Official
Esad Efendi
Muslim (Müslüman). Born in Istanbul (Dersaadet) in 1848/49 (AH 1265). On record 1870 to 1909, 37 annual entries.
Archive reference 58- 0028
Life#
Born in Istanbul in 1848/49 (AH 1265), Esad Efendi came from the Muslim (Müslüman) community. Esad had seven years of schooling, at a middle school (Rüşdiye Mektebi).
At about 17, in 1866/67, Esad began work in Bosna, with four unpaid years as a mülazım (apprentice) before a first salary of 400 kuruş. The annual lists begin in 1870/71, with Esad as a communications official (Muhabere Memuru) in Vlorë (Avlonya). Esad then moved to Serres (Siroz), Thessaloniki (Selanik), Edirne, Hadımköy and Skopje (Üsküp), five places in nine years, then back to Thessaloniki from 1881 to 1901, with a rise to director of the second grade (2. Müdür) in 1897/98 and to assistant inspector (Müfettiş Muavini) in 1900/01. The last posts were in Aydın from 1901 to 1909. Entries spanning 40 years are rare, reached by fewer than 4 per cent of the 5,211 officials. Few officials served in as many provinces; fewer than 7 per cent of the 5,200 officials with a place of service did.
The salary went from 400 kuruş a month in 1870/71 to 1,500 in 1906/07, the peak, as Müfettiş Muavini in Aydın, when 92 per cent of paid officials earned less. In all, 37 years of salary come to 368,520 kuruş, 1.7 times what an official on the median salary earned in those years. The final annual entry is for 1908/09.
Places in order of time#
Each number is a stop: the birthplace, the place of first work, then every place of the annual entries in turn. The year beside an arrow is the first entry at the new place.
Born 1848/49 (AH 1265)
First work 1866/67 (AH 1283)
1870 to 1872 (AH 1287 to 1288)
380 to 400 kuruş a month; entries in 2 years
1873/74 (AH 1290)
No annual entry for 1872/73 (AH 1289) before it.
285 kuruş a month; entries in 1 year
1874 to 1877 (AH 1291 to 1293)
Muhabere Memuru 1874/75 (AH 1291); Seyyar Memur 1875 to 1877 (AH 1292 to 1293)
380 to 600 kuruş a month; entries in 3 years
1878/79 (AH 1296)
No annual entry for 1878 (AH 1295) before it.
600 kuruş a month; entries in 1 year
1880/81 (AH 1298)
No annual entry for 1879/80 (AH 1297) before it.
750 kuruş a month; entries in 1 year
1881 to 1901 (AH 1299 to 1318)
Seyyar Memur 1881 to 1897 (AH 1299 to 1314); 2. Müdür 1897 to 1900 (AH 1315 to 1317); Müfettiş Muavini 1900/01 (AH 1318)
675 to 1,080 kuruş a month; entries in 20 years
Career and salary#
Log scale: equal steps are equal ratios. The median of the same title is drawn for the years in which at least 5 officials with that title had a salary, and the median of the same province for the years in which at least 5 officials were paid in the province of the official's salary that year.
The numbers of the chart
| Year | Salary | Median, all officials | Median, same title | Median, same province | Paid less |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1870/71 | 400 | 600 | 400 | 700 | 20% |
| 1871/72 | 380 | 550 | 400 | 500 | 20% |
| 1873/74 | 285 | 500 | 400 | 475 | 10% |
| 1874/75 | 380 | 535 | 450 | 400 | 18% |
| 1875/76 | 600 | 530 | 500 | 380 | 54% |
| 1876/77 | 600 | 582.5 | 600 | 500 | 50% |
| 1877/78 | 600 | 560 | 410 | 600 | 50% |
| 1878/79 | 600 | 600 | 420 | 600 | 47% |
| 1880/81 | 750 | 500 | 600 | 500 | 73% |
| 1881/82 | 750 | 500 | 600 | 400 | 74% |
| 1882/83 | 750 | 500 | 600 | 500 | 73% |
| 1883/84 | 750 | 500 | 600 | 462.5 | 72% |
| 1884/85 | 750 | 500 | 550 | 500 | 72% |
| 1885/86 | 750 | 500 | 550 | 500 | 73% |
| 1886/87 | 750 | 500 | 600 | 500 | 73% |
| 1887/88 | 750 | 500 | 600 | 500 | 73% |
| 1888/89 | 750 | 500 | 600 | 500 | 73% |
