Official
Mehmet Tevfik Efendi
Muslim (Müslüman). Born in Baghdad (Bağdat) in 1867/68 (AH 1284). On record 1884 to 1906, 22 annual entries.
Archive reference 0088_0139: 273
Life#
Mehmet Tevfik Efendi was born in Baghdad (Bağdat) in 1867/68 (AH 1284), into the Muslim (Müslüman) community. Schooling took seven years, at a middle school (Rüşdiye Mektebi); Mehmet Tevfik also wrote Turkish and spoke Arabic, and held a qualification (a diploma, certificate, training or decoration).
Work began in Hillah (Hille) in 1884/85, at about 17, paid from the start, on 200 kuruş a month. The annual lists begin in 1884/85, with Mehmet Tevfik in the Asar 2. Kitabeti in Hillah, where the entries run to 1887/88. Next came Kirkuk (Kerkük), Nasiriyah (Nasıriye) and Karbala (Kerbela) from 1888 to 1895, with a rise to communications official (Muhabere Memuru) in 1888/89 and to chief communications official (Başmuhabere Memuru) in 1892/93. From 1895 to 1906 the annual entries place Mehmet Tevfik in Baghdad, the birthplace.
The salary went from 240 kuruş a month in 1884/85 to 575 in 1892/93, the peak, as Başmuhabere Memuru in Nasiriyah, when 59 per cent of paid officials earned less. The final annual entry is for 1905/06.
Places in order of time#
Each number is a stop: the birthplace, the place of first work, then every place of the annual entries in turn. The year beside an arrow is the first entry at the new place.
Born 1867/68 (AH 1284)
First work 1884/85 (AH 1302); 1884 to 1888 (AH 1302 to 1305)
First work as Asar Kitabeti
240 kuruş a month; entries in 4 years
1888 to 1892 (AH 1306 to 1309)
380 to 500 kuruş a month; entries in 4 years
1892 to 1894 (AH 1310 to 1311)
575 kuruş a month; entries in 2 years
1895 to 1906 (AH 1313 to 1323)
380 to 500 kuruş a month; entries in 11 years
Career and salary#
Log scale: equal steps are equal ratios. The median of the same title is drawn for the years in which at least 5 officials with that title had a salary, and the median of the same province for the years in which at least 5 officials were paid in the province of the official's salary that year.
The numbers of the chart
| Year | Salary | Median, all officials | Median, same title | Median, same province | Paid less |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1884/85 | 240 | 500 | 500 | 5% | |
| 1885/86 | 240 | 500 | 475 | 6% | |
| 1886/87 | 240 | 500 | 500 | 6% | |
| 1887/88 | 240 | 500 | 500 | 6% | |
| 1888/89 | 380 | 500 | 400 | 475 | 21% |
| 1889/90 | 380 | 500 | 400 | 570 | 21% |
| 1890/91 | 500 | 500 | 400 | 570 | 43% |
| 1891/92 | 500 | 500 | 400 | 500 | 43% |
| 1892/93 | 575 | 500 | 600 | 600 | 59% |
| 1893/94 | 575 | 500 | 600 | 570 | 59% |
| 1894/95 | 500 | 500 | 400 | 500 | 46% |
| 1895/96 | 380 | 500 | 400 | 535 | 26% |
| 1896/97 | 380 | 500 | 400 | 500 | 28% |
| 1897/98 | 380 | 500 | 400 | 500 | 29% |
| 1898/99 | 380 | 500 | 400 | 500 | 28% |
| 1899/1900 | 380 | 500 | 400 | 500 | 27% |
| 1900/01 | 380 | 500 | 400 | 500 | 27% |
| 1901/02 | 453 | 500 | 400 | 500 | 47% |
| 1902/03 | 453 | 500 | 380 | 480 | 47% |
| 1903/04 | 453 | 475 | 350 | 500 | 49% |
| 1904/05 | 500 | 450 | 350 | 455 | 52% |
| 1905/06 | 500 | 475 | 330 | 460 | 50% |
Paid less: the share of the other officials with a salary that year who earned less.
