 | 2. Müdür | Mersin | 800 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58_0216;429 |
| 1889/90AH 1307 | 2. Müdür | Mersin | 800 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58_0216;429 |
| 1890/91AH 1308 | 2. Müdür | Keşan | 800 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58_0216;429 |
| 1891/92AH 1309 | Kontrol Kalemi | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58_0216;429 |
| 1892/93AH 1310 | Kontrol Kalemi | Istanbul (Dersaadet) | 450 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58_0216;429 |
| 1893/94AH 1311 | Other | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 58_0216;429 |
What the sources named in this table are
- Cross-ministry personnel workbook
- A personnel workbook with the annual entries in institutions other than the Post and Telegraph (justice, land registry, customs, police and others), with the same annual fields as the personnel workbook.
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
Sources and original values (23)
| Field | Recorded value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Identity | ||
| Name | Yakup Efendi | Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Linked personnel workbook |
| Birth year (AH) | 1256 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Birthplace | kayseri | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Birthplace: district (kaza) | Kayseri | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Birthplace: sancak | Kayseri | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Birthplace: province (vilayet) | Ankara | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Province of birth | ankara | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Religion | Hristiyan | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Nationality or community | Rum | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Schooling | ||
| School | Millet Mektebi | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Years of schooling | 4 used on this page | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Years of schooling | 7 other value | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Years of apprenticeship (mülazemet) | 3 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| First work | ||
| First work: year (AH) | 1279 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Linked personnel workbook |
| First work: Gregorian year as stored | 1862 | Recovered annual personnel extract |
| First work: place | istanbul | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| First work: district (kaza) | istanbul | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| First work: sancak | istanbul | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| First work: province (vilayet) | istanbul | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| First job as worded | Telgraf | Linked personnel workbook; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Age at first work (workbook field) | 23 | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| First salary field (kuruş a month) | 480 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First-job salary of the original workbook (kuruş a month) | 480 | Linked personnel workbook; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
What the sources named in this table are
- Cross-ministry personnel workbook
- A personnel workbook with the annual entries in institutions other than the Post and Telegraph (justice, land registry, customs, police and others), with the same annual fields as the personnel workbook.
- Earlier annual personnel extract
- The detailed annual personnel file of October 2024. An official found only in this file keeps the years, titles and salaries it gives.
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
- Personnel attributes extract
- The detailed personnel file of September 2025, read for personal details such as birth, schooling and first work.
- Linked personnel workbook
- The original personnel workbook, from which selected fields on background and first work are taken.
- The sources give more than one value for a marked field. Every value is listed.
- Origin of the record: Post and Telegraph personnel records.
- 22 annual entries of 28 belong to the saved estimation sample of the paper.
How to read this record: calendar years, years without an annual entry, salaries and sources.
Subjects
- Yakup Efendi
- Director of the second grade (2. Müdür)
- Mersin
- Kayseri
- Community school (Millet Mektebi)
- Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)
- Greek Orthodox Christian (Rum)
- Biography of an Ottoman official (Osmanlı memurunun biyografisi)
- Career and pay (memuriyet ve maaş)
- Ottoman history (Osmanlı tarihi)
- Ottoman bureaucracy (Osmanlı bürokrasisi)
- Ottoman officials (Osmanlı'da memurlar)
- Ottoman personnel registers (Sicill-i Ahvâl defterleri)
- Ottoman registers (Osmanlı defterleri)