| 1889/90 | 750 | 500 | 600 | 500 | 74% |
| 1890/91 | 750 | 500 | 600 | 500 | 75% |
| 1891/92 | 750 | 500 | 600 | 500 | 75% |
| 1892/93 | 750 | 500 | 600 | 500 | 76% |
| 1893/94 | 750 | 500 | 600 | 500 | 76% |
| 1894/95 | 750 | 500 | 600 | 500 | 76% |
| 1895/96 | 750 | 500 | 675 | 500 | 76% |
| 1896/97 | 675 | 500 | 575 | 472.5 | 77% |
| 1897/98 | 950 | 500 | 778.5 | 500 | 90% |
| 1898/99 | 950 | 500 | 800 | 500 | 89% |
| 1899/1900 | 950 | 500 | 783 | 500 | 88% |
| 1900/01 | 1,080 | 500 | 1,080 | 500 | 90% |
| 1901/02 | 1,080 | 500 | 1,080 | 495 | 90% |
| 1902/03 | 1,080 | 500 | 1,080 | 500 | 90% |
| 1903/04 | 1,200 | 475 | 1,080 | 497.5 | 91% |
| 1904/05 | 1,200 | 450 | 1,180 | 425 | 91% |
| 1905/06 | 1,200 | 475 | 1,080 | 475 | 90% |
| 1906/07 | 1,500 | 450 | 1,100 | 500 | 92% |
| 1907/08 | 1,500 | 300 | 1,100 | 300 | 90% |
| 1908/09 | 1,500 | 350 | 400 | 87% |
Paid less: the share of the other officials with a salary that year who earned less.
Point at a year for its salary, title, place and the median of all officials paid that year. Choose a row of the table to mark its years in the charts and its stop on the map.
| Years | Title | Place | Salary (kuruş a month) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1866/67AH 1283 | First work | Bosna | 400first-salary field |
| 1870 to 1872AH 1287 to 1288 | Muhabere Memuru | Vlorë (Avlonya) | 400 to 380 |
| No annual entry: 1872/73 (AH 1289) | |||
| 1873/74AH 1290 | Muhabere Memuru | Serres (Siroz) | 285 |
| 1874/75AH 1291 | Muhabere Memuru | Thessaloniki (Selanik) | 380 |
| 1875 to 1877AH 1292 to 1293 | Seyyar Memur | Thessaloniki (Selanik) | 600 |
| 1877/78AH 1294 | Muhabere Memuru | Edirne | 600 |
| No annual entry: 1878 (AH 1295) | |||
| 1878/79AH 1296 | Muhabere Memuru | Hadımköy | 600 |
| No annual entry: 1879/80 (AH 1297) | |||
| 1880/81AH 1298 | Seyyar Memur | Skopje (Üsküp) | 750 |
| 1881 to 1897AH 1299 to 1314 | Seyyar Memur | Thessaloniki (Selanik) | 750 to 675 |
| 1897 to 1900AH 1315 to 1317 | 2. Müdür | Thessaloniki (Selanik) | 950 |
| 1900/01AH 1318 | Müfettiş Muavini | Thessaloniki (Selanik) | 1,080 |
| 1901 to 1909AH 1319 to 1326 | Müfettiş Muavini | Aydın | 1,080 to 1,500 |
Record#
Personal
- Born
- 1848/49 (AH 1265)
- Birthplace
- Istanbul (Dersaadet)
- Community
- Muslim (Müslüman)
- Nationality as recorded
- Turkish
Education
- Rüşdiye
- Rüşdiye Mektebi (7 years)rüşdiye school (middle school)
- Unpaid years (mülazemet)
- 4 years
- Preparation route (classification of the paper)
- Low
- Qualification (diploma, certificate, training or nişan)
- No
The years count all schooling up to that school, as the record gives them.
Languages
- Turkish
- Kitabetwriting
The glosses are cautious historical readings of the recorded words, not modern levels of proficiency.
First work
- Year
- 1866/67 (AH 1283)
- Place
- Bosna
- First salary field (kuruş a month)
- 400
Recorded with#
Officials who share a place, a job title, a school, a birthplace or the year of the first annual entry. Ranks compare the highest monthly salary of each official.
Same post (job title and place), same years
Of the 17 officials who held Seyyar Memur in Thessaloniki (Selanik) in the same years, Esad Efendi had the highest salary.
- İbrahim Sırrı Efendi10 shared years; highest salary 750 kuruş
- Mahmut Nedim Efendi6 shared years; highest salary 750 kuruş
- Ali Rıza Efendi5 shared years; highest salary 700 kuruş
- Mehmet Amil Bey4 shared years; highest salary 800 kuruş
- Necip Efendi4 shared years; highest salary 750 kuruş
Same place, same years
Of the 223 officials with entries in Thessaloniki (Selanik) in the same years, Esad Efendi had the 24th highest salary.