Point at a year for its salary, title, place and the median of all officials paid that year. Choose a row of the table to mark its years in the charts and its stop on the map.
| Years | Title | Place | Salary (kuruş a month) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1884/85AH 1302 | Asar Kitabetifirst work | Hillah (Hille) | 200first-salary field |
| 1884 to 1888AH 1302 to 1305 | Asar 2. Kitabeti | Hillah (Hille) | 240 |
| 1888 to 1892AH 1306 to 1309 | Muhabere Memuru | Kirkuk (Kerkük) | 380 to 500 |
| 1892 to 1894AH 1310 to 1311 | Başmuhabere Memuru | Nasiriyah (Nasıriye) | 575 |
| 1894/95AH 1312 | Muhabere Memuru | Karbala (Kerbela) | 500 |
| 1895 to 1906AH 1313 to 1323 | Muhabere Memuru | Baghdad (Bağdat) | 380 to 500 |
Record#
Personal
- Born
- 1867/68 (AH 1284)
- Birthplace
- Baghdad (Bağdat)
- Community
- Muslim (Müslüman)
- Nationality as recorded
- Turkish
Education
- Rüşdiye
- Rüşdiye Mektebi (7 years)rüşdiye school (middle school); place of the school as worded: Bagdat
- Unpaid years (mülazemet)
- 0 years
- Preparation route (classification of the paper)
- Middle
- Qualification (diploma, certificate, training or nişan)
- Yes
The years count all schooling up to that school, as the record gives them.
Languages
- Arabic
- Tekellumspeaking
- Turkish
- Kitabetwriting
The glosses are cautious historical readings of the recorded words, not modern levels of proficiency.
First work
- Year
- 1884/85 (AH 1302)
- Place
- Hillah (Hille)
- First job as worded
- Asar Kitabeti
- Age at first work (workbook field)
- 18
- First salary field (kuruş a month)
- 200
- First-job salary of the original workbook (kuruş a month)
- 200
Notes from the record
- Merit and competence grade (recorded code)
- 1
Recorded with#
Officials who share a place, a job title, a school, a birthplace or the year of the first annual entry. Ranks compare the highest monthly salary of each official.
Same post (job title and place), same years
Of the 37 officials who held Muhabere Memuru in Baghdad (Bağdat) in the same years, Mehmet Tevfik Efendi had the 10th highest salary.
- Setran Efendi11 shared years; highest salary 600 kuruş
- Mehmet Salih Efendi10 shared years; highest salary 655 kuruş
- Mehmet Sadi Efendi8 shared years; highest salary 500 kuruş
- Abdullah Efendi8 shared years; highest salary 460 kuruş
- Menaşe Efendi8 shared years; highest salary 450 kuruş
Same place, same years
Of the 77 officials with entries in Baghdad (Bağdat) in the same years, Mehmet Tevfik Efendi had the 41st highest salary.
- Bekir Efendi11 shared years; highest salary 2,700 kuruş
- Unnamed official (0087_0089, sayfa no:175.)11 shared years; highest salary 700 kuruş
- Setran Efendi11 shared years; highest salary 600 kuruş
- Abdülbaki Efendi10 shared years; highest salary 1,000 kuruş
- Mehmet Salih Efendi10 shared years; highest salary 655 kuruş
Same job title, same years
Of the 2,246 officials with the title Muhabere Memuru in the same years, Mehmet Tevfik Efendi had the 885th highest salary.
- Mehmet Hulusi Bey16 shared years; highest salary 2,600 kuruş
- Mehmet Sadullah Efendi16 shared years; highest salary 1,650 kuruş
- Ali Şevket Efendi16 shared years; highest salary 1,450 kuruş
- Nikola Yunani Efendi16 shared years; highest salary 1,350 kuruş
- Mustafa Efendi16 shared years; highest salary 1,200 kuruş
Same school
Of the 3,206 officials with Rüşdiye Mektebi among their schools, 3,200 have a recorded salary; Mehmet Tevfik Efendi had the 1,109th highest salary of them.