- Mehmet Aziz Efendi23 shared years; highest salary 700 kuruş
- Berdos [Bedros] Efendi20 shared years; highest salary 800 kuruş
- Sadık Efendi20 shared years; highest salary 800 kuruş
- Unnamed official (23_48; 93)20 shared years; highest salary 780 kuruş
- Hasan Nazmi Efendi20 shared years; highest salary 700 kuruş
Same job title, same years
Of the 137 officials with the title Seyyar Memur in the same years, Esad Efendi had the 5th highest salary.
- Agop Efendi18 shared years; highest salary 675 kuruş
- Abdülaziz Efendi17 shared years; highest salary 600 kuruş
- Fransuva Efendi17 shared years; highest salary 500 kuruş
- Hüseyin Hüsnü Efendi16 shared years; highest salary 600 kuruş
- Cemal Efendi13 shared years; highest salary 500 kuruş
Same school
Of the 3,206 officials with Rüşdiye Mektebi among their schools, 3,200 have a recorded salary; Esad Efendi had the 133rd highest salary of them.
- Ahmed Rıfat Efendiborn 1848/49 (AH 1265); highest salary 1,200 kuruş
- Ahmed Sadık Efendiborn 1848/49 (AH 1265); highest salary 1,200 kuruş
- Ahmet Tevfik Efendiborn 1848/49 (AH 1265); highest salary 950 kuruş
- Ali Afif Efendiborn 1848/49 (AH 1265); highest salary 1,000 kuruş
- Cafer Sadık Efendiborn 1848/49 (AH 1265); highest salary 750 kuruş
Same birthplace
Of the 1,999 officials born in Istanbul, 1,997 have a recorded salary; Esad Efendi had the 203rd highest salary of them.
- Ahmed Rıfat Efendiborn 1848/49 (AH 1265); highest salary 1,200 kuruş
- Ahmed Sadık Efendiborn 1848/49 (AH 1265); highest salary 1,200 kuruş
- Ali Afif Efendiborn 1848/49 (AH 1265); highest salary 1,000 kuruş
- Ali Nafiz Efendiborn 1848/49 (AH 1265); highest salary 750 kuruş
- Andon Körkis Efendiborn 1848/49 (AH 1265); highest salary 800 kuruş
First annual entry in the same year
Of the 66 officials whose first annual entry is for 1870/71 (AH 1287), Esad Efendi had the 14th highest salary.
- Mehmet Ali Efendifirst entry in Drama; highest salary 380 kuruş
- Mehmet Şükrü Efendifirst entry in Istanbul; highest salary 2,500 kuruş
- Mehmet Tevfik Efendifirst entry in Burdur; highest salary 800 kuruş
- Mustafa Cudi Efendifirst entry in Damascus (Şam); highest salary 1,200 kuruş
- Mustafa Ragıp Efendifirst entry in Erzincan; highest salary 1,000 kuruş
Full record
Annual entries (37)
| Year | Title | Place | Kuruş a month | Institution | Source | Archive reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1870/71AH 1287 | Muhabere Memuru | Vlorë (Avlonya) | 400 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 0028 |
| 1871/72AH 1288 | Muhabere Memuru | Vlorë (Avlonya) | 380 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 0028 |
| 1873/74AH 1290 | Muhabere Memuru | Serres (Siroz) | 285 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 0028 |
| 1874/75AH 1291 | Muhabere Memuru | Thessaloniki (Selanik) | 380 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 0028 |
| 1875/76AH 1292 | Seyyar Memur | Thessaloniki (Selanik) | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 0028 |
| 1876/77AH 1293 | Seyyar Memur | Thessaloniki (Selanik) | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 0028 |
| 1877/78AH 1294 | Muhabere Memuru | Edirne | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 0028 |
| 1878/79AH 1296 | Muhabere Memuru | Hadımköy | 600 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 0028 |
| 1880/81AH 1298 | Seyyar Memur | Skopje (Üsküp) | 750 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 0028 |
| 1881/82AH 1299 | Seyyar Memur | Thessaloniki (Selanik) | 750 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 0028 |
| 1882/83AH 1300 | Seyyar Memur | Thessaloniki (Selanik) | 750 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 0028 |
| 1883/84AH 1301 | Seyyar Memur | Thessaloniki (Selanik) | 750 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 0028 |
| 1884/85AH 1302 | Seyyar Memur | Thessaloniki (Selanik) | 750 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 0028 |
| 1885/86AH 1303 | Seyyar Memur | Thessaloniki (Selanik) | 750 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 0028 |
| 1886/87AH 1304 | Seyyar Memur | Thessaloniki (Selanik) | 750 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 0028 |
| 1887/88AH 1305 | Seyyar Memur | Thessaloniki (Selanik) | 750 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 0028 |
| 1888/89AH 1306 | Seyyar Memur | Thessaloniki (Selanik) | 750 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 0028 |
| 1889/90AH 1307 | Seyyar Memur | Thessaloniki (Selanik) | 750 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 0028 |
| 1890/91AH 1308 | Seyyar Memur | Thessaloniki (Selanik) | 750 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 0028 |
| 1891/92AH 1309 | Seyyar Memur | Thessaloniki (Selanik) | 750 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 0028 |
| 1892/93AH 1310 | Seyyar Memur | Thessaloniki (Selanik) | 750 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 0028 |
| 1893/94AH 1311 | Seyyar Memur | Thessaloniki (Selanik) | 750 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 0028 |
| 1894/95AH 1312 | Seyyar Memur | Thessaloniki (Selanik) | 750 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 0028 |
| 1895/96AH 1313 | Seyyar Memur | Thessaloniki (Selanik) | 750 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 0028 |
| 1896/97AH 1314 | Seyyar Memur | Thessaloniki (Selanik) | 675 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 0028 |
| 1897/98AH 1315 | 2. Müdür | Thessaloniki (Selanik) | 950 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 0028 |
| 1898/99AH 1316 | 2. Müdür | Thessaloniki (Selanik) | 950 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 0028 |
| 1899/1900AH 1317 | 2. Müdür | Thessaloniki (Selanik) | 950 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 0028 |
| 1900/01AH 1318 | Müfettiş Muavini | Thessaloniki (Selanik) | 1,080 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 0028 |
| 1901/02AH 1319 | Müfettiş Muavini | Aydın | 1,080 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 0028 |
| 1902/03AH 1320 | Müfettiş Muavini | Aydın | 1,080 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 0028 |
| 1903/04AH 1321 | Müfettiş Muavini | Aydın | 1,200 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 0028 |
| 1904/05AH 1322 | Müfettiş Muavini | Aydın | 1,200 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 0028 |
| 1905/06AH 1323 | Müfettiş Muavini | Aydın | 1,200 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 0028 |
| 1906/07AH 1324 | Müfettiş Muavini | Aydın | 1,500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 0028 |
| 1907/08AH 1325 | Müfettiş Muavini | Aydın | 1,500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 0028 |
| 1908/09AH 1326 | Müfettiş Muavini | Aydın | 1,500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 58- 0028 |
What the sources named in this table are
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
Sources and original values (13)
| Field | Recorded value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Identity | ||
| Name | Esad Efendi | Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Birth year (AH) | 1265 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Birthplace | dersaadet | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Province of birth | dersaadet | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Religion | Musluman | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Nationality or community | Turkish | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Schooling | ||
| School | Rusdiye Mektebi | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Years of schooling | 7 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Years of apprenticeship (mülazemet) | 4 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First work | ||
| First work: year (AH) | 1283 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First work: Gregorian year as stored | 1866 | Recovered annual personnel extract |
| First work: place | bosna | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First salary field (kuruş a month) | 400 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
What the sources named in this table are
- Earlier annual personnel extract
- The detailed annual personnel file of October 2024. An official found only in this file keeps the years, titles and salaries it gives.
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
- Personnel attributes extract
- The detailed personnel file of September 2025, read for personal details such as birth, schooling and first work.
- Origin of the record: Post and Telegraph personnel records.
- 34 annual entries of 37 belong to the saved estimation sample of the paper.
How to read this record: calendar years, years without an annual entry, salaries and sources.
Subjects
- Esad Efendi
- Travelling postal official (Seyyar Memur)
- Thessaloniki (Selanik)
- Istanbul (Dersaadet)
- Rüşdiye school (Rüşdiye Mektebi)
- Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)
- Muslim (Müslüman)
- Biography of an Ottoman official (Osmanlı memurunun biyografisi)
- Career and pay (memuriyet ve maaş)
- Ottoman history (Osmanlı tarihi)
- Ottoman bureaucracy (Osmanlı bürokrasisi)
- Ottoman officials (Osmanlı'da memurlar)
- Ottoman personnel registers (Sicill-i Ahvâl defterleri)
- Ottoman registers (Osmanlı defterleri)