- Ahmet Efendiborn 1867/68 (AH 1284); highest salary 380 kuruş
- Ahmet Ferit Efendiborn 1867/68 (AH 1284); highest salary 540 kuruş
- Ahmet Nazif Efendiborn 1867/68 (AH 1284); highest salary 500 kuruş
- Ali Avni Efendiborn 1867/68 (AH 1284); highest salary 800 kuruş
- Ali Enver Efendiborn 1867/68 (AH 1284); highest salary 500 kuruş
Same birthplace
Of the 73 officials born in Baghdad (Bağdat), Mehmet Tevfik Efendi had the 37th highest salary.
- Mehmet Rifat Efendiborn 1867/68 (AH 1284); highest salary 300 kuruş
- Abdülmuttalip Muhlis Efendiborn 1866/67 (AH 1283); highest salary 700 kuruş
- Abdürrezzak Efendiborn 1866/67 (AH 1283); highest salary 800 kuruş
- Mahmut Hamdi Efendiborn 1865/66 (AH 1282); highest salary 540 kuruş
- Setran Efendiborn 1869/70 (AH 1286); highest salary 600 kuruş
The page of Baghdad (Bağdat), with the 73 officials born there
First annual entry in the same year
Of the 67 officials whose first annual entry is for 1884/85 (AH 1302), Mehmet Tevfik Efendi had the 33rd highest salary.
- Ali Kazım Efendifirst entry in Manisa; highest salary 590 kuruş
- Hafız Ahmet Efendifirst entry in Çatalca; highest salary 200 kuruş
- Kirikork İskender Efendifirst entry in Çanakkale; highest salary 450 kuruş
- Mehmet Sadık Efendifirst entry in Adapazarı; highest salary 540 kuruş
- Osman İsmet Efendifirst entry in Izmir (İzmir); highest salary 600 kuruş
All 67 officials whose first annual entry is for 1884/85 (AH 1302)
Full record
Annual entries (22)
| Year | Title | Place | Kuruş a month | Institution | Source | Archive reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1884/85AH 1302 | Asar 2. Kitabeti | Hillah (Hille) | 240 | Finance (Maliye) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 0088_0139: 273 |
| 1885/86AH 1303 | Asar 2. Kitabeti | Hillah (Hille) | 240 | Finance (Maliye) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 0088_0139: 273 |
| 1886/87AH 1304 | Asar 2. Kitabeti | Hillah (Hille) | 240 | Finance (Maliye) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 0088_0139: 273 |
| 1887/88AH 1305 | Asar 2. Kitabeti | Hillah (Hille) | 240 | Finance (Maliye) | Cross-ministry personnel workbook | 0088_0139: 273 |
| 1888/89AH 1306 | Muhabere Memuru | Kirkuk (Kerkük) | 380 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0088_0139: 273 |
| 1889/90AH 1307 | Muhabere Memuru | Kirkuk (Kerkük) | 380 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0088_0139: 273 |
| 1890/91AH 1308 | Muhabere Memuru | Kirkuk (Kerkük) | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0088_0139: 273 |
| 1891/92AH 1309 | Muhabere Memuru | Kirkuk (Kerkük) | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0088_0139: 273 |
| 1892/93AH 1310 | Başmuhabere Memuru | Nasiriyah (Nasıriye) | 575 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0088_0139: 273 |
| 1893/94AH 1311 | Başmuhabere Memuru | Nasiriyah (Nasıriye) | 575 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0088_0139: 273 |
| 1894/95AH 1312 | Muhabere Memuru | Karbala (Kerbela) | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0088_0139: 273 |
| 1895/96AH 1313 | Muhabere Memuru | Baghdad (Bağdat) | 380 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0088_0139: 273 |
| 1896/97AH 1314 | Muhabere Memuru | Baghdad (Bağdat) | 380 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0088_0139: 273 |
| 1897/98AH 1315 | Muhabere Memuru | Baghdad (Bağdat) | 380 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0088_0139: 273 |
| 1898/99AH 1316 | Muhabere Memuru | Baghdad (Bağdat) | 380 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0088_0139: 273 |
| 1899/1900AH 1317 | Muhabere Memuru | Baghdad (Bağdat) | 380 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0088_0139: 273 |
| 1900/01AH 1318 | Muhabere Memuru | Baghdad (Bağdat) | 380 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0088_0139: 273 |
| 1901/02AH 1319 | Muhabere Memuru | Baghdad (Bağdat) | 453 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0088_0139: 273 |
| 1902/03AH 1320 | Muhabere Memuru | Baghdad (Bağdat) | 453 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0088_0139: 273 |
| 1903/04AH 1321 | Muhabere Memuru | Baghdad (Bağdat) | 453 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0088_0139: 273 |
| 1904/05AH 1322 | Muhabere Memuru | Baghdad (Bağdat) | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0088_0139: 273 |
| 1905/06AH 1323 | Muhabere Memuru | Baghdad (Bağdat) | 500 | Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf) | Recovered annual personnel extract | 0088_0139: 273 |
What the sources named in this table are
- Cross-ministry personnel workbook
- A personnel workbook with the annual entries in institutions other than the Post and Telegraph (justice, land registry, customs, police and others), with the same annual fields as the personnel workbook.
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
Sources and original values (24)
| Field | Recorded value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Identity | ||
| Name | Mehmet Tevfik Efendi | Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Linked personnel workbook |
| Birth year (AH) | 1284 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Birthplace | bagdat | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Birthplace: district (kaza) | Bagdat | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Birthplace: sancak | Bagdat | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Birthplace: province (vilayet) | Bagdat | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Province of birth | bagdat | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| Religion | Musluman | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Nationality or community | Turkish | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Schooling | ||
| School | Rusdiye Mektebi | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Place of the school | Bagdat | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Years of schooling | 7 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Years of apprenticeship (mülazemet) | 0 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| First work | ||
| First work: year (AH) | 1302 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Linked personnel workbook |
| First work: Gregorian year as stored | 1885 | Recovered annual personnel extract |
| First work: place | Hille | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| First work: district (kaza) | Hille | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| First work: sancak | Divaniye | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| First work: province (vilayet) | Bagdat | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| First job as worded | Asar Kitabeti | Linked personnel workbook; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Age at first work (workbook field) | 18 | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| First salary field (kuruş a month) | 200 | Recovered annual personnel extract; Personnel attributes extract; Earlier annual personnel extract |
| First-job salary of the original workbook (kuruş a month) | 200 | Linked personnel workbook; Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
| Other recorded values | ||
| Merit and competence grade (recorded code) | 1 | Cross-ministry personnel workbook |
What the sources named in this table are
- Cross-ministry personnel workbook
- A personnel workbook with the annual entries in institutions other than the Post and Telegraph (justice, land registry, customs, police and others), with the same annual fields as the personnel workbook.
- Earlier annual personnel extract
- The detailed annual personnel file of October 2024. An official found only in this file keeps the years, titles and salaries it gives.
- Recovered annual personnel extract
- The merged annual personnel file recovered for the replication of the first paper. Annual entries are taken from it for every official it holds.
- Personnel attributes extract
- The detailed personnel file of September 2025, read for personal details such as birth, schooling and first work.
- Linked personnel workbook
- The original personnel workbook, from which selected fields on background and first work are taken.
- Origin of the record: Post and Telegraph personnel records.
- 18 annual entries of 22 belong to the saved estimation sample of the paper.
How to read this record: calendar years, years without an annual entry, salaries and sources.
Subjects
- Mehmet Tevfik Efendi
- Communications official (Muhabere Memuru)
- Baghdad (Bağdat)
- Rüşdiye school (Rüşdiye Mektebi)
- Post and Telegraph (Posta ve Telgraf)
- Muslim (Müslüman)
- Asar 2. Kitabeti
- Biography of an Ottoman official (Osmanlı memurunun biyografisi)
- Career and pay (memuriyet ve maaş)
- Ottoman history (Osmanlı tarihi)
- Ottoman bureaucracy (Osmanlı bürokrasisi)
- Ottoman officials (Osmanlı'da memurlar)
- Ottoman personnel registers (Sicill-i Ahvâl defterleri)
- Ottoman registers (Osmanlı defterleri)